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Screen-Printed Electrochemical Sensors and Their Applications
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Screen-Printed Electrochemical Sensors and Their Applications

A special issue of Sensors (ISSN 1424-8220). This special issue belongs to the section "Chemical Sensors".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (25 March 2022) | Viewed by 16513

Special Issue Editor

Prof. Dr. Katarzyna Tyszczuk-Rotko

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Chemistry, Maria Curie-Skłodowska University, 20-031 Lublin, Poland
Interests: electrochemical sensors & biosensors; environmental & biomedical monitoring

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The 1990s saw the introduction of screen printing technology used to prepare electrochemical sensors. Till now screen-printed electrodes (SPEs) have gone through a significant development with respect to both their format and printing materials. The low manufacturing costs, appropriate repeatability levels and their electrochemical properties all make them an attractive analytical tool. Thus, SPEs have been used in quality control in environmental, clinical, food, and agricultural areas. The goal of this Special Issue is to invite high-quality papers that deal with recent developments in the field of screen-printed sensors and their related applications. Topics of interest include, but are not limited to, the following:

  • Carbon-based SPEs – recent developments, characteristics and applications
  • Metal-based SPEs – recent developments, characteristics and applications
  • Modified SPEs – recent developments, characteristics and applications
  • Applications of SPEs in pharmaceutical and biological analysis
  • Applications of SPEs in environmental and agri-food analysis
  • SPEs coupled with flow system

I look forward to and welcome your participation in this Special Issue.

Assoc. Prof. Katarzyna Tyszczuk-Rotko
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Sensors is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • screen-printed electrodes
  • pharmaceutical and biological analysis
  • environmental and agri-food analysis
  • flow system

Published Papers (6 papers)

