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Photonics
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Optical Diagnostics
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Optical Diagnostics

A special issue of Photonics (ISSN 2304-6732).

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (30 April 2023) | Viewed by 11733

Special Issue Editor

Dr. Kanwarpal Singh

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Max Planck Institute for the Science of Light, 291058 Erlangen, Germany
Interests: optical coherence tomography; endoscopy; confocal microscopy; hyperspectral imaging

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Light has been around since the beginning, long before humans evolved to use it for seeing things. No wonder that past civilizations have used it as an effective tool to identify abnormalities, may it be related to an industrial application or related to a biological one.  After all, seeing is the most direct way for us humans to interact with the environment around us. Over the past few decades, optical diagnostic techniques have seen exponential growth which can be attributed to the development of powerful light sources, smart detectors, waveguides and modern computers with enormous processing power. A combination of all these accessories has allowed researchers to develop powerful optical diagnostic techniques for high power laser processing, metrology, fluid mechanics, etc in industry and for microscopy, endoscopy, spectroscopy, etc in the health sector. There is a wide spectrum of techniques such as wide-field imaging, confocal imaging, phase-contrast imaging, molecular (Raman) imaging, optical coherence tomography, Doppler imaging, photoacoustic imaging, super-resolution microscopy, diffuse optical tomography and many more.

The special issue on optical diagnostics will focus on presenting the current state-of-the-art optical imaging techniques both for industrial as well as medical applications. Researchers are invited to submit their contributions to this Special Issue. Topics include, but are not limited to:

  • Widefield imaging
  • Confocal imaging
  • Phase-contrast imaging
  • Molecular (Raman) imaging
  • Optical coherence tomography,
  • Doppler imaging,
  • Photoacoustic imaging,
  • Super-resolution microscopy,
  • Diffuse optical tomography
  • Hyperspectral imaging

The submitted article can relate to either the development of the technique itself or its applications.

Dr. Kanwarpal Singh
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Photonics is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2400 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Published Papers (6 papers)

