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Photochem
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Synthesis and Application of Titania (TiO2)
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Synthesis and Application of Titania (TiO2)

A special issue of Photochem (ISSN 2673-7256).

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (30 April 2022) | Viewed by 12283

Special Issue Editor

Dr. Olga Sacco

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Chemistry and Biology "A.Zambelli", University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II 132, 84084 Fisciano, SA, Italy
Interests: synthesis and characterization of catalytic materials; phosphors-based nanomaterials; nanostructured photocatalysts and supports; photocatalysis for the removal of pollutants from water and wastewater; membrane separation processes
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

In recent years, titanium dioxide (TiO2) semiconductors have received much attention as a material for photocatalytic application. Unfortunately, TiO2, which is an excellent photocatalyst under UV light, has very limited capability for visible light absorption. In order to promote light absorption in the visible range, many techniques have been examined, such as TiO2 doping with metal or non-metal ions. In particular, successful results have been obtained by doping TiO2 with nitrogen (N-doped TiO2). This might be useful for environmental and energy applications, such as photocatalytic degradation of organic pollutants, solar cells, sensors, and water-splitting reactions. However, there is still some controversy regarding whether this doping is beneficial to the photocatalytic process, as well as whether the synthetic methods, which are not well stabilized yet, can provide an opportunity to clarify certain aspects in this field.

This Special Issue is focused on the “Synthesis and Application of Titania (N-TiO2)”, featuring state-of-the-art research in this field. Research papers related to the synthesis and characterization of novel TiO2 nanomaterials or TiO2 nanocomposites and their applications are welcome in this Special Issue.

Dr. Olga Sacco
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Photochem is an international peer-reviewed open access quarterly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 1000 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • N-TiO2
  • nanomaterials
  • nanocomposites
  • synthesis
  • characterization
  • UV and visible light
  • solar light
  • photocatalysis
  • solar cells
  • sensors
  • water-splitting reactions

Published Papers (3 papers)

