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Studies on Hydrogen Energy and Energy Conversion
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Studies on Hydrogen Energy and Energy Conversion

A special issue of Sustainability (ISSN 2071-1050). This special issue belongs to the section "Energy Sustainability".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (7 December 2023) | Viewed by 5720

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Shanke Liu

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
College of Smart Energy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
Interests: supercritical water gasification for hydrogen production; waste resources utilization; carbon dioxide capture and utilization; energy big data and smart power plants
Dr. Yan Yang

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
School of Energy and Power Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China
Interests: hydrogen production and utilization; photothermal and photocatalytic utilization of solar energy
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Lei Yi

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
International Institute for Innovation, Jiangxi University of Science and Technology, Nanchang 330013, China
Interests: energy power multiphase flow; hydrogen energy science and technology; harmless treatment and resource utilization of organic waste
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Yunan Chen

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, China
Interests: waste management; recycling reuse; energy conversion; environmental assessments; landfill disposal; treatment; economic analysis
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

In the past century, human beings have extensively used coal, oil and natural gas and other traditional fossil energy, which has caused unprecedented environmental pollution, climate warming, sea level rise and a series of crises. In order to deal with these crises, human society has reached a broad consensus on carbon neutrality. The most important way to achieve carbon neutrality is to seek clean alternative energy in the future and excellent energy conversion methods. Hydrogen energy is one of the most promising clean energy sources due to its high calorific value and wide range of sources. After hydrogen is consumed, water is produced without carbon emission. Hydrogen is not only an energy carrier but also an important chemical raw material, which plays an important role in the fields of synthetic fuel and chemicals. Therefore, the practice of a hydrogen economy is an important goal for human society at present. However, before we can achieve the large-scale utilization of hydrogen energy, there are still many theoretical and practical challenges to be overcome in the production, storage and utilization of hydrogen energy. It is foreseeable that in the future, human beings will be able to build a clean society using hydrogen and electricity as energy sources. However, as secondary energy, hydrogen and electricity cannot be directly obtained, but must be obtained via primary energy conversion, which requires advanced energy conversion technology to provide important support for sustainable development.

This Special Issue will invite advanced technologies, original theories and trends in the field of hydrogen energy and energy conversion, including experimental research, numerical research, systematic research, review research, etc., to be peer reviewed for publication. Topics suggested in this Special Issue include, but are not limited to:

  • Production, storage and utilization of hydrogen energy;
  • Hydrogen economy and policy;
  • Clean and low-carbon conversion of fossil energy;
  • Efficient conversion of renewable energy;
  • Waste conversion and utilization.

We look forward to receiving your contributions.

Dr. Shanke Liu
Dr. Yan Yang
Dr. Lei Yi
Dr. Yunan Chen
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Sustainability is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2400 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • hydrogen production
  • hydrogen storage
  • hydrogen utilization
  • hydrogen economy
  • hydrogen policy
  • energy conversion
  • renewable energy
  • fossil energy
  • waste energy
  • low carbon

Published Papers (4 papers)

