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Application of Waste Materials in Pavement Structures

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A special issue of Sustainability (ISSN 2071-1050). This special issue belongs to the section "Sustainable Materials".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 December 2022) | Viewed by 13439

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Special Issue Editors

Prof. Dr. Ivana Barišić

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Guest Editor

Faculty of Civil Engineering and Architecture Osijek, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, 31000 Osijek, Croatia
Interests: road construction; pavement materials; waste materials; testing of pavement materials

Prof. Dr. Ivanka Netinger Grubeša

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor

Department for Civil Engineering, University North, 42 000 Varaždin, Croatia
Interests: building materials; durability; sustainable civil engineering; waste materials

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

We would like to invite you to submit your contributions to this Special Issue of Sustainability dealing with the ubiquitous but highly important topic of nature preservation and sustainable development within road construction.

Road construction is the branch of civil engineering that most depletes natural resources and thus endangers the environment. Given that the transport system is a fundamental infrastructure segment of the economy and has an explicit significance for all economic and social activities of each country, large amounts of natural resources are used for its construction. Therefore, it is extremely important to make road construction environmentally friendly and economical in order to contribute to the concept of sustainable development. During the last few decades, scientific research regarding adding new values to waste materials has developed to a great extent and has significantly contributed to sustainability in road construction activities. Thus, the purpose of this Special Issue is to provide a platform for the presentation of the most recent scientific research achievements in the field of sustainable pavement construction. Additionally, we hope to encourage practitioners and legislation makers in updating and developing new standards, specifications, and technology adoptions by discussing still open issues and challenges in waste material application in pavement structures. This Special Issue aims to attract original research or review articles on waste material characterization, innovative testing, and construction technologies with a clear application focus within this topic. Finally, we would like to invite you to share this call for papers with your colleagues, since only together we can take our society forward and protect our environment for the upcoming generations.

Prof. Dr. Ivana Barišić
Prof. Dr. Ivanka Netinger Grubeša
Guest Editors

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Keywords

green pavement materials
sustainable pavement design
recycling
renewability
material characterization

Published Papers (6 papers)

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Research

16 pages, 2837 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Optimum Fluid Content in Pavement Cold In-Place Recycling Containing Waste Materials

by Miloš Kopić, Tiana Milović, Bojan Matić, Stanislav Jovanović and Milan Marinković

Sustainability 2022, 14(24), 16691; https://doi.org/10.3390/su142416691 - 13 Dec 2022

Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1430

Abstract

The planning of road infrastructure undergoes major changes, especially in terms of sustainable development. Recycling of pavement structures involves the reuse of materials from existing pavement structures due to its timesaving and environmental benefits, as well as cost reduction. According to the recycling temperature, recycling can be hot and cold. This paper deals with cold in-place recycling and the determination of the optimum fluid content for by-product materials in mixtures compared with one containing natural zeolite. The content of bitumen emulsion and cement—which are the most used materials so far in cold recycling along with foam bitumen—was replaced with fly ash, slag or natural zeolite, and bakelite, respectively, while recycled asphalt pavement from Serbia (Žabalj) was used. Six different mixtures were made. The mixture with the addition of fly ash had the highest optimum fluid content (7.6%) compared with all test mixtures. Mixtures with slag, natural zeolite, and bakelite were in the range of a mixture containing 2% cement. Furthermore, the mixture with 3% cement had the lowest optimum fluid content (5.7%) in comparison to all the mixtures that were tested. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Application of Waste Materials in Pavement Structures)

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12 pages, 1421 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Performance Evaluation of Aged Asphalt Pavement Binder through Rejuvenators

by Ghulam Yaseen, Arshad Jamal, Meshal Almoshageh, Fawaz Alharbi and Hammad Hussain Awan

Sustainability 2022, 14(21), 14557; https://doi.org/10.3390/su142114557 - 5 Nov 2022

