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Applications of Antenna Technology in Sensors II

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A special issue of Sensors (ISSN 1424-8220). This special issue belongs to the section "Physical Sensors".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 31 December 2024 | Viewed by 10734

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Special Issue Editor

Dr. Pedro Pinho

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Guest Editor

1. Instituto Superior de Engenharia de Lisboa, Rua Conselheiro Emídio Navarro, 1, 1959-007 Lisboa, Portugal
2. Instituto de Telecomunicações, Campus Universitário de Santiago, Aveiro, Portugal
Interests: antennas; propagation; wireless power transfer
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Dear Colleagues,

Antenna sensors have attracted considerable interest in recent years, mainly in the area of wireless sensor networks (WSN), since this technology represents a promising area for both the present and immediate future. The possible use of such systems has a broad range of applications, such as for military, rescue, medical, environment or entertaining purposes. Depending on the application, the frequency range of operations could be extended from UHF up to mm-waves.

Moreover, in order to reach the goals envisioned by the Internet of Things concept, a new world of sensors must be developed, which should be much more immersive and embedded in day-by-day utilities and infrastructures. To do so, new design techniques and new materials can be explored for the development of these embedded sensors, with communication capability and low power of consumption. In this sense, it is important to develop a set of passive sensors integrated within different materials, such as cork, ceramics, paper, plastic, and/or fabrics, to be later applied in identification and detection applications.

To further promote the development of this area, we invite researchers to contribute with original research manuscripts, as well as review articles, focused on recent advances in design and also performance analysis of sensors based on antennas and their applications. Future research directions and open problems are also suggested.

Dr. Pedro Pinho
Guest Editor

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Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Sensors is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

antenna sensor
antennas in alternative material
antenna backscattering
batteryless wireless sensor
impedance-switching RFID
wearable RFID sensor
smart textiles
flexible sensor skin
body area network
dielectric sensor

Published Papers (5 papers)

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Research

15 pages, 2987 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Triple-Band Reconfigurable Monopole Antenna for Long-Range IoT Applications

by Muhammad Sani Yahya, Socheatra Soeung, Narinderjit Singh Sawaran Singh, Zainab Yunusa, Francis Emmanuel Chinda, Sharul Kamal Abdul Rahim, Umar Musa, Nursyarizal B. M. Nor, Cheab Sovuthy and Ghulam E. Mustafa Abro

Sensors 2023, 23(12), 5359; https://doi.org/10.3390/s23125359 - 06 Jun 2023

Cited by 7 | Viewed by 1874

Abstract

In this study, a novel reconfigurable triple-band monopole antenna for LoRa IoT applications is fabricated on an FR-4 substrate. The proposed antenna is designed to function at three distinct LoRa frequency bands: 433 MHz, 868 MHz, and 915 MHz covering the LoRa bands in Europe, America, and Asia. The antenna is reconfigurable by using a PIN diode switching mechanism, which allows for the selection of the desired operating frequency band based on the state of the diodes. The antenna is designed using CST MWS^® software 2019 and optimized for maximum gain, good radiation pattern and efficiency. The antenna with a total dimension of 80 mm × 50 mm × 0.6 mm (0.12

λ_{0} \times 0.07 λ_{0}

× 0.001

λ_{0}

at 433 MHz) has a gain of 2 dBi, 1.9 dBi, and 1.9 dBi at 433 MHz, 868 MHz, and 915 MHz, respectively, with an omnidirectional H-plane radiation pattern and a radiation efficiency above 90% across the three frequency bands. The fabrication and measurement of the antenna have been carried out, and the results of simulation and measurements are compared. The agreement among the simulation and measurement results confirms the design’s accuracy and the antenna’s suitability for LoRa IoT applications, particularly in providing a compact, flexible, and energy efficient communication solution for different LoRa frequency bands. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Applications of Antenna Technology in Sensors II)

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17 pages, 8822 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Design of Wideband High-Gain Patch Antenna Array for High-Temperature Applications

by Ruibo Li, Peng Li, Paolo Rocca, Aarón Ángel Salas Sánchez, Liwei Song, Xinghua Li, Wanye Xu and Zijiao Fan

Sensors 2023, 23(8), 3821; https://doi.org/10.3390/s23083821 - 08 Apr 2023

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 3400

Abstract

A low-profile, wideband, and high-gain antenna array, based on a novel double-H-shaped slot microstrip patch radiating element and robust against high temperature variations, is proposed in this work. The antenna element was designed to operate in the frequency range between 12 GHz and 18.25 GHz, with a 41.3% fractional bandwidth (FBW) and an obtained peak gain equal to 10.2 dBi. The planar array, characterized by a feed network with a flexible 1 to 16 power divider, comprised 4 × 4 antenna elements and generated a pattern with a peak gain of 19.1 dBi at 15.5 GHz. An antenna array prototype was fabricated, and the measurements showed good agreement with the numerical simulations as the manufactured antenna operated in the range of 11.4–17 GHz, with a 39.4% FBW, and the peak gain at 15.5 GHz was 18.7 dBi. The high-temperature simulated and experimental results, performed in a temperature chamber, demonstrated that the array performance was stable in a wide temperature range, from −50 °C to 150 °C. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Applications of Antenna Technology in Sensors II)