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Research

21 pages, 7010 KiB  
Article
Parametric Study and Optimization of Hydrogen Production Systems Based on Solar/Wind Hybrid Renewable Energies: A Case Study in Kuqa, China
by Tianqi Yang, Xianglin Yan, Wenchao Cai, Hao Luo, Nianfeng Xu, Liang Tong, Fei Yan, Richard Chahine and Jinsheng Xiao
Sustainability 2024, 16(2), 896; https://doi.org/10.3390/su16020896 - 20 Jan 2024
Viewed by 739
Abstract
Based on the concept of sustainable development, to promote the development and application of renewable energy and enhance the capacity of renewable energy consumption, this paper studies the design and optimization of renewable energy hydrogen production systems. For this paper, six different scenarios [...] Read more.
Based on the concept of sustainable development, to promote the development and application of renewable energy and enhance the capacity of renewable energy consumption, this paper studies the design and optimization of renewable energy hydrogen production systems. For this paper, six different scenarios for grid-connected and off-grid renewable energy hydrogen production systems were designed and analyzed economically and technically, and the optimal grid-connected and off-grid systems were selected. Subsequently, the optimal system solution was optimized by analyzing the impact of the load data and component capacity on the grid dependency of the grid-connected hydrogen production system and the excess power rate of the off-grid hydrogen production system. Based on the simulation results, the most matched load data and component capacity of different systems after optimization were determined. The grid-supplied power of the optimized grid-connected hydrogen production system decreased by 3347 kWh, and the excess power rate of the off-grid hydrogen production system decreased from 38.6% to 10.3%, resulting in a significant improvement in the technical and economic performance of the system. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Studies on Hydrogen Energy and Energy Conversion)
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28 pages, 7571 KiB  
Article
Conversion of Vacuum Residue from Refinery Waste to Cleaner Fuel: Technical and Economic Assessment
by Ammr M. Khurmy, Ahmad Al Harbi, Abdul Gani Abdul Jameel, Nabeel Ahmad and Usama Ahmed
Sustainability 2023, 15(21), 15362; https://doi.org/10.3390/su152115362 - 27 Oct 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1510
Abstract
Environmental concerns surrounding the use of high-sulfur fuel oil (HFO), a marine fuel derived from refinery vacuum residue, motivate the exploration of alternative solutions. Burning high-sulfur fuel oil (HFO) is a major source of air pollution, acid rain, ocean acidification, and climate change. [...] Read more.
Environmental concerns surrounding the use of high-sulfur fuel oil (HFO), a marine fuel derived from refinery vacuum residue, motivate the exploration of alternative solutions. Burning high-sulfur fuel oil (HFO) is a major source of air pollution, acid rain, ocean acidification, and climate change. When HFO is burned, it releases sulfur dioxide (SO2) into the air, a harmful gas that can cause respiratory problems, heart disease, and cancer. SO2 emissions can also contribute to acid rain, which can damage forests and lakes. Several countries and international organizations have taken steps to reduce HFO emissions from ships. For example, the International Maritime Organization (IMO) has implemented a global sulfur cap for marine fuels, which limits the sulfur content of fuel to 0.5% by mass. In addition, there is a worldwide effort to encourage the use of low-carbon gases to help reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. There are several alternative fuels that can be used in ships instead of HFO, such as liquefied natural gas (LNG), methanol, and hydrogen. These fuels are cleaner and more environmentally friendly than HFO. The aim of this study is to develop a process integration framework to co-produce methanol and hydrogen from vacuum residue while minimizing the sulfur and carbon emissions. Two process models have been developed in this study to produce methanol and hydrogen from vacuum residue. In case 1, vacuum residue is gasified using oxygen—steam and the syngas leaving the gasifier is processed to produce both methanol and hydrogen. Case 2 shares the same process model as case 1 except it is concentrated on mainly methanol production from vacuum residue. Both models are techno-economically compared in terms of methanol and H2 production rates, specific energy requirements, carbon conversion, CO2 specific emissions, overall process efficiencies, and project feasibility while considering the fluctuation of vacuum residue feed price from 0.022 $/kg to 0.11 $/kg. The comparative analysis showed that case 2 offers an 86.01% lower specific energy requirement (GJ) for each kilogram (kg) of fuel produced. The CO2 specific emission also decreased in case 2 by 69.76% compared to case 1. In addition, the calculated total net fuel production cost is 0.453 $/kg and 0.223 $/kg at 0.066 $/kg for case 1 and 2, respectively. Overall, case 2 exhibits better project feasibility compared to case 1 with higher process performance and lower production costs. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Studies on Hydrogen Energy and Energy Conversion)