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Research

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12 pages, 2201 KiB  
Article
Dynamic Microscopic Optical Coherence Tomography as a New Diagnostic Tool for Otitis Media
by Anke Leichtle, Zuzana Penxova, Thorge Kempin, David Leffers, Martin Ahrens, Peter König, Ralf Brinkmann, Gereon Hüttmann, Karl-Ludwig Bruchhage and Hinnerk Schulz-Hildebrandt
Photonics 2023, 10(6), 685; https://doi.org/10.3390/photonics10060685 - 13 Jun 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1501
Abstract
Hypothesis: Otitis media (OM) can be successfully visualized and diagnosed by dynamic microscopic optical coherence tomography (dmOCT). Background: OM is one of the most common infectious diseases and, according to the WHO, one of the leading health problems with high mortality in developing [...] Read more.
Hypothesis: Otitis media (OM) can be successfully visualized and diagnosed by dynamic microscopic optical coherence tomography (dmOCT). Background: OM is one of the most common infectious diseases and, according to the WHO, one of the leading health problems with high mortality in developing countries. Despite intensive research, the only definitive treatment of therapy-refractory OM for decades has been the surgical removal of inflamed tissue. Thereby, the intra-operative diagnosis is limited to the surgeon’s visual impression. Supportive imaging modalities have been little explored and have not found their way into clinical application. Finding imaging techniques capable of identifying inflamed tissue intraoperatively, therefore, is of significant clinical relevance. Methods: This work investigated a modified version of optical coherence tomography with a microscopic resolution (mOCT) regarding its ability to differentiate between healthy and inflamed tissue. Despite its high resolution, the differentiation of single cells with mOCT is often impossible. A new form of mOCT termed dynamic mOCT (dmOCT) achieves cellular contrast using micro-movements within cells based on their metabolism. It was used in this study to establish correlative measurements with histology. Results: Using dmOCT, images with microscopic resolution were acquired on ex vivo tissue samples of chronic otitis media and cholesteatoma. Imaging with dmOCT allowed the visualization of specific and characteristic cellular and subcellular structures in the cross-sectional images, which can be identified only to a limited extent in native mOCT. Conclusion: We demonstrated for the first time a new marker-free visualization in otitis media based on intracellular motion using dmOCT. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Optical Diagnostics)
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11 pages, 8758 KiB  
Communication
A Case Report on Skin Sebum Extraction Using High Lateral Resolution Spectral-Domain Optical Coherence Tomography
by Jannat Amrin Luna, Sm Abu Saleah, Hyunmo Kim, Dongwan Kang, Daewoon Seong, Yoonseok Kim, Hayoung Kim, Ruchire Eranga Wijesinghe, Jeehyun Kim and Mansik Jeon
Photonics 2023, 10(1), 30; https://doi.org/10.3390/photonics10010030 - 27 Dec 2022
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 1614
Abstract
Pores are the microscopic openings in the skin that emit oils and sweat. Pores can appear larger due to acne, sun damage, or increased sebum production, a waxy and oily substance that causes oily skin. Investigating and extracting sebum from facial pores is [...] Read more.
Pores are the microscopic openings in the skin that emit oils and sweat. Pores can appear larger due to acne, sun damage, or increased sebum production, a waxy and oily substance that causes oily skin. Investigating and extracting sebum from facial pores is essential for treating skin issues as the enlargement of the pores causes higher susceptibility of the skin to microbe aggressions and inflammatory reactions. In this study, we assessed the volumetric size of pores before and after the sebum extraction using spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT). To properly estimate the volume of the sebum before and after extraction, multiple cross-sectional OCT images were selected. The area of a single pixel was calculated from the OCT images using the scanning range. Furthermore, an algorithm was developed to use the pixel area to calculate the full volumetric size of the skin pore. This research illustrates the use of a high-resolution microscopic analysis using SD-OCT in dermatological research and can operate as a guideline for future research investigations in evaluating non-destructively wounded tissue analysis, underlying skin biochemistry, and facial statistical approaches in skin parameters for moisturizer treatment. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Optical Diagnostics)
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7 pages, 10927 KiB  
Communication
A Proposal to Perform High Contrast Imaging of Human Palatine Tonsil with Cross Polarized Optical Coherence Tomography
by Gargi Sharma, Asha Parmar, Franziska Hoffmann, Katharina Geißler, Ferdinand von Eggeling, Orlando Guntinas-Lichius and Kanwarpal Singh
Photonics 2022, 9(4), 259; https://doi.org/10.3390/photonics9040259 - 13 Apr 2022
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1740
Abstract
The palatine tonsils provide the first line of immune defense against foreign pathogens inhaled or ingested. However, a disruption in the epithelial layer within the tonsil crypts can lead to recurrent acute tonsillitis (RAT). Current imaging techniques suffer from poor resolution and contrast [...] Read more.
The palatine tonsils provide the first line of immune defense against foreign pathogens inhaled or ingested. However, a disruption in the epithelial layer within the tonsil crypts can lead to recurrent acute tonsillitis (RAT). Current imaging techniques suffer from poor resolution and contrast and do not allow a classification of the severity of RAT. We have developed a cross-polarized optical coherence tomography system. The system can detect a change in the polarization of the light after the light-tissue interaction. We demonstrate improved resolution and contrast in tonsil imaging with the developed method. Intensity, as well as retardance images of the excised tonsil tissue, were acquired. Features such as crypt epithelium, lymphoid follicles, and dense connective tissue were observed with improved contrast. Cross polarized optical coherence tomography can be a valuable tool in the clinic to evaluate palatine tonsils as it would allow visualizing common tonsil features without the need for any external contrast agent. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Optical Diagnostics)
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8 pages, 1631 KiB  
Communication
Cross-Polarized Optical Coherence Tomography System with Unpolarized Light
by Georg R. Hartl, Asha Parmar, Gargi Sharma and Kanwarpal Singh
Photonics 2022, 9(2), 76; https://doi.org/10.3390/photonics9020076 - 29 Jan 2022
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 2772
Abstract
Cross-polarized optical coherence tomography offers improved contrast for samples which can alter the polarization of light when it interacts with the sample. This property has been utilized to screen pathological conditions in several organs. Existing cross-polarized optical coherence tomography systems require several polarization-controlling [...] Read more.
Cross-polarized optical coherence tomography offers improved contrast for samples which can alter the polarization of light when it interacts with the sample. This property has been utilized to screen pathological conditions in several organs. Existing cross-polarized optical coherence tomography systems require several polarization-controlling elements to minimize the optical fiber movement-related image artifacts. In this work, we demonstrate a cross-polarized optical coherence tomography system using unpolarized light and only two quarter-wave plates, which is free from fiber-induced image artifacts. The simplicity of the approach will find many applications in clinical settings. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Optical Diagnostics)
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Review

