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Magnetoelectric Sensors: Theory, Design and Application

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A special issue of Sensors (ISSN 1424-8220). This special issue belongs to the section "Physical Sensors".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 August 2020) | Viewed by 12433

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Prof. Dr. Mirza Bichurin

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Yaroslav-the-Wise Novgorod State University, 173003 Veliky Novgorod, Russia
Interests: solid-state physics; magnetoelectric effect; magnetic resonance; magnetoelectric devices; microwave technics
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Dr. Yaojin Wang

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School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China
Interests: ferroelectric; piezoelectric; magnetoelectric; magnetic sensor; flexible electronics

Prof. Roman Petrov

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Yaroslav-the-Wise Novgorod State University, Veliky Novgorod, Russia
Interests: magnetoelectric current sensors, magnetoelectric position sensors, magnetoelectric bio sensing, sensors design, integrated sensors and transducers

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

In the last 20 years, there has been an active and comprehensive study of magnetoelectric (ME) composites due to their multifunctionality and possible new applications in science and technology. Some properties of ME composites, such as their direct and inverse ME effects associated with the change of electric polarization/magnetization in response to external magnetic/electric fields, have shown wide possibilities for their practical application.

One of the first proposed applications of ME composites was a magnetic field sensor [1]. Then, after more studies that achieved a pico-Tesla sensitivity of a sensor at room temperature [2,3], the number of works on ME sensors increased dramatically. Research on ME sensors was devoted to the study of various physical parameters in a wide frequency range, including microwaves and optics.

This Special Issue of Sensors will be dedicated to highlight the theory, design, and application of ME sensors, describing the main directions of their development in order to summarize and provide recommendations for future research.

[1] Bichurin, M.I.; Petrov, V.M.; Petrov, R.V.; Kiliba, Y.V.; Bukashev, F.I.; Smirnov, A.Y.; Eliseev, D.N. Magnetoelectric sensor of magnetic field. Ferroelectrics 2002, 280, pp. 199–202.
[2] Zhai, J.; Xing, Z.; Dong, S.; Li, J-F.; Viehland, D. Detection of pico-Tesla magnetic fields using magneto-electric sensors at room temperature. Appl. Phys. Lett. 2006, 88, 062510.
[3] Wang, Y,; Gray, D.; Berry, D.; Gao, J.; Li, M.; Li, J-F.; Viehland, D. An extremely low equivalent magnetic noise magnetoelectric sensor. Adv. Mater. 2011, 23, pp. 4111–4114.

Prof. Dr. Mirza Bichurin
Dr. Yaojin Wang
Prof. Dr. Roman Petrov
Guest Editors

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Keywords

Magnetoelectric effect
Magnetostrictive and piezoelectric components
Magnetoelectric magnetic field sensors
Magnetoelectric current sensors
Magnetoelectric position sensors
Magnetoelectric microwave sensors
Magnetoelectric optic sensors
Magnetoelectric bio sensing
Noise control and suppression
Sensors design
Integrated sensors and transducers

Published Papers (4 papers)

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19 pages, 4297 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Self-Biased Bidomain LiNbO₃/Ni/Metglas Magnetoelectric Current Sensor

by Mirza I. Bichurin, Roman V. Petrov, Viktor S. Leontiev, Oleg V. Sokolov, Andrei V. Turutin, Victor V. Kuts, Ilya V. Kubasov, Alexander M. Kislyuk, Alexander A. Temirov, Mikhail D. Malinkovich and Yuriy N. Parkhomenko

Sensors 2020, 20(24), 7142; https://doi.org/10.3390/s20247142 - 13 Dec 2020

Cited by 12 | Viewed by 2846

Abstract

The article is devoted to the theoretical and experimental study of a magnetoelectric (ME) current sensor based on a gradient structure. It is known that the use of gradient structures in magnetostrictive-piezoelectric composites makes it possible to create a self-biased structure by replacing an external magnetic field with an internal one, which significantly reduces the weight, power consumption and dimensions of the device. Current sensors based on a gradient bidomain structure LiNbO₃ (LN)/Ni/Metglas with the following layer thicknesses: lithium niobate—500 μm, nickel—10 μm, Metglas—29 μm, operate on a linear section of the working characteristic and do not require the bias magnetic field. The main characteristics of a contactless ME current sensor: its current range measures up to 10 A, it has a sensitivity of 0.9 V/A, its current consumption is not more than 2.5 mA, and its linearity is maintained to an accuracy of 99.8%. Some additional advantages of a bidomain lithium niobate-based current sensor are the increased sensitivity of the device due to the use of the bending mode in the electromechanical resonance region and the absence of a lead component in the device. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Magnetoelectric Sensors: Theory, Design and Application)

