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Integration of Sensing and Energy Supply
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Integration of Sensing and Energy Supply

A special issue of Sensors (ISSN 1424-8220). This special issue belongs to the section "Electronic Sensors".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 December 2022) | Viewed by 8953

Special Issue Editors

Prof. Dr. Xiaofeng Wang

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
State Key Laboratory of Precision Measurement Technology and Instruments, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
Interests: self-powered sensors; mechanical sensors; micro-nano energy devices; hybrid energy systems; and wireless sensor networks
Dr. Keren Dai

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
School of Mechanical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, China
Interests: self-powered sensorsenergy storage

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

In recent years, with more and more different types of sensors integrated in microsystems, the energy supply is facing an increasingly severe burden. In order to solve the contradiction between multi-function sensing and long-term autonomous energy supply, the development of sensing and energy supply has moved from independence to synergy. At the device level, some novel devices that simultaneously realize sensing and energy supply have been developed. At the system level, some new collaboration mechanisms and system configurations have been developed to improve the synergistic efficiency for sensing and energy supply. With these efforts for the integration of sensing and energy supply, smart sensing microsystems with more powerful functions and long-term energy self-sufficiency will become possible.

The topics include but are not limited to:

Physics sensing via the transient change in the energy device’s output and state;

Self-powered sensors and sensing systems based on triboelectricity and other principles;

The multi-device fusion of sensors and energy devices via structured design and integrated fabrication;

Long-term energy-autonomy sensing microsystems;

Wireless power supplies for sensing systems.

Prof. Dr. Xiaofeng Wang
Dr. Keren Dai
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Sensors is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • Self-sensing energy device
  • Self-powered sensors
  • Structured integration design
  • Energy-autonomy sensing microsystem
  • Wireless power supply

Published Papers (4 papers)