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Research

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12 pages, 2326 KiB  
Article
Screen-Printed Carbon Electrodes with Macroporous Copper Film for Enhanced Amperometric Sensing of Saccharides
by Radovan Metelka, Pavlína Vlasáková, Sylwia Smarzewska, Dariusz Guziejewski, Milan Vlček and Milan Sýs
Sensors 2022, 22(9), 3466; https://doi.org/10.3390/s22093466 - 02 May 2022
Cited by 6 | Viewed by 1689
Abstract
A porous layer of copper was formed on the surface of screen-printed carbon electrodes via the colloidal crystal templating technique. An aqueous suspension of monodisperse polystyrene spheres of 500 nm particle diameter was drop-casted on the carbon tracks printed on the substrate made [...] Read more.
A porous layer of copper was formed on the surface of screen-printed carbon electrodes via the colloidal crystal templating technique. An aqueous suspension of monodisperse polystyrene spheres of 500 nm particle diameter was drop-casted on the carbon tracks printed on the substrate made of alumina ceramic. After evaporation, the electrode was carefully dipped in copper plating solution for a certain time to achieve a sufficient penetration of solution within the polystyrene spheres. The metal was then electrodeposited galvanostatically over the self-assembled colloidal crystal. Finally, the polystyrene template was dissolved in toluene to expose the porous structure of copper deposit. The morphology of porous structures was investigated using scanning electron microscopy. Electroanalytical properties of porous copper film electrodes were evaluated in amperometric detection of selected saccharides, namely glucose, fructose, sucrose, and galactose. Using hydrodynamic amperometry in stirred alkaline solution, a current response at +0.6 V vs. Ag/AgCl was recorded after addition of the selected saccharide. These saccharides could be quantified in two linear ranges (0.2–1.0 μmol L−1 and 4.0–100 μmol L−1) with detection limits of 0.1 μmol L−1 glucose, 0.03 μmol L−1 fructose, and 0.05 μmol L−1 sucrose or galactose. In addition, analytical performance of porous copper electrodes was ascertained and compared to that of copper film screen-printed carbon electrodes, prepared ex-situ by the galvanostatic deposition of metal in the plating solution. After calculating the current densities with respect to the geometric area of working electrodes, the porous electrodes exhibited much higher sensitivity to changes in concentration of analytes, presumably due to the larger surface of the porous copper deposit. In the future, they could be incorporated in detectors of flow injection systems due to their long-term mechanical stability. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Screen-Printed Electrochemical Sensors and Their Applications)
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13 pages, 3220 KiB  
Article
A Fabrication of Multichannel Graphite Electrode Using Low-Cost Stencil-Printing Technique
by Supatinee Kongkaew, Suowarot Tubtimtong, Panote Thavarungkul, Proespichaya Kanatharana, Kah Haw Chang, Ahmad Fahmi Lim Abdullah and Warakorn Limbut
Sensors 2022, 22(8), 3034; https://doi.org/10.3390/s22083034 - 15 Apr 2022
Cited by 6 | Viewed by 2743
Abstract
Multichannel graphite electrodes (MGrEs) have been designed and fabricated in this study. A template was cut from an adhesive plastic sheet using a desktop cutting device. The template was placed on a polypropylene substrate, and carbon graphite ink was applied with a squeegee [...] Read more.
Multichannel graphite electrodes (MGrEs) have been designed and fabricated in this study. A template was cut from an adhesive plastic sheet using a desktop cutting device. The template was placed on a polypropylene substrate, and carbon graphite ink was applied with a squeegee to the template. The size of the auxiliary electrode (AE) as well as the location of the reference electrode (RE) of MGrEs design were investigated. Scanning electron microscopy was used to determine the thickness of the ink on the four working electrodes (WEs), which was 21.9 ± 1.8 µm. Cyclic voltammetry with a redox probe solution was used to assess the precision of the four WEs. The intra-electrode repeatability and inter-electrode reproducibility of the MGrEs production were satisfied by low RSD (<6%). Therefore, the MGrEs is reliable and capable of detecting four replicates of the target analyte in a single analysis. The electrochemical performance of four WEs was investigated and compared to one WE. The sensitivity of the MGrEs was comparable to the sensitivity of a single WE. The MGrEs’ potential applications were investigated by analyzing the nitrite in milk and tap water samples (recoveries values of 97.6 ± 0.4 to 110 ± 2%). Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Screen-Printed Electrochemical Sensors and Their Applications)
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10 pages, 22287 KiB  
Communication
Leptospira interrogans Outer Membrane Protein-Based Nanohybrid Sensor for the Diagnosis of Leptospirosis
by Vivek Verma, Deepak Kala, Shagun Gupta, Harsh Kumar, Ankur Kaushal, Kamil Kuča, Natália Cruz-Martins and Dinesh Kumar
Sensors 2021, 21(7), 2552; https://doi.org/10.3390/s21072552 - 06 Apr 2021
Cited by 17 | Viewed by 3468
Abstract
Leptospirosis is an underestimated tropical disease caused by the pathogenic Leptospira species and responsible for several serious health problems. Here, we aimed to develop an ultrasensitive DNA biosensor for the rapid and on-site detection of the Loa22 gene of Leptospira interrogans using a [...] Read more.
Leptospirosis is an underestimated tropical disease caused by the pathogenic Leptospira species and responsible for several serious health problems. Here, we aimed to develop an ultrasensitive DNA biosensor for the rapid and on-site detection of the Loa22 gene of Leptospira interrogans using a gold nanoparticle–carbon nanofiber composite (AuN/CNF)-based screen-printed electrode. Cyclic voltammetry and electrochemical impedance were performed for electrochemical analysis. The sensitivity of the sensor was 5431.74 μA/cm2/ng with a LOD (detection limit) of 0.0077 ng/μL using cyclic voltammetry. The developed DNA biosensor was found highly specific to the Loa22 gene of L. interrogans, with a storage stability at 4 °C for 180 days and a 6% loss of the initial response. This DNA-based sensor only takes 30 min for rapid detection of the pathogen, with a higher specificity and sensitivity. The promising results obtained suggest the application of the developed sensor as a point of care device for the diagnosis of leptospirosis. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Screen-Printed Electrochemical Sensors and Their Applications)
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20 pages, 1543 KiB  
Article
A New and All-Solid-State Potentiometric Aluminium Ion Sensor for Water Analysis
by Kook Shih Ying, Lee Yook Heng, Nurul Izzaty Hassan and Siti Aishah Hasbullah
Sensors 2020, 20(23), 6898; https://doi.org/10.3390/s20236898 - 03 Dec 2020
Cited by 9 | Viewed by 2576
Abstract
An all-solid-state potentiometric electrode system for aluminium ion determination was developed with a new aluminium ion sensor as the working electrode based on a new ionophore for aluminium ion, 1,1′-[(methylazanediyl)bis(ethane-2,1-diyl)]bis[3-(naphthalen-1-yl)thiourea] (ACH). The reference electrode was a potassium ion sensor, which acts as a [...] Read more.
An all-solid-state potentiometric electrode system for aluminium ion determination was developed with a new aluminium ion sensor as the working electrode based on a new ionophore for aluminium ion, 1,1′-[(methylazanediyl)bis(ethane-2,1-diyl)]bis[3-(naphthalen-1-yl)thiourea] (ACH). The reference electrode was a potassium ion sensor, which acts as a pseudo-reference. Both electrodes were made from Ag/AgCl screen-print electrodes fabricated from a non-plasticized and photocurable poly(n-butyl acrylate) membrane that contained various other membrane components. The pseudo-reference potential based on the potassium ion sensor was fixed in 0.050 M KNO3, and such concentration of K+ ion did not interfere with the measurement of the Al3+ ion using the aluminium sensor. With such a pseudo-reference and in the presence of 0.050 M KNO3 as a background medium, the aluminium sensor measured changes of aluminium ion concentrations linearly from 10−6 to 10−2 M Al3+ ion with a Nernstian response of 17.70 ± 0.13 mV/decade. A low detection limit of 2.45 × 10−7 M was achieved with this all-solid-state potentiometric system. The aluminium sensor was insensitive to pH effects from 2.0 to 8.0 with a response time of less than 50 s. Under optimum conditions, a lifetime of 49 days was achieved with good sensor selectivity, reversibility, repeatability, and reproducibility. The all-solid-state electrode system was applied to analyze the Al3+ ion content of water samples from a water treatment plant. Compared with the conventional potentiometric detection system for aluminium ions, the new all-solid-state aluminium ion sensor incorporating a pseudo-reference from the potassium sensor demonstrated similar analytical performance. It thus provided a convenient means of aluminium content analysis in water treatment plants. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Screen-Printed Electrochemical Sensors and Their Applications)
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11 pages, 3625 KiB  
Article
A Screen-Printed Sensor Coupled with Flow System for Quantitative Determination of a Novel Promising Anticancer Agent Candidate
by Katarzyna Tyszczuk-Rotko, Jędrzej Kozak, Małgorzata Sztanke, Krzysztof Sztanke and Ilona Sadok
Sensors 2020, 20(18), 5217; https://doi.org/10.3390/s20185217 - 13 Sep 2020
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1854
Abstract
A carbon nanofibers modified screen-printed carbon sensor (SPCE/CNFs) was applied for the determination of a novel promising anticancer agent candidate (ethyl 8-(4-methoxyphenyl)-4-oxo-4,6,7,8-tetrahydroimidazo[2,1-c][1,2,4]triazine-3-carboxylate, EIMTC) using square-wave voltammetry (SWV). It is the first method for the quantitative determination of EIMTC. The modified screen-printed [...] Read more.
A carbon nanofibers modified screen-printed carbon sensor (SPCE/CNFs) was applied for the determination of a novel promising anticancer agent candidate (ethyl 8-(4-methoxyphenyl)-4-oxo-4,6,7,8-tetrahydroimidazo[2,1-c][1,2,4]triazine-3-carboxylate, EIMTC) using square-wave voltammetry (SWV). It is the first method for the quantitative determination of EIMTC. The modified screen-printed sensor exhibited excellent electrochemical activity in reducing EIMTC. The peak current of EIMTC was found to be linear in two concentration ranges of 2.0 × 10−9 – 2.0 × 10−8 mol L−1 and 2.0 × 10−8 – 2.0 × 10−7 mol L−1, with a detection limit of 5.0 × 10−10 mol L−1. The connection of flow-cell for the SPCE/CNFs with SWV detection allowed for the successful determination of EIMTC in human serum samples. Ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography coupled to electrospray ionization triple quadrupole mass spectrometry (UHPLC-ESI-MS/MS) acted as a comparative method in the serum samples analysis. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Screen-Printed Electrochemical Sensors and Their Applications)
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Review

