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Advanced Optical Technologies for Communications, Perception, and Chips
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Advanced Optical Technologies for Communications, Perception, and Chips

A special issue of Sensors (ISSN 1424-8220). This special issue belongs to the section "Communications".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 30 June 2024 | Viewed by 7719

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Tianxu Xu

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
National Center for International Joint Research of Electronic Materials and Systems, School of Electrical and Information Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
Interests: optical imaging; optical sensing; computer vision
Dr. Kaiheng Zou

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
Interests: optical communications
Dr. Cong Liu

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
Interests: optical communication; quantum optics; nonlinear optics
Prof. Dr. Yang Yue

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
School of Information and Communications Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
Interests: intelligent photonics; optical communications; optical perception; optical chip
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

With the iterative upgrade and popular application of new information technologies such as 5G, cloud computing, big data, and artificial intelligence, the global data traffic and the demand for computing power has ushered in explosive growth. Traditional data transmission speed, information capacity and chip computing performance can no longer meet the processing needs of big data. Recent progress in optical technologies has highlighted a feasible development route for these contradictions. In particular, optical communication, optical perception, and optical chips are considered to be the most promising research directions in the future. At present, optical communication focuses on core technical issues, including larger bandwidth, lower latency, and smaller packet loss rate, to ensure that high-quality networks meet and support the development of new industries, such as 4K/8K live broadcast, VR/AR, and free-view video; optical perception technology has the advantages of convenient acquisition, low cost, and a large amount of information. With the continuous innovation of basic theory and analysis technology, researchers are devoted to developing the perception system, constructing a multi-dimensional image knowledge system, and promoting the development of image theory and application to a deeper level. As a design that closely matches the optical computing architecture and the artificial intelligence algorithm, optical chip has the advantages of high-speed parallelism and low power consumption and can solve many problems in the application fields such as long processing time and high power consumption. The above-mentioned research cover the core technologies in key fields to provide high speed, wide bandwidth, large volume and low power consumption.

This Special Issue focuses on the state-of-the-art advancements in optical technologies for communication, perception, and chips. Digital, electrical, and optical signal processing theories, artificial intelligence, integrated chips, devices, subsystems/systems, as well as future perspectives are all within the scope. Topics of interest include, but are not limited to, the following areas:

  • Active and passive optical devices;
  • Digital signal processing for sensing and communication;
  • Fiber optics;
  • Integrated optics;
  • Nonlinear photonics;
  • Optical AI: optical neural networking, neuromorphic;
  • Optical communications and networking;
  • Optical for 5G/6G;
  • Optical imaging and display;
  • Optical sensing and perception;
  • Optical signal processing;
  • Optoelectronic signal processing devices;
  • Semiconductor optical chips;
  • Signal processing for 3D/AR/VR.

Dr. Tianxu Xu
Dr. Kaiheng Zou
Dr. Cong Liu
Prof. Dr. Yang Yue
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Sensors is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • optical communications
  • optical computing
  • optical sensing
  • optical perception
  • optical chip
  • optical device
  • optical waveguide

Published Papers (6 papers)