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13 pages, 3981 KiB  
Article
Parametric Study on Fin Structure and Injection Tube in Metal Hydride Tank Packed with LaNi5 Alloy for Efficient and Safe Hydrogen Storage
by Min Liu, Bo Zhao, Yaze Li, Zhen Wang, Xuesong Zhang, Liang Tong, Tianqi Yang, Xuefang Li and Jinsheng Xiao
Sustainability 2023, 15(12), 9735; https://doi.org/10.3390/su15129735 - 18 Jun 2023
Viewed by 1203
Abstract
Efficient hydrogen storage methods are crucial for the large-scale application of hydrogen energy. This work studied the effects of fin structure and injection tube on the system performance of a hydrogen storage tank packed with LaNi5 alloy. An axisymmetric finite element model [...] Read more.
Efficient hydrogen storage methods are crucial for the large-scale application of hydrogen energy. This work studied the effects of fin structure and injection tube on the system performance of a hydrogen storage tank packed with LaNi5 alloy. An axisymmetric finite element model of the metal hydride hydrogen storage tank was established. The fin structure and injection tube were added to the hydrogen storage tank, and the effects of the fin location and injection tube on the efficiency and safety of the hydrogen storage tank during hydriding were analyzed. A parametric study on the wall fin structure and injection tube has been carried out to optimize the design of a hydrogen storage tank, and to improve its efficiency and safety. The hydrogen storage capacity of the optimized tank packed with LaNi5 alloy can reach 1.312 wt%, which is 99% of its maximum capacity, at around 650 s. The results show that the fin structure can improve the heat transfer performance of the storage tank, and that the injection tube can enhance the mass transfer of hydrogen in the tank. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Studies on Hydrogen Energy and Energy Conversion)
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18 pages, 10266 KiB  
Article
Numerical Simulation of Energy and Mass Transfer in a Magnetic Stirring Photocatalytic Reactor
by Yixin Yao, Yaqian Zheng and Yan Yang
Sustainability 2023, 15(9), 7604; https://doi.org/10.3390/su15097604 - 5 May 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1616
Abstract
Hydrogen production via photocatalytic water splitting is one of the promising solutions to energy and environmental issues. Understanding the relationship between hydrogen production in suspended photocatalytic reactions and various influencing factors is crucial for expanding the scale of the system. However, the complexity [...] Read more.
Hydrogen production via photocatalytic water splitting is one of the promising solutions to energy and environmental issues. Understanding the relationship between hydrogen production in suspended photocatalytic reactions and various influencing factors is crucial for expanding the scale of the system. However, the complexity of physical and chemical factors involved in hydrogen production via photocatalytic water splitting makes systematic research of this technology challenging. In recent research, the simulated light source reactor has become a preferred study object due to its strong controllability. This paper presents a comprehensive energy and mass transfer model for the suspended photocatalytic reaction in a magnetically stirred reactor. The mutual impacts between the flow field, radiation field, and reaction field are analyzed. The simulation results show that the rotating speed of the stirring magneton in the reactor has a significant influence on the flow field. The rotation of the stirring magneton generates a vortex in the central axis area of the reactor, with the relationship between the depth of the vortex f(s) and the rotating speed of the magneton s described as f(s) = 0.27e0.0032s. The distribution of radiation within the reactor is influenced by both the incident radiation intensity and the concentration of the catalyst. The relationship between the penetration depth of radiation g(i) and the incident radiation intensity i is described as g(i) = 10.73ln(i) − 49.59. The relationship between the penetration depth of radiation h(c) and the particle concentration c is given as h(c) = −16.38ln(c) + 15.01. The radiation distribution in the reactor has a substantial impact on hydrogen production, which affects the concentration distribution law of hydrogen. The total amounts of hydrogen generated in the reactor are 1.04 × 10−3 mol and 1.35 × 10−3 mol when the reaction times are 1.0 s and 2.0 s, respectively. This study serves as a foundation for the future scaling of the system and offers theoretical guidance for the optimization of the photocatalytic reactor design and operating conditions. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Studies on Hydrogen Energy and Energy Conversion)
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