Technologies for the Development of Next Generation Adjuvanted Vaccines

A special issue of Pharmaceutics (ISSN 1999-4923). This special issue belongs to the section "Biologics and Biosimilars".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (28 February 2021) | Viewed by 17142

Special Issue Editor


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Guest Editor
Nuffield Department of Medicine, The Jenner Institute, University of Oxford, Old Road Campus Research Building, Headington OX3 7DQ, UK
Interests: vaccine adjuvants and mechanism of action; single-dose vaccines; malaria vaccine development; adjuvant-induced inflammation pathways

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The recent global emergence of infectious disease outbreaks has emphasized the critical need for novel strategies to combat the spread of a pathogen. In the age of subunit vaccine platforms, the advancement of new technologies that can generate a potent immune response while retaining a good safety profile is a pre-requisite for the development of next generation vaccines.

Vaccine adjuvants can be a powerful tool in new vaccine development, both for established and for emerging pathogens, enabling us to address issues such as subpopulations with impaired immune responses, or the need for vaccine dose-sparing. Adjuvants are often classified into delivery systems and immunopotentiators. However, it is becoming increasingly clear that in the future, most advantageous vaccine formulations will need to combine both qualities: optimal cell targeting for vaccine uptake and the appropriate stimulation of the immune system to induce a lasting and effective response.

This Special Issue focuses on novel technologies addressing vaccines and adjuvant formulation and delivery, the use of advanced (multicomponent) adjuvants, controlled antigen release approaches and the routes of administration. It also includes process development for the scaling up of manufacturing, and the considerations of the key attributes of vaccine development in a pandemic scenario.

Dr. Anita Milicic
Guest Editor

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Keywords

  • novel vaccine adjuvants
  • vaccine carriers
  • vaccine/adjuvant formulation
  • immune mechanisms
  • adjuvants for different population groups
  • micro- and nano-technologies
  • process development for scaling up

Published Papers (3 papers)

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Research

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17 pages, 2099 KiB  
Article
Applying Microfluidics for the Production of the Cationic Liposome-Based Vaccine Adjuvant CAF09b
by Signe Tandrup Schmidt, Dennis Christensen and Yvonne Perrie
Pharmaceutics 2020, 12(12), 1237; https://doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics12121237 - 19 Dec 2020
Cited by 9 | Viewed by 4245
Abstract
Subunit vaccines require particulate adjuvants to induce the desired immune responses. Pre-clinical manufacturing methods of adjuvants are often batch dependent, which complicates scale-up for large-scale good manufacturing practice (GMP) production. The cationic liposomal adjuvant CAF09b, composed of dioctadecyldimethylammonium bromide (DDA), monomycoloyl glycerol analogue [...] Read more.
Subunit vaccines require particulate adjuvants to induce the desired immune responses. Pre-clinical manufacturing methods of adjuvants are often batch dependent, which complicates scale-up for large-scale good manufacturing practice (GMP) production. The cationic liposomal adjuvant CAF09b, composed of dioctadecyldimethylammonium bromide (DDA), monomycoloyl glycerol analogue 1 (MMG) and polyinosinic:polycytidylic acid [poly(I:C)], is currently being clinically evaluated in therapeutic cancer vaccines. Microfluidics is a promising new method for large-scale manufacturing of particle-based medicals, which is scalable from laboratory to GMP production, and a protocol for production of CAF09b by this method was therefore validated. The influence of the manufacture parameters [Ethanol] (20–40% v/v), [Lipid] (DDA and MMG, 6–12 mg/mL) and dimethyl sulfoxide [DMSO] (0–10% v/v) on the resulting particle size, colloidal stability and adsorption of poly(I:C) was evaluated in a design-of-experiments study. [Ethanol] and [DMSO] affected the resulting particle sizes, while [Lipid] and [DMSO] affected the colloidal stability. In all samples, poly(I:C) was encapsulated within the liposomes. At [Ethanol] 30% v/v, most formulations were stable at 21 days of manufacture with particle sizes <100 nm. An in vivo comparison in mice of the immunogenicity to the cervical cancer peptide antigen HPV-16 E7 adjuvanted with CAF09b prepared by lipid film rehydration or microfluidics showed no difference between the formulations, indicating adjuvant activity is intact. Thus, it is possible to prepare suitable formulations of CAF09b by microfluidics. Full article
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Review

