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Sustainable Electric Power System and Renewable Energy
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Sustainable Electric Power System and Renewable Energy

A special issue of Sustainability (ISSN 2071-1050). This special issue belongs to the section "Energy Sustainability".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (25 August 2023) | Viewed by 7810

Special Issue Editor

Dr. Fernando Lessa Tofoli

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Electrical Engineering, Federal University of São João del-Rei, São João del-Rei, Brazil
Interests: power electronics; power quality; renewable energy applications
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

With the eventual and inevitable depletion of conventional fossil fuels, renewable energy sources are expected to play a key role in modern society, also in consideration of the increasing energy demand and attempts to achieve the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) as an urgent call. Therefore, minimizing greenhouse gas emissions as much as possible is a must for achieving an energy transition in the near future. In this scenario, wind, solar, hydrogen, ocean, and other sources can be incorporated into the world’s energy matrix while considering the specific characteristics of each region.

This Special Issue aims to create a forum for experts, professionals, and readers interested in topics related to sustainable energies and modern power systems. We invite researchers and professionals to present their work in progress related to such subjects (including emerging technologies), considering but not limited to the following topics of interest:

  • power electronic converters (ac–dc, dc–ac, ac–ac, dc–dc) applied in renewable energy conversion systems;
  • electric vehicles and charging stations;
  • control and energy management strategies;
  • energy storage systems;
  • overall applications involving solar, wind, and other energy sources;
  • dc and ac microgrids;
  • resource and energy absorption optimization;
  • resource assessment;
  • hybrid systems;
  • integration of sustainable energy resources;
  • optimization, control, and stability of power systems with high penetration of distributed generation;
  • assessment of renewable energy sources in the context of smart grids.

Dr. Fernando Lessa Tofoli
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Sustainability is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2400 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • renewable energy sources
  • solar energy
  • sustainable development goals (SDGs)
  • wind energy
  • renewable energy applications

Published Papers (5 papers)

