Mineralogy, Geochemistry, and Origin of Uranium and Thorium Mineralization

A special issue of Minerals (ISSN 2075-163X). This special issue belongs to the section "Mineral Deposits".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (12 January 2024) | Viewed by 1072

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Institute of Rock Structure and Mechanics, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czech Republic
Interests: mineralogy; geochemistry; petrology
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Dear Colleagues,

Uranium and thorium are naturally occurring, slightly radioactive elements that are widely distributed in nature, especially in different rock types, including granitic rocks, sandstones, conglomerates, and different shales. In general, uranium and thorium occur in relatively small numbers of economically interesting minerals, including uraninite, coffinite, carnotite, monazite, and bastnaesite. The main uranium mineralization of economic interest is represented by unconformity-related mineralization, shear-zone, vein hydrothermal deposits, and sedimentary ore deposits evolved in sandstones, quartz-pebble conglomerates, and black shales. The thorium mineralization is represented predominantly by monazite-enriched placer deposits. Although extensive studies have been carried in these uranium and thorium deposits, several important mechanisms of origin and evolution of these deposits remain unelucidated, including those underlying the detailed ore-forming processes, the enrichment of uranium and thorium in different geological processes, and their genetic relationship. To better understand the origin of uranium and thorium ore deposits, this Special Issue could present new advances in mineralogy, geochemistry, and the origin of uranium thorium deposits, their ore prospecting methods, and the use of new analytical methods and or different experimental studies. The aim of this Special Issue is the presentation of new mineralogical and geochemical studies that could provide a comprehensive understanding of the origin and evolution of different uranium and thorium ore deposits.

Dr. Miloš René
Guest Editor

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Keywords

  • mineralogy
  • geochemistry
  • uraninite
  • coffinite
  • carnotite
  • monazite

Published Papers (1 paper)

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Research

16 pages, 3380 KiB  
Article
Mineralogical and Geochemical Evidence for the Origin of the DL Uranium Deposit in the Songliao Basin, Northeast China
by Jialin Liu, Mingkuan Qin, Shaohua Huang, Zhangyue Liu and Liangliang Zhang
Minerals 2024, 14(2), 149; https://doi.org/10.3390/min14020149 - 30 Jan 2024
Viewed by 781
Abstract
The DL deposit is a typical tabular-shaped U deposit hosted in sandstones of the Upper Cretaceous Yaojia Formation in the southwestern Songliao Basin, northeast China. Owing to its recent discovery, the origin of the deposit remains unclear. In this study, mineralogical and geochemical [...] Read more.
The DL deposit is a typical tabular-shaped U deposit hosted in sandstones of the Upper Cretaceous Yaojia Formation in the southwestern Songliao Basin, northeast China. Owing to its recent discovery, the origin of the deposit remains unclear. In this study, mineralogical and geochemical data were used to constrain the genesis of the DL deposit. Two sources of U were recognized: (1) pre-ore U enrichment in the Yaojia Formation during diagenesis; and (2) the provenance of the Yaojia Formation, which comprises late Permian–Early Cretaceous granitic rocks from the southern Great Xing’an Range and northern margin of the North China Craton, rather than the oils and diabase dikes in the study area. Mineralogical and geochemical characteristics indicate that organic matter (OM) in the Yaojia Formation was derived mainly from plant debris and hydrocarbons. In situ S isotope data for pyrite from the ore-bearing sandstones show that most of the pyrite has similar δ34S values (−43.8‰ to −20.6‰) to those of pyrite associated with bacterial sulfate reduction (BSR). The pyrite is often typically replaced and/or overgrown by pitchblende, which has a high P2O5 content (0.07–1.64 wt.%), indicative of a genetic relationship between BSR and U mineralization. The geological, mineralogical, and geochemical features suggest that the U mineralization in the DL deposit was mainly associated with BSR. Full article
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