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Sensors
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Microwave and Millimeter Wave Antenna Sensors: Architectures, Applications and Challenges
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Microwave and Millimeter Wave Antenna Sensors: Architectures, Applications and Challenges

A special issue of Sensors (ISSN 1424-8220). This special issue belongs to the section "Physical Sensors".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 30 June 2024 | Viewed by 2038

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Rusan Kumar Barik

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Engineering Optimization & Modeling Center, Department of Engineering, Reykjavik University, 101 Reykjavik, Iceland
Interests: substrate integrated waveguide-based components, microwave and millimeter wave antenna; reconfigurable antenna; microwave and millimeter wave passive devices; SIW-based sensors; optimization; microfluidic tunable devices and complementary resonators
Dr. Nrusingha Charan Pradhan

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Engineering Optimization & Modeling Center, Department of Engineering, Reykjavik University, 101 Reykjavik, Iceland
Interests: SIW based circuits and antennas; additive manufacturing of RF circuits and antennas; fludically reconfigurable devices; RF energy harvesting and wireless power transfer

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The fast proliferation of antenna-based sensors have been employed in every industry sector, including consumer electronics, information technology, automotive, health, and telecommunications. They are also essential for developments in environment monitoring, agroforestry, digital agriculture, aquaculture, and other fields. In recent years, there has been a significant increase in the demand for microwave or millimeter wave antenna sensors for such applications. Several design challenges are associated with the design of microwave and millimeter wave antenna sensors such as antenna architecture and miniaturization, operating frequency bands, ease fabrication, smaller footprint, low cost, ease of integration, high sensitivity, accuracy, and antenna measurement. This Special Issue intends to present advanced antenna sensors for microwave and millimeter wave applications. It mainly focuses on new antenna architecture, design methodologies, miniaturization techniques, and single and multi-functional operations.

Potential topics include but are not limited to the following:

  • Microwave and millimeter wave antenna;
  • Substrate integrated waveguide antenna structures;
  • Metamaterials and metasurface antenna sensors;
  • Microstrip printed antenna techniques;
  • Phased-array antenna design;
  • Reconfigurable antenna structures;
  • MIMO antenna design for wearable devices;
  • Optimization and modeling;
  • Dielectric characterization;
  • Antenna measurement.

Dr. Rusan Kumar Barik
Dr. Nrusingha Charan Pradhan
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Sensors is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Published Papers (3 papers)

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Research

18 pages, 8409 KiB  
Article
Discussion and Demonstration of RF-MEMS Attenuators Design Concepts and Modules for Advanced Beamforming in the Beyond-5G and 6G Scenario—Part 1
by Girolamo Tagliapietra, Flavio Giacomozzi, Massimiliano Michelini, Romolo Marcelli, Giovanni Maria Sardi and Jacopo Iannacci
Sensors 2024, 24(7), 2308; https://doi.org/10.3390/s24072308 - 05 Apr 2024
Viewed by 361
Abstract
This paper describes different variants of broadband and simple attenuator modules for beamforming applications, based on radio frequency micro electro-mechanical systems (RF-MEMS), framed within coplanar waveguide (CPW) structures. The modules proposed in the first part of this work differ in their actuation voltage, [...] Read more.
This paper describes different variants of broadband and simple attenuator modules for beamforming applications, based on radio frequency micro electro-mechanical systems (RF-MEMS), framed within coplanar waveguide (CPW) structures. The modules proposed in the first part of this work differ in their actuation voltage, topology, and desired attenuation level. Fabricated samples of basic 1-bit attenuation modules, characterized by a moderate footprint of 690 × 1350 µm2 and aiming at attenuation levels of −2, −3, and −5 dB in the 24.25–27.5 GHz range, are presented in their variants featuring both low actuation voltages (5–9 V) as well as higher values (~45 V), the latter ones ensuring larger mechanical restoring force (and robustness against stiction). Beyond the fabrication non-idealities that affected the described samples, the substantial agreement between simulations and measurement outcomes proved that the proposed designs could provide precise attenuation levels up to 40 GHz, ranging up to nearly −3 dB and −5 dB for the series and shunt variants, respectively. Moreover, they could be effective building blocks for future wideband and reconfigurable RF-MEMS attenuators. In fact, in the second part of this work, combinations of the discussed cells and other configurations meant for larger attenuation levels are investigated. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Microwave and Millimeter Wave Antenna Sensors: Architectures, Applications and Challenges)
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17 pages, 4739 KiB  
Communication
Highly Sensitive Microwave Sensors Based on Open Complementary Square Split-Ring Resonator for Sensing Liquid Materials
by Chandu Ds, K. B. S. Sri Nagini, Rusan Kumar Barik and Slawomir Koziel
Sensors 2024, 24(6), 1840; https://doi.org/10.3390/s24061840 - 13 Mar 2024
Viewed by 510
Abstract
This paper presents high-sensitivity sensors based on an open complementary square split-ring resonator and a modified open complementary split-ring resonator operating at 4.5 GHz and 3.4 GHz, respectively. The sensors are designed for the detection of multiple liquid materials, including distilled water, methanol, [...] Read more.
This paper presents high-sensitivity sensors based on an open complementary square split-ring resonator and a modified open complementary split-ring resonator operating at 4.5 GHz and 3.4 GHz, respectively. The sensors are designed for the detection of multiple liquid materials, including distilled water, methanol, and ethanol. The liquid under test is filled in a glass container loaded using a pipette. Compared to the conventional OCSSRR, the modified OCSSRR with multiple rings exhibits a higher frequency shift of 1200 MHz, 1270 MHz, and 1520 MHz for ethanol, methanol, and distilled water, respectively. The modified sensor also demonstrates a high sensitivity of 308 MHz/RIU for ethanol concentration which is the highest among the existing microwave sensors. The sensors in this manuscript are suitable for multiple liquid-material-sensing applications. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Microwave and Millimeter Wave Antenna Sensors: Architectures, Applications and Challenges)
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22 pages, 12439 KiB  
Communication
UWB Antenna with Enhanced Directivity for Applications in Microwave Medical Imaging
by Dawar Awan, Shahid Bashir, Shahid Khan, Samir Salem Al-Bawri and Mariana Dalarsson
Sensors 2024, 24(4), 1315; https://doi.org/10.3390/s24041315 - 18 Feb 2024
Viewed by 730
Abstract
Microwave medical imaging (MMI) is experiencing a surge in research interest, with antenna performance emerging as a key area for improvement. This work addresses this need by enhancing the directivity of a compact UWB antenna using a Yagi-Uda-inspired reflector antenna. The proposed reflector-loaded [...] Read more.
Microwave medical imaging (MMI) is experiencing a surge in research interest, with antenna performance emerging as a key area for improvement. This work addresses this need by enhancing the directivity of a compact UWB antenna using a Yagi-Uda-inspired reflector antenna. The proposed reflector-loaded antenna (RLA) exhibited significant gain and directivity improvements compared to a non-directional reference antenna. When analyzed for MMI applications, the RLA showed a maximum increase of 4 dBi in the realized gain and of 14.26 dB in the transmitted field strength within a human breast model. Moreover, it preserved the shape of time-domain input signals with a high correlation factor of 94.86%. To further validate our approach, another non-directional antenna with proven head imaging capabilities was modified with a reflector, achieving similar directivity enhancements. The combined results demonstrate the feasibility of RLAs for improved performance in MMI systems. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Microwave and Millimeter Wave Antenna Sensors: Architectures, Applications and Challenges)
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