Nano-, Submicro- and Micro-Encapsulation of Bioactive Compounds with Applications in Food and Agriculture

A special issue of Nanomaterials (ISSN 2079-4991). This special issue belongs to the section "Synthesis, Interfaces and Nanostructures".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 January 2024) | Viewed by 1379

Special Issue Editors


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Guest Editor
Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain
Interests: lipid oxidation; omega-3 fatty acids; emulsions; nano-microencapsulation; delivery systems; emulsifiers; antioxidants; spray-drying; electrospraying
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E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain
Interests: bioactive compounds; omega-3 fatty acids; antioxidants; lipid oxidation; stabilization processes; spray-drying; nano-microencapsulation
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

A current focus of the food industry is the design of functional and sustainable food that can amend an unbalanced diet, and thus, improve human health and prevent diseases. Research in the area has led to the discovery and characterization of bioactive ingredients (e.g., omega-3 fatty acids, vitamins, antioxidants, probiotics, and peptides) that significantly benefit human health. Likewise, the agriculture industry has developed an increasing interest in the use of biofungicides, biopesticides, and biofertilizers that contain active ingredients (e.g., microorganisms) and/or additives (e.g., protein hydrolysates). Nevertheless, the chemical stability and targeted release of these active ingredients during processing, storage, and digestion/application is a challenge faced by both of these industries. To overcome these challenges, bioactive compounds are commonly encapsulated, which: 1) minimizes their degradation by oxygen, heat, moisture, enzymes, and light; 2) masks unpleasant odors, tastes, or colors; and 3) controls their release under specific conditions.

This Special Issue focuses on the nano-, submicro- and microencapsulation of bioactive compounds with applications in food and agriculture. In particular, it will cover research topics dealing with encapsulation techniques such as electrospraying, electrospinning, nanoemulsions, nanoliposomes, spray-drying, spray-chilling, and coacervation. We welcome reviews and research studies on novel aspects of formulation engineering, processing-variable optimization, the comparison of nano- and microencapsulation techniques, and advanced methods for the physical and chemical characterization of encapsulates, as well as works investigating the release of core ingredients and the application of encapsulates.

Dr. Pedro J. Garcia-Moreno
Prof. Dr. Emilia M. Guadix
Guest Editors

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Keywords

  • encapsulation
  • antioxidants
  • probiotics
  • peptides
  • nanoemulsions
  • nanoliposomes
  • spray-drying
  • chemical stability
  • controlled release
  • functional food
  • biofungicides
  • biopesticides
  • biofertilizers

Published Papers (2 papers)

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Research

14 pages, 2950 KiB  
Article
Encapsulation of Tenebrio molitor Hydrolysate with DPP-IV Inhibitory Activity by Electrospraying and Spray-Drying
by Carmen Berraquero-García, Lydia Martínez-Sánchez, Emilia M. Guadix and Pedro J. García-Moreno
Nanomaterials 2024, 14(10), 840; https://doi.org/10.3390/nano14100840 (registering DOI) - 10 May 2024
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Abstract
This study investigates the encapsulation of Tenebrio molitor hydrolysate exhibiting DPP-IV inhibitory activity by spray-drying and electrospraying techniques. First, we optimized the feed formulation and processing conditions required to obtain nano-microcapsules by electrospraying when using Arabic gum as an encapsulating agent and pullulan [...] Read more.
This study investigates the encapsulation of Tenebrio molitor hydrolysate exhibiting DPP-IV inhibitory activity by spray-drying and electrospraying techniques. First, we optimized the feed formulation and processing conditions required to obtain nano-microcapsules by electrospraying when using Arabic gum as an encapsulating agent and pullulan and Tween 20 as additives. The optimum formulation was also dried by spray-drying, where the removal of the additives was also assayed. Morphology analysis reveals that electrosprayed capsules have a smaller size (1.2 ± 0.5 µm vs. 12.4 ± 8.7 µm) and greater uniformity compared to those obtained by spray-drying. Regarding the surface nitrogen content and DPP-IV inhibitory activity, our results show no significant difference between the electrosprayed capsules and spray-dried capsules containing additives (IC50 of ~1.5 mg protein/mL). Therefore, it was concluded that adding additives during spray-drying allows for a similar encapsulation efficiency and reduced degradation during processing, as achieved by electrospraying technique but providing higher productivity. On the other hand, spray-dried capsules without additives displayed a higher surface nitrogen content percentage, which was mainly due to the absence of Tween 20 in the feed formulation. Consequently, these capsules presented a higher IC50 value (IC50 of 1.99 ± 0.03 mg protein/mL) due to the potential degradation of surface-exposed peptides. Full article
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20 pages, 3860 KiB  
Article
Ethyl Cellulose-Core, OSA Starch-Shell Electrosprayed Microcapsules Enhance the Oxidative Stability of Loaded Fish Oil
by Elnaz Z. Fallahasghari, Peter Reimer Stubbe, Ioannis S. Chronakis and Ana C. Mendes
Nanomaterials 2024, 14(6), 510; https://doi.org/10.3390/nano14060510 - 12 Mar 2024
Viewed by 789
Abstract
The encapsulation and the oxidative stability of cod liver fish oil (CLO) within coaxial electrosprayed (ethyl cellulose/CLO) core–(octenyl succinic anhydride, OSA-modified starch) shell, and monoaxial electrosprayed ethyl cellulose/CLO microcapsules were investigated. Core–shell (H-ECLO) and monoaxial (ECLO) electrosprayed microcapsules with an average diameter of [...] Read more.
The encapsulation and the oxidative stability of cod liver fish oil (CLO) within coaxial electrosprayed (ethyl cellulose/CLO) core–(octenyl succinic anhydride, OSA-modified starch) shell, and monoaxial electrosprayed ethyl cellulose/CLO microcapsules were investigated. Core–shell (H-ECLO) and monoaxial (ECLO) electrosprayed microcapsules with an average diameter of 2.8 ± 1.8 µm, and 2.2 ± 1.4 µm, respectively, were produced. Confocal microscopy confirmed not only the core–shell structure of the H-ECLO microcapsules, but also the location of the CLO in the core. However, for the ECLO microcapsules, the CLO was distributed on the microcapsules’ surface, as also confirmed by Raman spectroscopy. Atomic force microscopy showed that the average surface adhesion of the H-ECLO microcapsules was significantly lower (5.41 ± 0.31 nN) than ECLO microcapsules (18.18 ± 1.07 nN), while the H-ECLO microcapsules showed a remarkably higher Young’s modulus (33.84 ± 4.36 MPa) than the ECLO microcapsules (6.64 ± 0.84 MPa). Differential scanning calorimetry results confirmed that the H-ECLO microcapsules enhanced the oxidative stability of encapsulated CLO by about 15 times, in comparison to non-encapsulated oil, mainly by preventing the presence of the fish oil at the surface of the microcapsules, while ECLO microcapsules enhanced the oxidative stability of CLO about 2.9 times due to the hydrophobic interactions of the oil and ethyl cellulose. Furthermore, the finite element method was also used to evaluate the electric field strength distribution, which was substantially higher in the vicinity of the collector and lower in the proximity of the nozzle when the coaxial electrospray process was employed in comparison to the monoaxial process. Full article
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