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Review

24 pages, 4347 KiB  
Review
Photocatalyzed Production of Urea as a Hydrogen–Storage Material by TiO2–Based Materials
by Felipe Matamala-Troncoso, Mauricio Isaacs and César Sáez-Navarrete
Photochem 2022, 2(3), 539-562; https://doi.org/10.3390/photochem2030038 - 15 Jul 2022
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 2854
Abstract
This review analyzes the photocatalyzed urea syntheses by TiO2–based materials. The most outstanding works in synthesizing urea from the simultaneous photocatalyzed reduction of carbon dioxide and nitrogen compounds are reviewed and discussed. Urea has been widely used in the agricultural industry [...] Read more.
This review analyzes the photocatalyzed urea syntheses by TiO2–based materials. The most outstanding works in synthesizing urea from the simultaneous photocatalyzed reduction of carbon dioxide and nitrogen compounds are reviewed and discussed. Urea has been widely used in the agricultural industry as a fertilizer. It represents more than 50% of the nitrogen fertilizer market, and its global demand has increased more than 100 times in the last decades. In energy terms, urea has been considered a hydrogen–storage (6.71 wt.%) and ammonia–storage (56.7 wt.%) compound, giving it fuel potential. Urea properties meet the requirements of the US Department of Energy for hydrogen–storage substances, meanly because urea crystalizes, allowing storage and safe transportation. Conventional industrial urea synthesis is energy–intensive (3.2–5.5 GJ ton−1) since it requires high pressures and temperatures, so developing a photocatalyzed synthesis at ambient temperature and pressure is an attractive alternative to conventional synthesis. Due to the lack of reports for directly catalyzed urea synthesis, this review is based on the most prominent works. We provide details of developed experimental set–ups, amounts of products reported, the advantages and difficulties of the synthesis, and the scope of the technological and energetic challenges faced by TiO2–based photocatalyst materials used for urea synthesis. The possibility of scaling photocatalysis technology was evaluated as well. We hope this review invites exploring and developing a technology based on clean and renewable energies for industrial urea production. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Synthesis and Application of Titania (TiO2))
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40 pages, 6780 KiB  
Review
Nitrogen Doped Titanium Dioxide (N-TiO2): Synopsis of Synthesis Methodologies, Doping Mechanisms, Property Evaluation and Visible Light Photocatalytic Applications
by Thillai Sivakumar Natarajan, Velusamy Mozhiarasi and Rajesh J. Tayade
Photochem 2021, 1(3), 371-410; https://doi.org/10.3390/photochem1030024 - 18 Oct 2021
Cited by 40 | Viewed by 6163
Abstract
Titanium dioxide (TiO2) is one of the stable and potential metal oxide semiconductor nanomaterials with flexible properties which allows them to be used in a variety of applications (i.e., environmental remediation, energy storage and production, and also as a pigment in [...] Read more.
Titanium dioxide (TiO2) is one of the stable and potential metal oxide semiconductor nanomaterials with flexible properties which allows them to be used in a variety of applications (i.e., environmental remediation, energy storage and production, and also as a pigment in personal care products, etc.). However, its low surface area, poor adsorption capacity and high bandgap energy (~3.2 eV) prevents its full potency. Especially, TiO2 with high bandgap (~3.2 eV) reduces its visible light absorption capacity and catalytic efficiency. Various modification processes (i.e., metal and non-metal doping, composite materials (mixed metal oxide, high surface area adsorbents), and dye sensitization etc.) have been accomplished for stimulating the characteristics of TiO2 and the associated catalytic efficiency. Among the modifications, the non-metal doping process in TiO2, specifically nitrogen doping, is one of the efficient dopants for enhancing the photocatalytic efficiency of TiO2 in the presence of visible light irradiation. However, the morphology of TiO2, structural changes in TiO2 during N-doping, properties (e.g., morphology and electronic) of N-doped TiO2 and also reaction operational parameters (e.g., doping concentration) hold a greater impact for enhancing the photocatalytic properties of TiO2 either positively or negatively. Furthermore, the synthesis methodologies have a major influence on the synthesis of stable N-TiO2 with pronounced photocatalytic efficiencies. Nevertheless, the methodologies for highly stable N-TiO2 synthesis, properties evaluation and their correlation with photocatalytic efficiencies are still not appropriately stabilized to accomplish the commercial utilization of N-TiO2. Therefore, this review article focuses on the synopsis of various synthesis methodologies and either their efficiencies or inefficiencies, the mechanism involved in the doping processes, changes in the structural, electronic and morphological properties observed due to the N-doping along with the photocatalytic capacity. Furthermore, the opportunities, challenges and future requirements linked to the development of durable N-doped TiO2-based semiconductor nanomaterials for efficient catalytic performance is also represented. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Synthesis and Application of Titania (TiO2))
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15 pages, 1912 KiB  
Review
Catalytic Composite Systems Based on N-Doped TiO2/Polymeric Materials for Visible-Light-Driven Pollutant Degradation: A Mini Review
by Olga Sacco, Vincenzo Venditto, Stefania Pragliola and Vincenzo Vaiano
Photochem 2021, 1(3), 330-344; https://doi.org/10.3390/photochem1030021 - 1 Oct 2021
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 2409
Abstract
This mini review summarizes the preparation and testing of polymeric composites with a N-doped TiO2 photocatalyst to effectively design a photocatalytic system for water pollutant degradation under visible light. In detail, the various N-doped TiO2/polymer composites reported in the literature [...] Read more.
This mini review summarizes the preparation and testing of polymeric composites with a N-doped TiO2 photocatalyst to effectively design a photocatalytic system for water pollutant degradation under visible light. In detail, the various N-doped TiO2/polymer composites reported in the literature are briefly discussed along with some examples dealing with the use of N-doped TiO2 particles, both supported on the external surface of polymers and dispersed within the structure of visible-light-transparent polymeric aerogels. Finally, the scope for future works and challenges for the commercialization of such materials are highlighted. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Synthesis and Application of Titania (TiO2))
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