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Pharmaceuticals
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20th Anniversary of Pharmaceuticals—Green Techniques for Organic and Organometallic/Coordination Synthesis...
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20th Anniversary of Pharmaceuticals—Green Techniques for Organic and Organometallic/Coordination Synthesis and Medicinal Chemistry

A special issue of Pharmaceuticals (ISSN 1424-8247). This special issue belongs to the section "Medicinal Chemistry".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (25 April 2024) | Viewed by 5935

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Mafalda Cruz Sarraguca

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
LAQV-REQUIMTE, Departamento de Ciências Químicas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, Rua Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
Interests: mechanochemistry; deep eutectic solvents; green chemistry; pharmaceutical formulations; crystal engineering; multivariate data analysis
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Clara Gomes

E-Mail Website1 Website2
Guest Editor
LAQV-REQUIMTE, Departamento de Química, Faculdade Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Campus de Caparica, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal
Interests: mechanochemistry; coordination/organometallic chemistry; crystallography; supramolecular chemistry; homogeneous catalysis; green chemistry; crystal engineering; non-covalent interactions
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Throughout the years, creating a safer, greener world has been a challenge. The constant global increasing population and necessities, production requirements, and consumption per capita, are all impacting the way we produce, create, and evolve. The pharmaceutical and chemical industries represent a big part of our evolution, creating new ways to make humanity prosper by improving health; however, the mandatory world necessities are making these sectors unable to meet greener and ecologically safer solutions. Green Chemistry (GC) represents a new method aimed at making chemistry environmentally friendly and advantageous for the evolution of the pharmaceutical and chemistry industry.

The main aim of this Special Issue "Green Techniques for Organic and Organometallic/Coordination Synthesis and Medicinal Chemistry." is to create an open forum where scientists can share their research and discoveries in this promising field and increase their visibility as well as create opportunities for interaction with industries and production systems. The contributions to this Special Issue, in the form of original research or review articles, may cover all aspects of the synthesis of organic and coordination compounds as well as medicinal chemistry using green chemistry approaches.

Dr. Mafalda Cruz Sarraguca
Dr. Clara Gomes
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Pharmaceuticals is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2900 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • green chemistry
  • medicinal chemistry
  • organometallic synthesis
  • coordination synthesis
  • organic synthesis

Published Papers (4 papers)

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Research

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15 pages, 4531 KiB  
Article
Pyrrole-Doped Polydopamine-Pyrrole (PDA-nPY) Nanoparticles with Tunable Size and Improved NIR Absorption for Photothermal Therapy
by Yuan He, Ziyang Li, Huiling Su, Yanan Sun, Wei Shi, Yunfeng Yi, Dongtao Ge and Zhongxiong Fan
Pharmaceuticals 2023, 16(12), 1642; https://doi.org/10.3390/ph16121642 - 23 Nov 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1076
Abstract
Polydopamine (PDA) as a melanin-like biomimetic material with excellent biocompatibility, full spectrum light absorption capacity and antioxidation property has been extensively applied in the biomedical field. Based on the high reactivity of dopamine (DA), exploiting new strategies to fabricate novel PDA-based nano-biomaterials with [...] Read more.
Polydopamine (PDA) as a melanin-like biomimetic material with excellent biocompatibility, full spectrum light absorption capacity and antioxidation property has been extensively applied in the biomedical field. Based on the high reactivity of dopamine (DA), exploiting new strategies to fabricate novel PDA-based nano-biomaterials with controllable size and improved performance is valuable and desirable. Herein, we reported a facile way to synthesize pyrrole-doped polydopamine-pyrrole nanoparticles (PDA-nPY NPs) with tunable size and enhanced near-infrared (NIR) absorption capacity through self-oxidative polymerization of DA with PY in an alkaline ethanol/H2O/NH4OH solution. The PDA-nPY NPs maintain excellent biocompatibility and surface reactivity as PDA. By regulating the volume of added PY, PDA-150PY NPs with a smaller size (<100 nm) and four-fold higher absorption intensity at 808 nm than that of PDA can be successfully fabricated. In vitro and in vivo experiments effectively further demonstrate that PDA-150PY NPs can effectively inhibit tumor growth and completely thermally ablate a tumor. It is believed that these PY doped PDA-nPY NPs can be a potential photothermal (PT) agent in biomedical application. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue 20th Anniversary of Pharmaceuticals—Green Techniques for Organic and Organometallic/Coordination Synthesis and Medicinal Chemistry)
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Review