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16 pages, 22307 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Miniaturized On-Ground 2.4 GHz IoT LTCC Chip Antenna and Its Positioning on a Ground Plane

by Jaime Molins-Benlliure, Marta Cabedo-Fabrés, Eva Antonino-Daviu and Miguel Ferrando-Bataller

Sensors 2023, 23(6), 3007; https://doi.org/10.3390/s23063007 - 10 Mar 2023

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 2018

Abstract

This paper presents a very low-profile on-ground chip antenna with a total volume of 0.075

λ_{0}

× 0.056

λ_{0}

× 0.019

λ_{0}

(at f

_{0}

= 2.4 GHz). The proposed design is a corrugated (accordion-like) planar inverted F antenna (PIFA) [...] Read more.

This paper presents a very low-profile on-ground chip antenna with a total volume of 0.075

λ_{0}

× 0.056

λ_{0}

× 0.019

λ_{0}

(at f

_{0}

= 2.4 GHz). The proposed design is a corrugated (accordion-like) planar inverted F antenna (PIFA) embedded in low-loss glass ceramic material (DuPont GreenTape 9k7 with

ϵ_{r}

= 7.1 and

tan δ

= 0.0009) fabricated with LTCC technology. The antenna does not require a clearance area on the ground plane where the antenna is located, and it is proposed for 2.4 GHz IoT applications for extreme size-limited devices. It shows a 25 MHz impedance bandwidth (for S

_{11}

< −6 dB), which means a relative bandwidth of

1 %

). A study in terms of matching and total efficiency is performed for several size ground planes with the antenna installed at different positions. The use of characteristic modes analysis (CMA) and the correlation between modal and total radiated fields is performed to demonstrate the optimum position of the antenna. Results show high-frequency stability and a total efficiency difference of up to 5.3 dB if the antenna is not placed at the optimum position. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Applications of Antenna Technology in Sensors II)

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17 pages, 14124 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Coherently Radiating Periodic Structures for Feeding Concentric Rings Array with Reduced Number of Phase Shifters

by Brian Sanchez, Marco A. Panduro, David H. Covarrubias, Alberto Reyna and Elizvan Juárez

Sensors 2022, 22(23), 9528; https://doi.org/10.3390/s22239528 - 06 Dec 2022

Cited by 4 | Viewed by 1241

Abstract

This paper presents the application of CORPS (coherently radiating periodic structures) for feeding CRA (concentric rings array) with a reduced number of phase shifters. The proposed design technique for the structure of concentric rings provides a better scanning capability with respect to other existing configurations. This design technique utilizes 2 × 3 or 4 × 7 CORPS networks depending on the configuration or the number of antenna elements in the phased array system. These CORPS networks are set strategically in the feeding network to provide several advantages with respect to others in the scanning capability and the reduction of the number of phase shifters of the array system. The contribution of this paper is the full antenna system design of phased CRA for analyzing scanning and the reduction of phase shifters. The proposed phased array reduces the number of phase shifter devices in CRA for a scanning range of ±25° in the elevation plane. Differential evolution (DE) was applied to optimize the amplitudes of the proposed system. Several design cases were analyzed using full-wave simulation results to verify the phased array model and to take mutual coupling into account. Full-wave simulation results provide radiation patterns with low SLL in all scanning directions. The proposed phased array was validated by experimental measurements of the full antenna system prototype. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Applications of Antenna Technology in Sensors II)

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17 pages, 7173 KiB

Open AccessArticle

A New Scheme of Applying CORPS and Crossovers to Reduce the Number of Phase Shifters in Antenna Arrays

by Gilberto Calvillo, Marco A. Panduro, Brian Sanchez and Alberto Reyna

Sensors 2022, 22(21), 8207; https://doi.org/10.3390/s22218207 - 26 Oct 2022

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1179

Abstract

This paper presents a new scheme of applying CORPS (coherently radiating periodic structures) for reducing the number of phase shifters in linear antenna arrays. This scheme can be seen as a combination of the properties of two techniques: CORPS and butler. The proposed system applies an interleaving of several blocks of 2 × 3 CORPS networks. This interleaving of two stages of 2 × 3 CORPS networks is made in a convenient way to provide the required progressive phase for beam-scanning and the level of amplitude excitations necessary for achieving the radiation characteristics of low SLL. Interesting results are provided based on experimental measurements and full-wave simulations to analyze and evaluate the performance of the feeding network based on CORPS and the reduction capability of the number of phase shifters in the antenna system. The proposed design methodology achieves a reduction capability of 66% in the number of phase shifters used in linear antenna arrays. This reduction in the complexity of the antenna system is reached maintaining a peak SLL of −22 dB with scanning ranges of until ±25°. A good design option is provided to simplify the complexity of the feeding network in antenna array applications. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Applications of Antenna Technology in Sensors II)

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