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Research

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23 pages, 9064 KiB  
Article
Adaptive Virtual Impedance Control with MPC’s Cost Function for DG Inverters in a Microgrid with Mismatched Feeder Impedances for Future Energy Communities
by Mubashir Hayat Khan, Shamsul Aizam Zulkifli, Nedim Tutkun and Alessandro Burgio
Sustainability 2024, 16(2), 525; https://doi.org/10.3390/su16020525 - 8 Jan 2024
Viewed by 816
Abstract
More and more distributed generations (DGs), such as wind, PV or battery bank sources, are connected to electric systems or customer loads. However, the locations of these DGs are based on the highest energy that can be potentially harvested for electric power generation. [...] Read more.
More and more distributed generations (DGs), such as wind, PV or battery bank sources, are connected to electric systems or customer loads. However, the locations of these DGs are based on the highest energy that can be potentially harvested for electric power generation. Therefore, these locations create different line impedances based on the distance from the DGs to the loads or the point of common coupling (PCC). This paper presents an adaptive virtual impedance (AVI) in the predictive control scheme in order to ensure power sharing accuracy and voltage stability at the PCC in a microgrid network. The reference voltage from mismatched feeder impedances was modified by utilizing the suggested AVI-based predictive control for creating equal power sharing between the DGs in order to avoid overburdening any individual DG with low-rated power. The AVI strategy used droop control as the input control for generating equal power sharing, while the AVI output was used as the reference voltage for the finite control set–model predictive control (FCS-MPC) for creating a minimum voltage error deviation for the cost function (CF) for the inverter’s vector switching pattern in order to improve voltage stability at the PCC. The proposed AVI-based controller was tested using two DG inverter circuits in a decentralized control mode with different values of line impedance and rated power. The performance of the suggested controller was compared via MATLAB/Simulink with that of a controller based on static virtual impedance (SVI) in terms of efficiency of power sharing and voltage stability at the PCC. From the results, it was found that (1) the voltage transient magnitude for the AVI-based controller was reduced within less than 0.02 s, and the voltage at the PCC was maintained with about 0.9% error which is the least as compared with those for the SVI-based controller and (2) equal power sharing between the DGs increased during the change in the load demand when using the AVI-based controller as compared with using the SVI-based controller. The proposed controller was capable of giving more accurate power sharing between the DGs, as well as maintaining the voltage at the PCC, which makes it suitable for the power generation of consumer loads based on DG locations for future energy communities. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Sustainable Electric Power System and Renewable Energy)
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21 pages, 8102 KiB  
Article
Improvement of Autonomy, Efficiency, and Stress of Fuel Cell Hybrid Electric Vehicle System Using Robust Controller
by Aissa Benhammou, Mohammed Amine Hartani, Hamza Tedjini, Hegazy Rezk and Mujahed Al-Dhaifallah
Sustainability 2023, 15(7), 5657; https://doi.org/10.3390/su15075657 - 23 Mar 2023
Cited by 8 | Viewed by 1596
Abstract
Among issues facing the transportation sector today is the limited autonomy of electric vehicles, which are highly reliant upon energy storage systems. Considering this issue as the current research gap, researchers seek to prolong vehicle dependability through renewable-free and sustainable energy that tackles [...] Read more.
Among issues facing the transportation sector today is the limited autonomy of electric vehicles, which are highly reliant upon energy storage systems. Considering this issue as the current research gap, researchers seek to prolong vehicle dependability through renewable-free and sustainable energy that tackles negative environmental impacts. This research exploits the electric vehicle’s kinetic energy to improve its performance and reliability. It uses fuel-cell resources and supercapacitors hybridized with lithium-ion batteries, in addition to DC generators connected to front wheels that convert their rotations into energy contributing to the vehicle’s overall power balance. A state machine-based energy management strategy computes fuel-cell setpoint power, while a dual-loop structure uses a super-twisting controller for DC bus voltage regulation and recovery, in addition to tracking banks’ setpoint currents. A speed controller-based artificial intelligence is proposed to reduce power losses and enable accurate tracking of running trajectory to improve vehicle mechanisms. The simulation results using Matlab Simulink software proved the proposed vehicle’s feasibility by adopting the free kinetic energy of additional DC generators that provided 28% of its total power requirements, resulting in superior supply efficiency reaching 98%. Thus, the stress on FC and battery was minimized by 21% and 10%, respectively, in addition to reducing fuel consumption by 39%, so the vehicle autonomy was extended, and its reliability was enhanced and supported, as targeted. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Sustainable Electric Power System and Renewable Energy)
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33 pages, 9664 KiB  
Article
Novel Isolated Multiple-Input, Multiple-Output Multidirectional Converter for Modern Low-Voltage DC Power Distribution Architectures
by Raphael Carrijo de Oliveira, Fernando Lessa Tofoli and Aniel Silva de Morais
Sustainability 2023, 15(5), 4582; https://doi.org/10.3390/su15054582 - 3 Mar 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1525
Abstract
This work introduces a multiple-input, multiple-output (MIMO) isolated converter for low-power applications involving residential DC nanogrids and nanogrids. The topology has a multiport characteristic that allows for the integration of loads and sources with distinct ratings, e.g., photovoltaic (PV) modules, battery banks, DC [...] Read more.
This work introduces a multiple-input, multiple-output (MIMO) isolated converter for low-power applications involving residential DC nanogrids and nanogrids. The topology has a multiport characteristic that allows for the integration of loads and sources with distinct ratings, e.g., photovoltaic (PV) modules, battery banks, DC loads, and the AC grid. The structure relies on a DC-DC multi-winding multidirectional flyback converter that operates as power interface and can minimize the number of power conversion stages while enabling flexible power flow control. Owing to its multidirectional characteristic, a port can be responsible for supplying or absorbing energy using duty cycle control or phase-shift control, respectively. Since the operating modes of the converter are decoupled, a predictive controller is capable of managing the power flow among the ports independently. Simulation results are presented and discussed to evaluate the control system robustness and its performance in power flow management. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Sustainable Electric Power System and Renewable Energy)
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22 pages, 1995 KiB  
Article
Characterization of Piezoelectric Energy Production from Asphalt Pavements Using a Numerical-Experimental Framework
by Bruno C. Mota, Bruno Albuquerque Neto, Suelly H. A. Barroso, Francisco T. S. Aragão, Adelino J. L. Ferreira, Jorge B. Soares and Lélio A. T. Brito
Sustainability 2022, 14(15), 9584; https://doi.org/10.3390/su14159584 - 4 Aug 2022
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1593
Abstract
The recent increase in demand for electric energy and different ways of harvesting and generating it has been a key research stream in transportation infrastructure in Brazil. Since pavement structures are subjected to the mechanical load of millions of vehicles, the application of [...] Read more.
The recent increase in demand for electric energy and different ways of harvesting and generating it has been a key research stream in transportation infrastructure in Brazil. Since pavement structures are subjected to the mechanical load of millions of vehicles, the application of piezoelectric sensors is adequate, transforming deformations and vibrations on its layers into electric power. The general objective of this study was to investigate the use of piezoelectricity as a source of renewable energy applied to roadways using computational simulations and laboratory tests. The results indicate that factors such as frequency, load, the number of piezo cells, and spacing all affect the amount of power harvested. Regarding power generation in the simulation and laboratory characterization, the highest values obtained were 648.8 mW and 226.9 mW, respectively. The analysis indicates there is a correlation between the laboratory tests and the computational simulations, enabling the prototype application to capture up to 76.56 MWh of energy per month. Usage of piezoelectricity has been demonstrated to be a promising alternative to complement the Brazilian energy matrix and reduce the environmental impact. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Sustainable Electric Power System and Renewable Energy)
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Review

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24 pages, 4556 KiB  
Review
A Comprehensive Review and Application of Metaheuristics in Solving the Optimal Parameter Identification Problems
by Hegazy Rezk, A. G. Olabi, Tabbi Wilberforce and Enas Taha Sayed
Sustainability 2023, 15(7), 5732; https://doi.org/10.3390/su15075732 - 24 Mar 2023
Cited by 6 | Viewed by 1637
Abstract
For many electrical systems, such as renewable energy sources, their internal parameters are exposed to degradation due to the operating conditions. Since the model’s accuracy is required for establishing proper control and management plans, identifying their parameters is a critical and prominent task. [...] Read more.
For many electrical systems, such as renewable energy sources, their internal parameters are exposed to degradation due to the operating conditions. Since the model’s accuracy is required for establishing proper control and management plans, identifying their parameters is a critical and prominent task. Various techniques have been developed to identify these parameters. However, metaheuristic algorithms have received much attention for their use in tackling a wide range of optimization issues relating to parameter extraction. This work provides an exhaustive literature review on solving parameter extraction utilizing recently developed metaheuristic algorithms. This paper includes newly published articles in each studied context and its discussion. It aims to approve the applicability of these algorithms and make understanding their deployment easier. However, there are not any exact optimization algorithms that can offer a satisfactory performance to all optimization issues, especially for problems that have large search space dimensions. As a result, metaheuristic algorithms capable of searching very large spaces of possible solutions have been thoroughly investigated in the literature review. Furthermore, depending on their behavior, metaheuristic algorithms have been divided into four types. These types and their details are included in this paper. Then, the basics of the identification process are presented and discussed. Fuel cells, electrochemical batteries, and photovoltaic panel parameters identification are investigated and analyzed. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Sustainable Electric Power System and Renewable Energy)
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