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37 pages, 15612 KiB  
Review
Evolution of the Quinoline Scaffold for the Treatment of Leishmaniasis: A Structural Perspective
by Carlos F. M. Silva, Diana C. G. A. Pinto, Pedro A. Fernandes and Artur M. S. Silva
Pharmaceuticals 2024, 17(3), 285; https://doi.org/10.3390/ph17030285 - 22 Feb 2024
Viewed by 672
Abstract
Since the beginning of the XXI century, Leishmaniasis has been integrated into the World Health Organization’s list of the 20 neglected tropical diseases, being considered a public health issue in more than 88 countries, especially in the tropics, subtropics, and the Mediterranean area. [...] Read more.
Since the beginning of the XXI century, Leishmaniasis has been integrated into the World Health Organization’s list of the 20 neglected tropical diseases, being considered a public health issue in more than 88 countries, especially in the tropics, subtropics, and the Mediterranean area. Statistically, this disease presents a world prevalence of 12 million cases worldwide, with this number being expected to increase shortly due to the 350 million people considered at risk and the 2–2.5 million new cases appearing every year. The lack of an appropriate and effective treatment against this disease has intensified the interest of many research groups to pursue the discovery and development of novel treatments in close collaboration with the WHO, which hopes to eradicate it shortly. This paper intends to highlight the quinoline scaffold’s potential for developing novel antileishmanial agents and provide a set of structural guidelines to help the research groups in the medicinal chemistry field perform more direct drug discovery and development programs. Thus, this review paper presents a thorough compilation of the most recent advances in the development of new quinoline-based antileishmanial agents, with a particular focus on structure–activity relationship studies that should be considerably useful for the future of the field. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue 20th Anniversary of Pharmaceuticals—Green Techniques for Organic and Organometallic/Coordination Synthesis and Medicinal Chemistry)
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28 pages, 3635 KiB  
Review
How Can Deep Eutectic Systems Promote Greener Processes in Medicinal Chemistry and Drug Discovery?
by Luis Domingues, Ana Rita C. Duarte and Ana Rita Jesus
Pharmaceuticals 2024, 17(2), 221; https://doi.org/10.3390/ph17020221 - 07 Feb 2024
Viewed by 914
Abstract
Chemists in the medicinal chemistry field are constantly searching for alternatives towards more sustainable and eco-friendly processes for the design and synthesis of drug candidates. The pharmaceutical industry is one of the most polluting industries, having a high E-factor, which is driving the [...] Read more.
Chemists in the medicinal chemistry field are constantly searching for alternatives towards more sustainable and eco-friendly processes for the design and synthesis of drug candidates. The pharmaceutical industry is one of the most polluting industries, having a high E-factor, which is driving the adoption of more sustainable processes not only for new drug candidates, but also in the production of well-established active pharmaceutical ingredients. Deep eutectic systems (DESs) have emerged as a greener alternative to ionic liquids, and their potential to substitute traditional organic solvents in drug discovery has raised interest among scientists. With the use of DESs as alternative solvents, the processes become more attractive in terms of eco-friendliness and recyclability. Furthermore, they might be more effective through making the process simpler, faster, and with maximum efficiency. This review will be focused on the role and application of deep eutectic systems in drug discovery, using biocatalytic processes and traditional organic chemical reactions, as new environmentally benign alternative solvents. Furthermore, herein we also show that DESs, if used in the pharmaceutical industry, may have a significant effect on lowering production costs and decreasing the impact of this industry on the quality of the environment. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue 20th Anniversary of Pharmaceuticals—Green Techniques for Organic and Organometallic/Coordination Synthesis and Medicinal Chemistry)
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28 pages, 2573 KiB  
Review
A Comprehensive Review on Deep Eutectic Solvents and Its Use to Extract Bioactive Compounds of Pharmaceutical Interest
by Cátia Ferreira and Mafalda Sarraguça
Pharmaceuticals 2024, 17(1), 124; https://doi.org/10.3390/ph17010124 - 18 Jan 2024
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 2016
Abstract
The extraction of bioactive compounds of pharmaceutical interest from natural sources has been significantly explored in recent decades. However, the extraction techniques used were not very efficient in terms of time and energy consumption; additionally, the solvents used for the extraction were harmful [...] Read more.
The extraction of bioactive compounds of pharmaceutical interest from natural sources has been significantly explored in recent decades. However, the extraction techniques used were not very efficient in terms of time and energy consumption; additionally, the solvents used for the extraction were harmful for the environment. To improve the environmental impact of the extractions and at the same time increase the extraction yields, several new extraction techniques were developed. Among the most used ones are ultrasound-assisted extraction and microwave-assisted extraction. These extraction techniques increased the yield and selectivity of the extraction in a smaller amount of time with a decrease in energy consumption. Nevertheless, a high volume of organic solvents was still used for the extraction, causing a subsequent environmental problem. Neoteric solvents appeared as green alternatives to organic solvents. Among the neoteric solvents, deep eutectic solvents were evidenced to be one of the best alternatives to organic solvents due to their intrinsic characteristics. These solvents are considered green solvents because they are made up of natural compounds such as sugars, amino acids, and carboxylic acids having low toxicity and high degradability. In addition, they are simple to prepare, with an atomic economy of 100%, with attractive physicochemical properties. Furthermore, the huge number of compounds that can be used to synthesize these solvents make them very useful in the extraction of bioactive compounds since they can be tailored to be selective towards a specific component or class of components. The main aim of this paper is to give a comprehensive review which describes the main properties, characteristics, and production methods of deep eutectic solvents as well as its application to extract from natural sources bioactive compounds with pharmaceutical interest. Additionally, an overview of the more recent and sustainable extraction techniques is also given. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue 20th Anniversary of Pharmaceuticals—Green Techniques for Organic and Organometallic/Coordination Synthesis and Medicinal Chemistry)
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