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18 pages, 1745 KiB  
Review
Screen-Printed Voltammetric Sensors—Tools for Environmental Water Monitoring of Painkillers
by Katarzyna Tyszczuk-Rotko, Jędrzej Kozak and Bożena Czech
Sensors 2022, 22(7), 2437; https://doi.org/10.3390/s22072437 - 22 Mar 2022
Cited by 13 | Viewed by 3004
Abstract
The dynamic production and usage of pharmaceuticals, mainly painkillers, indicates the growing problem of environmental contamination. Therefore, the monitoring of pharmaceutical concentrations in environmental samples, mostly aquatic, is necessary. This article focuses on applying screen-printed voltammetric sensors for the voltammetric determination of painkillers [...] Read more.
The dynamic production and usage of pharmaceuticals, mainly painkillers, indicates the growing problem of environmental contamination. Therefore, the monitoring of pharmaceutical concentrations in environmental samples, mostly aquatic, is necessary. This article focuses on applying screen-printed voltammetric sensors for the voltammetric determination of painkillers residues, including non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, paracetamol, and tramadol in environmental water samples. The main advantages of these electrodes are simplicity, reliability, portability, small instrumental setups comprising the three electrodes, and modest cost. Moreover, the electroconductivity, catalytic activity, and surface area can be easily improved by modifying the electrode surface with carbon nanomaterials, polymer films, or electrochemical activation. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Screen-Printed Electrochemical Sensors and Their Applications)
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