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Minerals
Special Issues
Marine Minerals: From Genesis to Resources
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Marine Minerals: From Genesis to Resources

A special issue of Minerals (ISSN 2075-163X).

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 July 2016) | Viewed by 18710

Special Issue Editor

Prof. Dr. Andrea Koschinsky-Fritsche

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Physics and Earth Sciences, Jacobs University, 28759 Bremen, Germany
Interests: deep-sea mining: resource and environmental issues; high-tech elements in marine ferromanganese crusts and nodules; solution-particle surface reactions of heavy metals; trace metals and their chemical speciation in seawater; geochemistry of hydrothermal fluids; geo-bio interactions in marine systems; environmental geochemistry

Special Issue Information

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Minerals is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2400 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • Deep-sea mining
  • Ferromanganese nodules (manganese nodules)
  • Ferromanganese crusts (cobalt crusts)
  • Seafloor massive sulfide/sulfate deposits
  • Hydrothermal oxide deposits
  • Phosphorite
  • Barite
  • Critical metals
  • Rare earth elements
  • Environmental Studies
  • Marine minerals processing
  • Diamonds
  • Placer deposits

Published Papers (2 papers)

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Research

19136 KiB  
Article
Marine Phosphorites as Potential Resources for Heavy Rare Earth Elements and Yttrium
by James R. Hein, Andrea Koschinsky, Mariah Mikesell, Kira Mizell, Craig R. Glenn and Ray Wood
Minerals 2016, 6(3), 88; https://doi.org/10.3390/min6030088 - 29 Aug 2016
Cited by 55 | Viewed by 9845
Abstract
Marine phosphorites are known to concentrate rare earth elements and yttrium (REY) during early diagenetic formation. Much of the REY data available are decades old and incomplete, and there has not been a systematic study of REY distributions in marine phosphorite deposits that [...] Read more.
Marine phosphorites are known to concentrate rare earth elements and yttrium (REY) during early diagenetic formation. Much of the REY data available are decades old and incomplete, and there has not been a systematic study of REY distributions in marine phosphorite deposits that formed over a range of oceanic environments. Consequently, we initiated this study to determine if marine phosphorite deposits found in the global ocean host REY concentrations of high enough grade to be of economic interest. This paper addresses continental-margin (CM) and open-ocean seamount phosphorites. All 75 samples analyzed are composed predominantly of carbonate fluorapatite and minor detrital and authigenic minerals. CM phosphorites have low total REY contents (mean 161 ppm) and high heavy REY (HREY) complements (mean 49%), while seamount phosphorites have 4–6 times higher individual REY contents (except for Ce, which is subequal; mean ΣREY 727 ppm), and very high HREY complements (mean 60%). The predominant causes of higher concentrations and larger HREY complements in seamount phosphorites compared to CM phosphorites are age, changes in seawater REY concentrations over time, water depth of formation, changes in pH and complexing ligands, and differences in organic carbon content in the depositional environments. Potential ore deposits with high HREY complements, like the marine phosphorites analyzed here, could help supply the HREY needed for high-tech and green-tech applications without creating an oversupply of the LREY. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Marine Minerals: From Genesis to Resources)
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3625 KiB  
Article
Composition and Formation of Gabbro-Peridotite Hosted Seafloor Massive Sulfide Deposits from the Ashadze-1 Hydrothermal Field, Mid-Atlantic Ridge
by Anna Firstova, Tamara Stepanova, Georgy Cherkashov, Alexey Goncharov and Svetlana Babaeva
Minerals 2016, 6(1), 19; https://doi.org/10.3390/min6010019 - 08 Mar 2016
Cited by 22 | Viewed by 8031
Abstract
This paper presents mineralogical and geochemical data on seafloor massive sulfides (SMS) from the Ashadze-1 hydrothermal field at the Mid-Atlantic Ridge (MAR). The Ashadze-1 deposit is associated with the uplifted lower crust and upper mantle (oceanic core complex, OCC) of the MAR segment [...] Read more.
This paper presents mineralogical and geochemical data on seafloor massive sulfides (SMS) from the Ashadze-1 hydrothermal field at the Mid-Atlantic Ridge (MAR). The Ashadze-1 deposit is associated with the uplifted lower crust and upper mantle (oceanic core complex, OCC) of the MAR segment characterized by asymmetric mode of accretion. The OCC is represented by deep-seated gabbro-peridotite rocks exhumed on the rift valley slope along the detachment fault, during seafloor spreading. Hydrothermal processes in OCC environments result in different deposit composition and morphology compared to basalt-hosted systems. Abundant chimneys and enrichment in particular metals, including copper, zinc, gold, cobalt and tin are typical for this type of SMS deposit. The Ashadze-1 deposit is considered an example of a hydrothermal system in the initial stage of evolution marked by the young age of the sulfides (<7.2 kyr). The mineralogy of Ashadze-1 reflects primary ore-forming processes unaffected by post formation alteration. We propose a model for the primary ore-forming hydrothermal process in an ultramafic-hosted environment on the modern seafloor. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Marine Minerals: From Genesis to Resources)
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