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Electrical and Electromagnetic Sensors and Methods in Archaeology and Monumental...
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Electrical and Electromagnetic Sensors and Methods in Archaeology and Monumental Heritage

A special issue of Sensors (ISSN 1424-8220). This special issue belongs to the section "Remote Sensors".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 May 2021) | Viewed by 16499

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Giovanni Leucci

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Istituto di Scienze del Patrimonio Culturale, Institute of Cultural Heritage Sciences and Sites (ISPC), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, National Research Council (CNR), 73100 Lecce, Italy
Interests: applied geophysics; ground-penetrating radar; electrical resistivity tomography; seismic tomography
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Raffaele Martorana

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Dipartimento di Scienze della Terra e del Mare, University of Palermo, 90133 Palermo, Italy
Interests: geophysical survey; archaeological prospection; electrical resistivity tomography; inversion; seismic
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Prof. Dr. Rita Deiana

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
1. Department of Cultural Heritage, University of Padova, 2-35122 Padua, Italy
2. Director of the Interdepartmental Center for Research, Study and Conservation of Archaeological, Architectural and Historical-Artistic Heritage - CIBA, University of Padova, 2-35122 Padua, Italy
Interests: earth sciences; applied geophysics

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleague,

This Special Issue is based on the Metrology for Archaeology 2019 International Conference (www.metroarcheo.com), Special Session 6 (http://www.metroarcheo.com/special-session-6).

In recent years, electrical and electromagnetic (EM) methods have been increasingly applied in the field of archaeology and cultural heritage. Nowadays, both contact and non-contact non-invasive techniques are used at different scales in archaeology, cultural landscape analysis, and measurement of ancient buildings or artwork.

The topics covered in this Special Issue include

  • The application and integration of non-invasive EM methods (e.g., GPR, HSR, IR thermography, etc.) in NDT (nondestructive testing) for the in situ analysis of ancient buildings;
  • Uses and perspectives of non-invasive EM methods (e.g., multispectral imaging, XRF) for the in situ analysis of cultural heritage artworks (e.g., wall paintings, paintings, manuscripts, mosaics, ceramics).

Dr. Giovanni Leucci
Dr. Raffaele Martorana
Prof. Dr. Rita Deiana
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Sensors is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • electrical
  • electromagnetic
  • methodological approach
  • archaeology
  • monumental heritage

Published Papers (5 papers)