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Research

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14 pages, 927 KiB  
Article
Enhancing Security in Visible Light Communication: A Tabu-Search-Based Method for Transmitter Selection
by Ge Shi, Wei Cheng, Xiang Gao, Fupeng Wei, Heng Zhang and Qingzheng Wang
Sensors 2024, 24(6), 1906; https://doi.org/10.3390/s24061906 - 16 Mar 2024
Viewed by 361
Abstract
In this paper, we explore the secrecy performance of a visible light communication (VLC) system consisting of distributed light-emitting diodes (LEDs) and multiple users (UEs) randomly positioned within an indoor environment while considering the presence of an eavesdropper. To enhance the confidentiality of [...] Read more.
In this paper, we explore the secrecy performance of a visible light communication (VLC) system consisting of distributed light-emitting diodes (LEDs) and multiple users (UEs) randomly positioned within an indoor environment while considering the presence of an eavesdropper. To enhance the confidentiality of the system, we formulate a problem of maximizing the sum secrecy rate for UEs by searching for an optimal LED for each UE. Due to the non-convex and non-continuous nature of this security maximization problem, we propose an LED selection algorithm based on tabu search to avoid getting trapped in local optima and expedite the search process by managing trial vectors from previous iterations. Moreover, we introduce three LED selection strategies with a low computational complexity. The simulation results demonstrate that the proposed algorithm achieves a secrecy performance very close to the global optimal value, with a gap of less than 1%. Additionally, the proposed strategies exhibit a performance gap of 28% compared to the global optimal. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Optical Technologies for Communications, Perception, and Chips)
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14 pages, 3074 KiB  
Article
A High-Capacity Optical Metro Access Network: Efficiently Recovering Fiber Failures with Robust Switching and Centralized Optical Line Terminal
by Rahat Ullah, Sibghat Ullah, Ahmad Almadhor, Hathal Salamah Alwageed, Abdullah A. Al-Atawi, Jianxin Ren and Shuaidong Chen
Sensors 2024, 24(4), 1074; https://doi.org/10.3390/s24041074 - 07 Feb 2024
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 627
Abstract
This study proposes and presents a new central office (CO) for the optical metro access network (OMAN) with an affordable and distinctive switching system. The CO’s foundation is built upon a novel optical multicarrier (OMC) generation technique. This technique provides numerous frequency carriers [...] Read more.
This study proposes and presents a new central office (CO) for the optical metro access network (OMAN) with an affordable and distinctive switching system. The CO’s foundation is built upon a novel optical multicarrier (OMC) generation technique. This technique provides numerous frequency carriers that are characterized by a high tone-to-noise ratio (TNR) of 40 dB and minimal amplitude excursions. The purpose is to accommodate multiple users at the optical network unit side in the optical metropolitan area network (OMAN). The OMC generation is achieved through a cascaded configuration involving a single phase and two Mach Zehnder modulators without incorporating optical or electrical amplifiers or filters. The proposed OMC is installed in the CO of the OMAN to support the 1.2 Tbps downlink and 600 Gbps uplink transmission, with practical bit error rate (BER) ranges from 10−3 to 10−13 for the downlink and 10−6 to 10−14 for the uplink transmission. Furthermore, in the OMAN’s context, optical fiber failure is a main issue. Therefore, we have proposed a possible solution for ensuring uninterrupted communication without any disturbance in various scenarios of main optical fiber failures. This demonstrates how this novel CO can rapidly recover transmission failures through robust switching a and centralized OLT. The proposed system is intended to provide users with a reliable and affordable service while maintaining high-quality transmission rates. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Optical Technologies for Communications, Perception, and Chips)
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12 pages, 5109 KiB  
Article
Optimizations of Double Titanium Nitride Thermo-Optic Phase-Shifter Heaters Using SOI Technology
by Eylon Eliyahu Krause and Dror Malka
Sensors 2023, 23(20), 8587; https://doi.org/10.3390/s23208587 - 19 Oct 2023
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1085
Abstract
A commercial thermo-optic phase shifter (TOPS) is an efficient solution to the imbalance problem in the fabrication process of Mach–Zehnder modulator (MZM) arms. The TOPS consumes electrical power and transforms it into thermal energy, which changes the real part of the effective refractive [...] Read more.
A commercial thermo-optic phase shifter (TOPS) is an efficient solution to the imbalance problem in the fabrication process of Mach–Zehnder modulator (MZM) arms. The TOPS consumes electrical power and transforms it into thermal energy, which changes the real part of the effective refractive index at the waveguide and adjusts the MZM transfer function to work in the linear region. The common model being used today is constructed with only one heater; however, this solution requires more electrical power, which can increase the transmitter system cost. To reduce the system energy cost, we propose a pioneering optimal double titanium nitride heater model under forward biasing at 1550 nm wavelength using the standard silicon-on-insulator technology. Numerical investigations were carried out on the key relative geometrical parameters, heat distribution at the silicon layer, thermal crosstalk, and laser wavelength drift. Results show that the optimal TOPS design can function with a low electrical power of 19.1 mW to achieve a π-phase shift, with a low thermal crosstalk of 0.404 and very low optical losses over 1 mm length. Thus, the proposed device can be used for improving the imbalance problem in MZMs with low electrical power consumption and low losses. This functionality can be utilized to obtain better performances in transmitter systems for data centers and long-range optical communication system applications. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Optical Technologies for Communications, Perception, and Chips)
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11 pages, 8655 KiB  
Article
Parabolic-Index Ring-Core Fiber Supporting High-Purity Orbital Angular Momentum Modes
by Yuanpeng Liu, Yingning Wang, Wenpu Geng, Wenqian Zhao, Hao Zhang, Weigang Zhang, Zhongqi Pan and Yang Yue
Sensors 2023, 23(7), 3641; https://doi.org/10.3390/s23073641 - 31 Mar 2023
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1445
Abstract
We design a graded-index ring-core fiber with a GeO2-doped silica ring core and SiO2 cladding. This fiber structure can inhibit the effect of spin-orbit coupling to mitigate the power transfer among different modes and eventually enhance the orbital angular momentum [...] Read more.
We design a graded-index ring-core fiber with a GeO2-doped silica ring core and SiO2 cladding. This fiber structure can inhibit the effect of spin-orbit coupling to mitigate the power transfer among different modes and eventually enhance the orbital angular momentum (OAM) mode purity. By changing the high-index ring core from the step-index to parabolic graded-index profile, the purity of the OAM1,1 mode can be improved from 86.48% to 94.43%, up by 7.95%. The proposed fiber features a flexible structure, which can meet different requirements for mode order, effective mode area, etc. Simulation results illustrate that the parabolic-index ring-core fiber is promising in enhancing the OAM mode purity, which could potentially reduce the channel crosstalk in mode-division-multiplexed optical communication systems. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Optical Technologies for Communications, Perception, and Chips)
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15 pages, 5688 KiB  
Article
Face Mask Identification Using Spatial and Frequency Features in Depth Image from Time-of-Flight Camera
by Xiaoyan Wang, Tianxu Xu, Dong An, Lei Sun, Qiang Wang, Zhongqi Pan and Yang Yue
Sensors 2023, 23(3), 1596; https://doi.org/10.3390/s23031596 - 01 Feb 2023
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1641
Abstract
Face masks can effectively prevent the spread of viruses. It is necessary to determine the wearing condition of masks in various locations, such as traffic stations, hospitals, and other places with a risk of infection. Therefore, achieving fast and accurate identification in different [...] Read more.
Face masks can effectively prevent the spread of viruses. It is necessary to determine the wearing condition of masks in various locations, such as traffic stations, hospitals, and other places with a risk of infection. Therefore, achieving fast and accurate identification in different application scenarios is an urgent problem to be solved. Contactless mask recognition can avoid the waste of human resources and the risk of exposure. We propose a novel method for face mask recognition, which is demonstrated using the spatial and frequency features from the 3D information. A ToF camera with a simple system and robust data are used to capture the depth images. The facial contour of the depth image is extracted accurately by the designed method, which can reduce the dimension of the depth data to improve the recognition speed. Additionally, the classification process is further divided into two parts. The wearing condition of the mask is first identified by features extracted from the facial contour. The types of masks are then classified by new features extracted from the spatial and frequency curves. With appropriate thresholds and a voting method, the total recall accuracy of the proposed algorithm can achieve 96.21%. Especially, the recall accuracy for images without mask can reach 99.21%. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Optical Technologies for Communications, Perception, and Chips)
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Review

