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Atmospheric Precipitation Sensors

A special issue of Sensors (ISSN 1424-8220). This special issue belongs to the section "Remote Sensors".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 30 September 2024 | Viewed by 772

Special Issue Editors


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Guest Editor
Department of Civil, Chemical and Environmental Engineering (DICCA), University of Genova, 1 Montallegro, 16145 Genova, GE, Italy
Interests: hydrology; accuracy of atmospheric precipitation measurements; fluid dynamics and environmental engineering; pluvial flooding; sustainable urban drainage
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Guest Editor
National Research Council of Italy—Institute of Atmospheric Sciences and Climate (CNR—ISAC), 7, 00185 Roma, Italy
Interests: ground validation studies of precipitation; disdrometers and particle size distributions; retrieval techniques from radar and in situ devices
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Recently, Sensors dedicated a Special Issue to rain sensor technologies and applications, collecting several papers on various aspects such as sensor calibration, uncertainty assessment, standardization, and validation. The papers dealt with conventional in situ or remote sensing devices and new technologies.

The present Special Issue on “Atmospheric Precipitation Sensors” aims at continuing the collection of papers related to rain sensors while enlarging its coverage to include solid and mixed precipitation measurement instruments. The goal of this Special Issue is to provide the readership with an understanding of operating principles, accuracy assessment, state of the art, applications, and future trends of precipitation devices. Precipitation (both liquid and solid) is a key element in the water cycle, and its measurement and monitoring are crucial for the management of water resources, flood forecasting, numeric weather prediction, erosion and climate studies, etc. Furthermore, assessing the role of possible climate trends in modifying the frequency and intensity of precipitation events must be based on accurate information about the distribution and variability of precipitation at the global scale and on a long-term basis. Despite its relevance, the ability to measure precipitation, in particular snowfall and hail events, is still somewhat inadequate.

We invite contributions to this Special Issue in the form of articles reporting research about precipitation sensors technologies including measurement principles, network operation, raw data processing (i.e., rainfall or snowfall rate improvements, hydrometeors classification, hail detection, microphysical information retrievals, etc.), calibration, uncertainty assessment, standardization, and validation. Papers regarding in situ and remote sensing devices (ground based and on spaceborne or aircraft platforms) as well as new technologies or opportunistic sensors are welcome. Papers are also invited on the analysis of measured precipitation time series (either on an event or a long-term basis) and of precipitation characteristics and variability (at the local, regional or global scale).     

Dr. Arianna Cauteruccio
Dr. Elisa Adirosi
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Sensors is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • traditional atmospheric precipitation sensors
  • disdrometers
  • rain sensors
  • snow sensors
  • opportunistic sensors
  • weather radar
  • satellite-borne sensors
  • in situ and remote atmospheric precipitation measurements
  • satellite vs. ground validation studies
  • severe storms analysis, interpretation and nowcasting
  • liquid/solid precipitation microphysical parameters
  • quantitative precipitation estimation
  • data quality
  • climate records
  • urban-scale monitoring
  • sensor networking
  • artificial intelligence and multi-sensor big data
  • hail detection
  • microwave propagation
  • rain fading
  • meteorology
  • climatology
  • hydrology
  • agriculture
  • water management
  • environmental monitoring

Published Papers (1 paper)

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Research

21 pages, 4278 KiB  
Article
Performance of the Thies Clima 3D Stereo Disdrometer: Evaluation during Rain and Snow Events
by Sabina Angeloni, Elisa Adirosi, Alessandro Bracci, Mario Montopoli and Luca Baldini
Sensors 2024, 24(5), 1562; https://doi.org/10.3390/s24051562 - 28 Feb 2024
Viewed by 530
Abstract
Imaging disdrometers are widely used in field campaigns to provide information on the shape of hydrometeors, together with the diameter and the fall velocity, which can be used to derive information on the shape–size relations of hydrometeors. However, due to their higher price [...] Read more.
Imaging disdrometers are widely used in field campaigns to provide information on the shape of hydrometeors, together with the diameter and the fall velocity, which can be used to derive information on the shape–size relations of hydrometeors. However, due to their higher price compared to laser disdrometers, their use is limited to scientific research purposes. The 3D stereo (3DS) is a commercial imaging disdrometer recently made available by Thies Clima and on which there are currently no scientific studies in the literature. The most innovative feature of the 3DS is its ability in capturing images of the particles passing through the measurement volume, crucial to provide an accurate classification of hydrometeors based on information about their shape, especially in the case of solid precipitation. In this paper. the performance of the new device is analyzed by comparing 3DS with the Laser Precipitation Monitor (LPM) from the same manufacturer, which is a known laser disdrometer used in many research works. The data used in this paper were obtained from measurements of the two instruments carried out at the Casale Calore site in L’Aquila during the CORE-LAQ (Combined Observations of Radar Experiments in L’Aquila) campaign. The objective of the comparison analysis is to analyze the differences between the two disdrometers in terms of hydrometeor classification, number and falling speed of particles, precipitation intensity, and total cumulative precipitation on an event basis. As regards the classification of precipitation, the two instruments are in excellent agreement in identifying rain and snow; greater differences are observed in the case of particles in mixed phase (rain and snow) or frozen phase (hail). Due to the different measurement area of the two disdrometers, the 3DS generally detects more particles than the LPM. The performance differences also depend on the size of the hydrometeors and are more significant in the case of small particles, i.e., D < 1 mm. In the case of rain events, the two instruments are in agreement with respect to the terminal velocity in still air predicted by the Gunn and Kinzer model for drops with a diameter of less than 3 mm, while, for larger particles, terminal velocity is underestimated by both the disdrometers. The agreement between the two instruments in terms of total cumulative precipitation per event is very good. Regarding the 3DS ability to capture images of hydrometeors, the raw data provide, each minute, from one to four images of single particles and information on their size and type. Their number and coarse resolution make them suitable to support only qualitative analysis of the shape of precipitating particles. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Atmospheric Precipitation Sensors)
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