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13 pages, 4684 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Finite Element Solutions for Magnetic Field Problems in Terfenol-D Transducers

by Duo Teng and Yatian Li

Sensors 2020, 20(10), 2808; https://doi.org/10.3390/s20102808 - 15 May 2020

Cited by 17 | Viewed by 3579

Abstract

An appropriate magnetic design helps ensure that the Terfenol-D (Terbium- Dysprosium-Iron alloy) rods in giant magnetostrictive transducers have the perfect magnetostriction ability. To determine the optimum Terfenol-D rod state, a segmented stack configuration comprised by the Terfenol-D rods and NdFeB (neodymium-iron-boron) permanent magnets is presented. The bias magnetic field distributions simulated through the finite element method indicate that the segmented stack configuration is one effective way to produce the desired bias magnetic field. Particularly for long stacks, establishing a majority of domain to satisfy the desired bias magnetic field range is feasible. On the other hand, the eddy current losses of Terfenol-D rods are also the crucial to their magnetostriction ability. To reduce eddy current losses, the configuration with digital slots in the Terfenol-D rods is presented. The induced eddy currents and the losses are estimated. The simulations reveal that the digital slots configuration decreases the eddy current losses by 78.5% compared to the same size Terfenol-D rod with only a hole. A Terfenol-D transducer prototype has been manufactured using a Terfenol-D rod with a mechanical prestress of about 10 MPa and a bias magnetic field of about 42 kA/m. Its maximum transmitting current response of 185.4 dB at 3.75 kHz indicates its practicability for application as an underwater projector. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Magnetoelectric Sensors: Theory, Design and Application)

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12 pages, 2472 KiB

Open AccessLetter

A Magnetoelectric Automotive Crankshaft Position Sensor

by Roman Petrov, Viktor Leontiev, Oleg Sokolov, Mirza Bichurin, Slavcho Bozhkov, Ivan Milenov and Penko Bozhkov

Sensors 2020, 20(19), 5494; https://doi.org/10.3390/s20195494 - 25 Sep 2020

Cited by 7 | Viewed by 2773

Abstract

The paper is devoted to the possibility of using magnetoelectric materials for the production of a crankshaft position sensor for automobiles. The composite structure, consisting of a PZT or LiNbO₃ piezoelectric with a size of 20 mm × 5 mm × 0.5 mm, and plates of the magnetostrictive material Metglas of the appropriate size were used as a sensitive element. The layered structure was made from a bidomain lithium niobate monocrystal with a Y + 128° cut and amorphous metal of Metglas. Various combinations of composite structures are also investigated; for example, asymmetric structures using a layer of copper and aluminum. The output characteristics of these structures are compared in the resonant and non-resonant modes. It is shown that the value of the magnetoelectric resonant voltage coefficient was 784 V/(cm·Oe), and the low-frequency non-resonant magnetoelectric coefficient for the magnetoelectric element was about 3 V/(cm·Oe). The principle of operation of the position sensor and the possibility of integration into automotive systems, using the CAN bus, are examined in detail. To obtain reliable experimental results, a special stand was assembled on the basis of the SKAD-1 installation. The studies showed good results and a high prospect for the use of magnetoelectric sensors as position sensors and, in particular, of a vehicle’s crankshaft position sensor. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Magnetoelectric Sensors: Theory, Design and Application)

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8 pages, 911 KiB

Open AccessLetter

Estimation of the Intrinsic Power Efficiency in Magnetoelectric Laminates Using Temperature Measurements

by Xin Zhuang, Chung-Ming Leung, Jiefang Li and Dwight Viehland

Sensors 2020, 20(11), 3332; https://doi.org/10.3390/s20113332 - 11 Jun 2020

Cited by 4 | Viewed by 2214

Abstract

Magnetoelectric (ME) power efficiency is a more important property than the ME voltage or the current coefficients for power conversion applications. This paper introduces an analytical model that describes the relation between the external magnetic field and the power efficiency in layered ME composites. It is a two-phase model. The first fragment establishes the expression between the magnetic field strength and the temperature increase within an operating period. It uses a magneto-elasto-electric equivalent circuit model that was developed by Dong et al. Following previous investigations; the main loss source is the mechanical power dissipation. The second fragment links the power efficiency and the temperature increase in a heat-balanced system. This method is generally used by researchers in the piezoelectric field. The analytical model and the experimental data shows that the decrease of the power efficiency in a laminated composite is between 5% and 10% for a power density of 10 W/in³ (0.61 W/cm³) to 30 W/in³ (1.83 W/cm³). The failure mechanism/process of ME composites under high power density can be estimated/monitored by the proposed method for ME composites in practical applications. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Magnetoelectric Sensors: Theory, Design and Application)

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