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Research

15 pages, 7683 KiB  
Article
Self-Powered Long-Life Microsystem for Vibration Sensing and Target Recognition
by Deng Yang, Wenrui Duan, Guozhe Xuan, Lulu Hou, Zhen Zhang, Mingxue Song and Jiahao Zhao
Sensors 2022, 22(24), 9594; https://doi.org/10.3390/s22249594 - 7 Dec 2022
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 1544
Abstract
Microsystems play an important role in the Internet of Things (IoT). In many unattended IoT applications, microsystems with small size, lightweight, and long life are urgently needed to achieve covert, large-scale, and long-term distribution for target detection and recognition. This paper presents for [...] Read more.
Microsystems play an important role in the Internet of Things (IoT). In many unattended IoT applications, microsystems with small size, lightweight, and long life are urgently needed to achieve covert, large-scale, and long-term distribution for target detection and recognition. This paper presents for the first time a low-power, long-life microsystem that integrates self-power supply, event wake-up, continuous vibration sensing, and target recognition. The microsystem is mainly used for unattended long-term target perception and recognition. A composite energy source of solar energy and battery is designed to achieve self-powering. The microsystem’s sensing module, circuit module, signal processing module, and transceiver module are optimized to further realize the small size and low-power consumption. A low-computational recognition algorithm based on support vector machine learning is designed and ported into the microsystem. Taking the pedestrian, wheeled vehicle, and tracked vehicle as targets, the proposed microsystem of 15 cm3 and 35 g successfully realizes target recognitions both indoors and outdoors with an accuracy rate of over 84% and 65%, respectively. Self-powering of the microsystem is up to 22.7 mW under the midday sunlight, and 11 min self-powering can maintain 24 h operation of the microsystem in sleep mode. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Integration of Sensing and Energy Supply)
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14 pages, 6557 KiB  
Article
Design and Fabrication of Interdigital Supercapacitors as Force/Acceleration Sensors
by Jue Huang, Keren Dai, Yajiang Yin, Zhaorong Chen, Zheng You and Xiaofeng Wang
Sensors 2022, 22(23), 9268; https://doi.org/10.3390/s22239268 - 28 Nov 2022
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1166
Abstract
The integrated device for energy supply and sensing (IDESS) is a potential candidate for relieving the energy and space burdens caused by the rising integration degrees of microsystems. In this article, we propose a force sensor based on an interdigital supercapacitor (IDTSC). The [...] Read more.
The integrated device for energy supply and sensing (IDESS) is a potential candidate for relieving the energy and space burdens caused by the rising integration degrees of microsystems. In this article, we propose a force sensor based on an interdigital supercapacitor (IDTSC). The capacitance and internal resistance of the IDTSC change under external loads, resulting in a transient current fluctuation at a constant bias voltage, which can be used to sense external force/acceleration. The IDTSC showed a specific energy and specific power of 4.16 Wh/kg and 22.26 W/kg (at 0.1 A/g), respectively, which could maintain an essential energy supply. According to the simulation analysis, the designed IDTSC’s current response exhibited good linearity with the external force. In addition, benefiting from its light weight and the applied gel electrolytes, the IDTSC showed good high-g impact sensing performance (from 9.9 × 103× g to 3.2 × 104× g). This work demonstrated the feasibility of realizing an integrated energy supply and force-sensing device by empowering energy storage devices with sensing capabilities. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Integration of Sensing and Energy Supply)
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14 pages, 2923 KiB  
Article
WiFi Energy-Harvesting Antenna Inspired by the Resonant Magnetic Dipole Metamaterial
by Zhenci Sun, Xiaoguang Zhao, Lingyun Zhang, Ziqi Mei, Han Zhong, Rui You, Wenshuai Lu, Zheng You and Jiahao Zhao
Sensors 2022, 22(17), 6523; https://doi.org/10.3390/s22176523 - 30 Aug 2022
Cited by 6 | Viewed by 2196
Abstract
WiFi energy harvesting is a promising solution for powering microsensors and microsystems through collecting electromagnetic (EM) energies that exist everywhere in modern daily lives. In order to harvest EM energy, we proposed a metamaterial-inspired antenna (MIA) based on the resonant magnetic dipole operating [...] Read more.
WiFi energy harvesting is a promising solution for powering microsensors and microsystems through collecting electromagnetic (EM) energies that exist everywhere in modern daily lives. In order to harvest EM energy, we proposed a metamaterial-inspired antenna (MIA) based on the resonant magnetic dipole operating in the WiFi bands. The MIA consists of two metallic split-ring resonators (SRRs), separated by an FR4 dielectric layer, in the broadside coupled configuration. The incident EM waves excite surface currents in the coupled SRRs, and the energy is oscillating between them due to near-field coupling. By varying the vertical distance of the two SRRs, we may achieve impedance matching without complicated matching networks. Collected EM energy can be converted to DC voltages via a rectifier circuit at the output of the coupling coil. Measured results demonstrate that the designed MIA may resonate at 2.4 GHz with a deep-subwavelength form factor (14 mm×14 mm×1.6 mm). The WiFi energy-harvesting capability of the proposed MIA with an embedded one-stage Dickson voltage multiplier has also been evaluated. A rectified DC voltage is approximately 500 mV when the MIA is placed at a distance of 2 cm from the WiFi transmit antenna with a 9 dBm transmitting power. The proposed compact MIA in this paper is of great importance for powering future distributed microsystems. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Integration of Sensing and Energy Supply)
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11 pages, 1915 KiB  
Article
Self-Powered and Autonomous Vibrational Wake-Up System Based on Triboelectric Nanogenerators and MEMS Switch
by Yuan Lin, Youchao Qi, Jiaqi Wang, Guoxu Liu, Zhaozheng Wang, Junqing Zhao, Yi Lv, Zhi Zhang, Ning Tian, Mengbi Wang, Yuanfen Chen and Chi Zhang
Sensors 2022, 22(10), 3752; https://doi.org/10.3390/s22103752 - 14 May 2022
Cited by 15 | Viewed by 2762
Abstract
With the extensive application of wireless sensing nodes, the demand for sustainable energy in unattended environments is increasing. Here, we report a self-powered and autonomous vibrational wake-up system (SAVWS) based on triboelectric nanogenerators and micro-electromechanical system (MEMS) switches. The energy triboelectric nanogenerator (E-TENG) [...] Read more.
With the extensive application of wireless sensing nodes, the demand for sustainable energy in unattended environments is increasing. Here, we report a self-powered and autonomous vibrational wake-up system (SAVWS) based on triboelectric nanogenerators and micro-electromechanical system (MEMS) switches. The energy triboelectric nanogenerator (E-TENG) harvests vibration energy to power the wireless transmitter through a MEMS switch. The signal triboelectric nanogenerator (S-TENG) controls the state of the MEMS switch as a self-powered accelerometer and shows good linearity in the acceleration range of 1–4.5 m/s2 at 30 Hz with a sensitivity of about 14.6 V/(m/s2). When the acceleration increases, the S-TENG turns on the MEMS switch, and the wireless transmitter transmits an alarm signal with the energy from E-TENG, using only 0.64 mJ. Using TENGs simultaneously as an energy source and a sensor, the SAVWS provides a self-powered vibration monitoring solution for unattended environments and shows extensive applications and great promise in smart factories, autonomous driving, and the Internet of Things. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Integration of Sensing and Energy Supply)
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