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12 pages, 1681 KiB  
Review
Optical Diagnostics in Herpetic Keratitis
by Federico Di Staso, Daria Rullo, Mariachiara Di Pippo, Silvio Di Staso and Solmaz Abdolrahimzadeh
Photonics 2023, 10(4), 349; https://doi.org/10.3390/photonics10040349 - 23 Mar 2023
Viewed by 1405
Abstract
One of the leading global causes of vision impairment due to anterior segment disease is herpes simplex keratitis (HSK). The routine clinical method in the diagnosis of HSK is examination of the eye using slit lamp biomicroscopy; nevertheless, this is a subjective examination [...] Read more.
One of the leading global causes of vision impairment due to anterior segment disease is herpes simplex keratitis (HSK). The routine clinical method in the diagnosis of HSK is examination of the eye using slit lamp biomicroscopy; nevertheless, this is a subjective examination and can potentially lead to an erroneous diagnosis. Optical devices such as in vivo confocal microscopy and anterior segment optical coherence tomography are among the additional diagnostic tools that provide a valuable resource in the diagnosis and management of the condition. In research settings, these technologies have already enhanced our understanding of the microscopic causes of numerous common in vivo observations. This review aims to highlight the multiple emerging clinical and research applications for optical imaging devices in HSK. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Optical Diagnostics)
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13 pages, 302 KiB  
Review
Swept-Source Optical Coherence Tomography-Based Biometry: A Comprehensive Overview
by Alfredo Borgia, Raffaele Raimondi, Tania Sorrentino, Francesco Santoru, Matilde Buzzi, Vittorio Borgia, Vincenzo Scorcia and Giuseppe Giannaccare
Photonics 2022, 9(12), 951; https://doi.org/10.3390/photonics9120951 - 09 Dec 2022
Cited by 6 | Viewed by 1869
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to summarize the results related to ocular biometry performed using swept-source optical coherence tomography (SS-OCT). A literature search was conducted to search articles reporting the clinical outcomes of patients who underwent examinations with commercially available SS-OCT machines. [...] Read more.
The purpose of this study was to summarize the results related to ocular biometry performed using swept-source optical coherence tomography (SS-OCT). A literature search was conducted to search articles reporting the clinical outcomes of patients who underwent examinations with commercially available SS-OCT machines. The available data were thoroughly analyzed, with a particular focus on all the biometric factors used to calculate the power of intraocular lenses (IOLs) implanted during cataract surgery. The agreement, repeatability, and reproducibility of several parameters among different devices were examined. The variations found for parameters obtained from agreement testing were evaluated in order to promote the interchangeability of devices. Swept-source optical coherence tomography biometers usually produce highly repeatable and reproducible results. The excellent results obtained led us to the conclusion that optical biometers based on SS-OCT technology will probably take the lead in ocular biometry. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Optical Diagnostics)
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