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1560

Abstract

Natural resources are declining due to rising infrastructure, renovation, demolition, and recycling of existing structures that necessitate sustainable development. It urges the researchers to modify the aged asphalt binder in the recycling to enhance the performance life of asphaltic pavements. The aim of this research study is to reutilize recycled materials through rejuvenation. This study utilizes the Cereclor to rejuvenate the aged binder collected from recycling and explore its transformation by comparing it with parent binder of similar grade. Different types of tests, such as basic physical properties, saturates, aromatics, resins, and asphaltenes (SARA) analysis for the fractional composition, bending beam rheometer (BBR), and dynamic shear rheometer (DSR) for rheological properties are applied to investigate these properties and effect on the performance. The results show that rejuvenator improved the fractional composition of the aged asphalt binder. It significantly improved the physical properties of the binder. The asphaltene contents are reduced up to 18% in the fractional composition through the addition of the optimum dosage (7.5%) of the rejuvenator. The colloidal instability index was decreased from 0.74 to 0.43 value by changing its unstable to stable colloidal structure. In addition, rejuvenator improved the rheological properties at a wide range of temperatures. The rejuvenator has the potential to soften the aged binder through optimum dosage (7.5%), as indicated in the results of fractional composition, colloidal structure, and rheological properties. Furthermore, it has been concluded that it can be utilized as a rejuvenator in the recycling industry to resolve the recycled materials disposal issues and lead to promote sustainable development. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Application of Waste Materials in Pavement Structures)

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24 pages, 9954 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Studies on the Utilization of Marble Dust, Bagasse Ash, and Paddy Straw Wastes to Improve the Mechanical Characteristics of Unfired Soil Blocks

by Tarun Sharma, Sandeep Singh, Shubham Sharma, Aman Sharma, Anand Kumar Shukla, Changhe Li, Yanbin Zhang and Elsayed Mohamed Tag Eldin

Sustainability 2022, 14(21), 14522; https://doi.org/10.3390/su142114522 - 4 Nov 2022

Cited by 10 | Viewed by 1715

Abstract

Earthen materials are the world’s oldest and cheapest construction materials. Compacted soil stabilised blocks are unfired admixed soil blocks made up of soil plus stabilisers such as binders, fibres, or a combination of both. The manufacturing and usage of cement and cement blocks raises a number of environmental and economic challenges. As a result, researchers are attempting to develop an alternative to cement blocks, and various tests on unfired admixed soil blocks have been performed. This investigation undertakes use of agricultural waste (i.e., paddy straw fiber and sugarcane bagasse ash) and industrial waste (i.e., marble dust) in manufacturing unfired admixed soil blocks. The applicability of unfired soil blocks admixed with marble dust, paddy straw fiber, and bagasse ash were studied. The marble dust level ranged from 25% to 35%, the bagasse ash content ranged from 7.5% to 12.5%, and the content of paddy straw fibre ranged from 0.8% to 1.2% by soil dry weight. Various tests were conducted on 81 mix designs of the prepared unfired admixed soil blocks to determine the mechanical properties of the blocks, followed by modeling and optimization. The characterization of the materials using XRD and XRF and of the specimens using SEM and EDS were performed for the mineral constituents and microstructural analysis. The findings demonstrate that the suggested method is a superior alternative to burned bricks for improving the mechanical properties of unfired admixed soil blocks. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Application of Waste Materials in Pavement Structures)

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13 pages, 7841 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Field and Laboratory Assessment of Different Concrete Paving Materials Thermal Behavior

by Ivana Barišić, Ivanka Netinger Grubeša, Hrvoje Krstić and Dalibor Kubica

Sustainability 2022, 14(11), 6638; https://doi.org/10.3390/su14116638 - 28 May 2022