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19 pages, 8752 KiB  
Review
Cationic Nanoparticle-Based Cancer Vaccines
by Jeroen Heuts, Wim Jiskoot, Ferry Ossendorp and Koen van der Maaden
Pharmaceutics 2021, 13(5), 596; https://doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics13050596 - 21 Apr 2021
Cited by 19 | Viewed by 4852
Abstract
Cationic nanoparticles have been shown to be surprisingly effective as cancer vaccine vehicles in preclinical and clinical studies. Cationic nanoparticles deliver tumor-associated antigens to dendritic cells and induce immune activation, resulting in strong antigen-specific cellular immune responses, as shown for a wide variety [...] Read more.
Cationic nanoparticles have been shown to be surprisingly effective as cancer vaccine vehicles in preclinical and clinical studies. Cationic nanoparticles deliver tumor-associated antigens to dendritic cells and induce immune activation, resulting in strong antigen-specific cellular immune responses, as shown for a wide variety of vaccine candidates. In this review, we discuss the relation between the cationic nature of nanoparticles and the efficacy of cancer immunotherapy. Multiple types of lipid- and polymer-based cationic nanoparticulate cancer vaccines with various antigen types (e.g., mRNA, DNA, peptides and proteins) and adjuvants are described. Furthermore, we focus on the types of cationic nanoparticles used for T-cell induction, especially in the context of therapeutic cancer vaccination. We discuss different cationic nanoparticulate vaccines, molecular mechanisms of adjuvanticity and biodistribution profiles upon administration via different routes. Finally, we discuss the perspectives of cationic nanoparticulate vaccines for improving immunotherapy of cancer. Full article
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29 pages, 2518 KiB  
Review
Rational Vaccine Design in Times of Emerging Diseases: The Critical Choices of Immunological Correlates of Protection, Vaccine Antigen and Immunomodulation
by Virgil Schijns, Dragomira Majhen, Peter van der Ley, Aneesh Thakur, Artur Summerfield, Rita Berisio, Cristina Nativi, Alberto Fernández-Tejada, Carmen Alvarez-Dominguez, Sveinbjörn Gizurarson, Alla Zamyatina, Antonio Molinaro, Camillo Rosano, Žiga Jakopin, Ihsan Gursel and Siobhán McClean
Pharmaceutics 2021, 13(4), 501; https://doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics13040501 - 06 Apr 2021
Cited by 16 | Viewed by 7573
Abstract
Vaccines are the most effective medical intervention due to their continual success in preventing infections and improving mortality worldwide. Early vaccines were developed empirically however, rational design of vaccines can allow us to optimise their efficacy, by tailoring the immune response. Establishing the [...] Read more.
Vaccines are the most effective medical intervention due to their continual success in preventing infections and improving mortality worldwide. Early vaccines were developed empirically however, rational design of vaccines can allow us to optimise their efficacy, by tailoring the immune response. Establishing the immune correlates of protection greatly informs the rational design of vaccines. This facilitates the selection of the best vaccine antigens and the most appropriate vaccine adjuvant to generate optimal memory immune T cell and B cell responses. This review outlines the range of vaccine types that are currently authorised and those under development. We outline the optimal immunological correlates of protection that can be targeted. Finally we review approaches to rational antigen selection and rational vaccine adjuvant design. Harnessing current knowledge on protective immune responses in combination with critical vaccine components is imperative to the prevention of future life-threatening diseases. Full article
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