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Research

17 pages, 8667 KiB  
Article
Application of Multispectral Imaging and Portable Spectroscopic Instruments to the Analysis of an Ancient Persian Illuminated Manuscript
by Cecilia Rossi, Alfonso Zoleo, Renzo Bertoncello, Moreno Meneghetti and Rita Deiana
Sensors 2021, 21(15), 4998; https://doi.org/10.3390/s21154998 - 23 Jul 2021
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1806
Abstract
Illuminated manuscripts are, in general, the final products of a wise and complex interaction of different competencies. In particular, each manuscript reflects uses and techniques rooted in the historical and geographical traditions of the area of realization. Defining the characteristics and the materials [...] Read more.
Illuminated manuscripts are, in general, the final products of a wise and complex interaction of different competencies. In particular, each manuscript reflects uses and techniques rooted in the historical and geographical traditions of the area of realization. Defining the characteristics and the materials in these valuable artefacts is an essential element to reconstruct their history and allow a more precise collocation and a possible comparison with other works in similar periods and areas. Non-invasive methods, mainly using portable instruments, offer undoubtedly good support in these studies. Recent analyses of an ancient Persian illuminated manuscript, combining multispectral imaging and spectroscopic measurements made with portable instruments (XRF, FORS, micro-Raman, IR-ATR) on selected points, provided new data for an improved understanding of this rare book. This study details the possibilities offered by combining these non-invasive methods for an in-depth understanding of the techniques and practices behind the realization of Middle Eastern illuminated manuscripts and provided new perspectives for multidisciplinary approaches to research in this field. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Electrical and Electromagnetic Sensors and Methods in Archaeology and Monumental Heritage)
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17 pages, 12003 KiB  
Article
A Lightweight Prototype of a Magnetometric System for Unmanned Aerial Vehicles
by Antonino Pisciotta, Giovanni Vitale, Salvatore Scudero, Raffaele Martorana, Patrizia Capizzi and Antonino D'Alessandro
Sensors 2021, 21(14), 4691; https://doi.org/10.3390/s21144691 - 09 Jul 2021
Cited by 11 | Viewed by 3108
Abstract
Detection of the Earth’s magnetic field anomalies is the basis of many types of studies in the field of earth sciences and archaeology. These surveys require different ways to carry out the measures but they have in common that they can be very [...] Read more.
Detection of the Earth’s magnetic field anomalies is the basis of many types of studies in the field of earth sciences and archaeology. These surveys require different ways to carry out the measures but they have in common that they can be very tiring or expensive. There are now several lightweight commercially available magnetic sensors that allow light-UAVs to be equipped to perform airborne measurements for a wide range of scenarios. In this work, the realization and functioning of an airborne magnetometer prototype were presented and discussed. Tests and measures for the validation of the experimental setup for some applications were reported. The flight sessions, appropriately programmed for different types of measurements, made it possible to evaluate the performance of this detection methodology, highlighting the advantages and drawbacks or limitations and future developments. From the results obtained it was possible to verify that the measurement system is capable of carrying out local and potentially archaeological magnetometric measurements with the necessary precautions. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Electrical and Electromagnetic Sensors and Methods in Archaeology and Monumental Heritage)
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18 pages, 13913 KiB  
Article
A 3D Informational Database for Automatic Archiving of Archaeological Pottery Finds
by Luca Di Angelo, Paolo Di Stefano, Emanuele Guardiani and Anna Eva Morabito
Sensors 2021, 21(3), 978; https://doi.org/10.3390/s21030978 - 02 Feb 2021
Cited by 16 | Viewed by 3121
Abstract
From archaeological excavations, huge quantities of material are recovered, usually in the form of fragments. Their correct interpretation and classification are laborious and time-consuming and requires measurement, analysis and comparison of several items. Basing these activities on quantitative methods that process 3D digital [...] Read more.
From archaeological excavations, huge quantities of material are recovered, usually in the form of fragments. Their correct interpretation and classification are laborious and time-consuming and requires measurement, analysis and comparison of several items. Basing these activities on quantitative methods that process 3D digital data from experimental measurements allows optimizing the entire restoration process, making it faster, more accurate and cheaper. The 3D point clouds, captured by the scanning process, are raw data that must be properly processed to be used in automatic systems for the analysis of archeological finds. This paper focuses on the integration of a shape feature recognizer, able to support the semantic decomposition of the ancient artifact into archaeological features, with a structured database, able to query the large amount of information extracted. Through the automatic measurement of the dimensional attributes of the various features, it is possible to facilitate the comparative analyses between archaeological artifacts and the inferences of the archaeologist and to reduce the routine work. Here, a dedicated database has been proposed, able to store the information extracted from huge quantities of archaeological material using a specific shape feature recognizer. This information is useful for making comparisons but also to improve the archaeological knowledge. The database has been implemented and used for the identification of pottery fragments and the reconstruction of archaeological vessels. Reconstruction, in particular, often requires the solution of complex problems, especially when it involves types of potsherds that cannot be treated with traditional methods. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Electrical and Electromagnetic Sensors and Methods in Archaeology and Monumental Heritage)
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23 pages, 6244 KiB  
Article
Analysis of the Influence of the GPS Errors Occurred While Collecting Electrode Coordinates on the Electrical Resistivity of Tumuli
by Veronica Pazzi, Mattia Ceccatelli, Lorenzo Ciani, Gabriele Patrizi, Giulia Guidi, Luca Cappuccini, Nicola Casagli and Marcantonio Catelani
Sensors 2020, 20(10), 2966; https://doi.org/10.3390/s20102966 - 23 May 2020
Cited by 6 | Viewed by 3012
Abstract
In archaeological applications the accurate reconstruction of buried structures is mandatory. Electrical resistivity tomography is widely used for this purpose. Nevertheless, resistivity errors could be generated by wrong placement of electrodes. Papers in the literature do not discuss the influence of errors connected [...] Read more.
In archaeological applications the accurate reconstruction of buried structures is mandatory. Electrical resistivity tomography is widely used for this purpose. Nevertheless, resistivity errors could be generated by wrong placement of electrodes. Papers in the literature do not discuss the influence of errors connected with the electrode position location (GPS-error). In this paper the first results of a Monte Carlo simulation analysis of data acquired on a tumulus are presented. The main research questions were: (i) if it is correct to ignore the GPS-error collect, and (ii) if a minimum threshold, that significantly affect the inversion, exists. Results, obtained considering planimetric GPS-errors of about one third of the fixed electrode distances, show that the GPS-errors affect resistivity, but the generated errors/anomalies: (a) are lower than that obtained without considering the topography, and (b) are significant from a numerical point of view, but do not affect the interpretation, being compatible with the soil resistivity ranges. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Electrical and Electromagnetic Sensors and Methods in Archaeology and Monumental Heritage)
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16 pages, 9238 KiB  
Article
Towards Urban Archaeo-Geophysics in Peru. The Case Study of Plaza de Armas in Cusco
by Nicola Masini, Giovanni Leucci, David Vera, Maria Sileo, Antonio Pecci, Sayri Garcia, Ronald López, Henry Holguín and Rosa Lasaponara
Sensors 2020, 20(10), 2869; https://doi.org/10.3390/s20102869 - 19 May 2020
Cited by 7 | Viewed by 4610
Abstract
One of the most complex challenges of heritage sciences is the identification and protection of buried archaeological heritage in urban areas and the need to manage, maintain and inspect underground services. Archaeology and geophysics, used in an integrated way, provide an important contribution [...] Read more.
One of the most complex challenges of heritage sciences is the identification and protection of buried archaeological heritage in urban areas and the need to manage, maintain and inspect underground services. Archaeology and geophysics, used in an integrated way, provide an important contribution to open new perspectives in understanding both the history of cities and in helping the decision makers in planning and governing the urban development and management. The problems of identification and interpretation of geophysical features in urban subsoil make it necessary to develop ad hoc procedures to be implemented and validated in significant case studies. This paper deals with the results of an interdisciplinary project in Cusco (Peru), the capital of Inca Empire, where the georadar method was applied for the first time in the main square. The georadar method was successfully employed based on knowledge of the historical evolution of Cusco and the availability of archaeological records provided by some excavations nearby the study area. Starting from a model for the electromagnetic wave reflection from archaeological structures and pipes, georadar results were interpreted by means of comparative morphological analysis of high amplitude values observed from time slices with reflectors visualized in the radargrams. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Electrical and Electromagnetic Sensors and Methods in Archaeology and Monumental Heritage)
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