Cited by 3 | Viewed by 2401

Abstract

Impervious pavement surfaces within urban areas present serious environmental problems due to waterlogging, flooding and in particular, the urban heat island (UHI) phenomenon. Another issue that has recently been highlighted is user comfort in pedestrian and cycling areas. Materials that have potential for overcoming these issues include pervious concrete (PC), a new type of construction material with improved drainage properties and thermal properties. In this study, the thermal properties and behavior of commonly used concrete paving materials in urban areas (dense concrete (DC) and concrete pavers (P)) and pervious concrete (PC) paving flags were investigated and compared in terms of their thermal properties. Material behavior under different temperature conditions was investigated within laboratory research measuring thermal conductivity (λ) and the capacity for heating and cooling using infrared lamp. Complementary to laboratory tests, field research was conducted analyzing the surrounding conditions on pavement wearing course behavior under real weather conditions. Dense concrete paving material had the highest thermal conductivity coefficient and heat absorption capacity, and slowest heating and cooling speed, compared with the other paving materials. The results also highlighted the similar thermal properties of PC and P but with potentially improved user comfort for PC due to its draining properties. The base layer and surrounding characteristics had a significant influence on the thermal behavior of pavements, and future research should consider these parameters when addressing the UHI effect for different paving materials. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Application of Waste Materials in Pavement Structures)

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19 pages, 3095 KiB

Open AccessArticle

The Effects of Natural Zeolite as Fly Ash Alternative on Frost Resistance and Shrinkage of Blended Cement Mortars

by Tiana Milović, Slobodan Šupić, Mirjana Malešev and Vlastimir Radonjanin

Sustainability 2022, 14(5), 2736; https://doi.org/10.3390/su14052736 - 25 Feb 2022

Cited by 13 | Viewed by 1835

Abstract

As the cement industry is responsible for 7% of the global CO₂ emissions, locally and abundantly available materials are vastly valorized, and their use is assuming a significant role in this domain. Over the last few decades, significant research in the development of supplementary cementitious materials (SCMs) derived from industrial wastes, such as fly ash (FA), has been conducted. However, facing environmental pressures, coal power plants are closing across the planet. Hence there is an urgent need to identify sustainable SCMs that can replace FA in the concrete industry. Furthermore, the usage of FA in cement-based composites does not often produce satisfactory results from the aspect of certain properties, such as freeze–thaw durability. Therefore, the application of natural zeolites (NZs) for these purposes has emerged as an area of interest in the civil engineering practice. This paper presents the results of experimental research regarding the influence of NZ, as a mineral admixture, on the basic physical and mechanical properties of cement mortars, with a focus on frost resistance and drying shrinkage. The amount of NZ was varied from 10 to 30% in relation to cement mass. The findings indicate that NZ positively influences the drying shrinkage reduction regardless of the replacement level, while the best results concerning frost resistance can be achieved in cement blends with 10% NZ. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Application of Waste Materials in Pavement Structures)

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23 pages, 14612 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Pervious Concrete Reinforced with Waste Cloth Strips

by Sandra Juradin, Frane Mihanović, Nives Ostojić-Škomrlj and Ela Rogošić

Sustainability 2022, 14(5), 2723; https://doi.org/10.3390/su14052723 - 25 Feb 2022

Cited by 7 | Viewed by 3343

Abstract

Pervious concrete is considered an environment-friendly paving material and its main feature is that it allows water to penetrate within its structure. Because of open pores in pervious concrete structures, there is a high risk of corrosion, so this concrete is used without any reinforcement or with fiber reinforcement. The incorporation of fibers in concrete is known to substantially increase the tensile strength, toughness, and ductility of concrete. The fast-fashion trend encourages people to buy more clothes and dispose of them in a shorter period of time, resulting in 85% of clothes ending up in landfills or being burned. In this paper, old cotton T-shirts were cut into narrow strips about 5 ± 1 cm long for the purpose of reinforcing pervious concrete. A total of eight concrete mixtures were made: four without reinforcement and four with textile-strip reinforcement. The number of textile strips was 1% of the total volume. Tests carried out on the specimens were: slump, density, porosity, compressive and flexural strength, water absorption, infiltration rate, and abrasion resistance. Multi-slice computed tomography (MSCT) was used for an X-ray examination and quantitative analysis of the specimens (ROI; region of interest) and 3D visualization (VRT; volume rendering technique). With an X-ray examination, the large holes in the cross sections of the specimens have been observed. They were caused by an insufficient compaction effort during the specimens’ placement, which affected the test results. Based on the obtained laboratory results, the waste strips improved the compressive strength, flexural strength, and abrasion resistance of the concrete with the addition of fine fractions, and generally increases the ductility of pervious concrete. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Application of Waste Materials in Pavement Structures)

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