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30 pages, 4848 KiB  
Review
A Review of Hybrid VLC/RF Networks: Features, Applications, and Future Directions
by Lisandra Bravo Alvarez, Samuel Montejo-Sánchez, Lien Rodríguez-López, Cesar Azurdia-Meza and Gabriel Saavedra
Sensors 2023, 23(17), 7545; https://doi.org/10.3390/s23177545 - 30 Aug 2023
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1762
Abstract
The expectation for communication systems beyond 5G/6G is to provide high reliability, high throughput, low latency, and high energy efficiency services. The integration between systems based on radio frequency (RF) and visible light communication (VLC) promises the design of hybrid systems capable of [...] Read more.
The expectation for communication systems beyond 5G/6G is to provide high reliability, high throughput, low latency, and high energy efficiency services. The integration between systems based on radio frequency (RF) and visible light communication (VLC) promises the design of hybrid systems capable of addressing and largely satisfying these requirements. Hybrid network design enables complementary cooperation without interference between the two technologies, thereby increasing the overall system data rate, improving load balancing, and reducing non-coverage areas. VLC/RF hybrid networks can offer reliable and efficient communication solutions for Internet of Things (IoT) applications such as smart lighting, location-based services, home automation, smart healthcare, and industrial IoT. Therefore, hybrid VLC/RF networks are key technologies for next-generation communication systems. In this paper, a comprehensive state-of-the-art study of hybrid VLC/RF networks is carried out, divided into four areas. First, indoor scenarios are studied considering lighting requirements, hybrid channel models, load balancing, resource allocation, and hybrid network topologies. Second, the characteristics and implementation of these hybrid networks in outdoor scenarios with adverse conditions are analyzed. Third, we address the main applications of hybrid VLC/RF networks in technological, economic, and socio-environmental domains. Finally, we outline the main challenges and future research lines of hybrid VLC/RF networks. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Optical Technologies for Communications, Perception, and Chips)
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