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Editorial for Special Issue “Distribution of Major- and Trace-Elements in Igneous Minerals”

by José F. Molina

Minerals 2021, 11(9), 942; https://doi.org/10.3390/min11090942 - 29 Aug 2021

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Abstract

Since the pioneering work of Goldschmidt [...] Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Distribution of Major- and Trace-Elements in Igneous Minerals)

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19 pages, 3338 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Origin of S-, A- and I-Type Granites: Petrogenetic Evidence from Whole Rock Th/U Ratio Variations

by Anette Regelous, Lars Scharfenberg and Helga De Wall

Minerals 2021, 11(7), 672; https://doi.org/10.3390/min11070672 - 24 Jun 2021

Cited by 10 | Viewed by 5720

Abstract

The origin and evolution of granites remain a matter of debate and several approaches have been made to distinguish between different granite types. Overall, granite classification schemes based on element concentrations and ratios, tectonic settings or the source rocks (I-, A-, S-type) are [...] Read more.

The origin and evolution of granites remain a matter of debate and several approaches have been made to distinguish between different granite types. Overall, granite classification schemes based on element concentrations and ratios, tectonic settings or the source rocks (I-, A-, S-type) are widely used, but so far, no systematic large-scale study on Th/U ratio variations in granites based on their source or tectonic setting has been carried out, even though these elements show very similar behavior during melting and subsequent processes. We therefore present a compiled study, demonstrating an easy approach to differentiate between S-, A- and I-type granites using Th and U concentrations and ratios measured with a portable gamma ray spectrometer. Th and U concentrations from 472 measurements in S- and I-type granites from the Variscan West-Bohemian Massif, Germany, and 78 measurements from Neoproterozoic A-type Malani granites, India, are evaluated. Our compendium shows significant differences in the average Th/U ratios of A-, I- and S-type granites and thus gives information about the source rock and can be used as an easy classification scheme. Considering all data from the studied A-, I- and S-type granites, Th/U ratios increase with rising Th concentrations. A-type granites have the highest Th/U ratios and high Th concentrations, followed by I-type granites. Th/U ratios in S- to I-type granites are lower than in A-type and I-type granites, but higher than in S-type granites. The variation of Th/U ratios in all three types of granite cannot be explained by fractional crystallization of monazite, zircon and other Th and U bearing minerals alone, but are mainly due to source heterogeneities and uranium mobilization processes. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Distribution of Major- and Trace-Elements in Igneous Minerals)

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11 pages, 13130 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Simultaneous Partition Experiment of Divalent Metal Ions between Sphalerite and 1 mol/L (Ni, Mg, Co, Fe, Mn)Cl₂ Aqueous Solution under Supercritical Conditions

by Etsuo Uchida, Keiko Wakamatsu and Naoki Takamatsu

Minerals 2021, 11(4), 435; https://doi.org/10.3390/min11040435 - 20 Apr 2021

Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1669

Abstract

A simultaneous partition experiment of divalent metal ions was performed between sphalerite and 1 mol/L (Ni, Mg, Co, Fe, Mn)Cl₂ aqueous solution under supercritical hydrothermal conditions of 500–800 °C and 100 MPa. The bulk partition coefficient that was defined by K_PB [...] Read more.

A simultaneous partition experiment of divalent metal ions was performed between sphalerite and 1 mol/L (Ni, Mg, Co, Fe, Mn)Cl₂ aqueous solution under supercritical hydrothermal conditions of 500–800 °C and 100 MPa. The bulk partition coefficient that was defined by K_PB(ZnS) = (x_MeS/x_ZnS)/(m_Meaq/m_Znaq) followed the order of Zn ≑ Co ≑ Ni > Fe > Mn > Mg at all temperatures. In the partition coefficient versus ionic radius (PC–IR) diagrams with the logarithmic value of the bulk partition coefficient (log K_PB(ZnS)) on the vertical axis, and the ionic radius of the six-fold coordinated site on the horizontal axis, Ni shows a positive partition anomaly, and the other elements were almost on the PC–IR curve. Based on the PC–IR curve, the optimum ionic radius for sphalerite existed where the ionic radius was slightly larger than Zn (~0.76 Å). A Ni positive partition anomaly may result from its large electronegativity. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Distribution of Major- and Trace-Elements in Igneous Minerals)

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18 pages, 23835 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Compositional Evolution of the Variscan Intra-Orogenic Extensional Magmatism in the Valencia del Ventoso Plutonic Complex, Ossa-Morena Zone (SW Iberia): A View from Amphibole Compositional Relationships

by Aitor Cambeses, José F. Molina, Irene Morales, Concepción Lázaro, Juan A. Moreno, Pilar Montero and Fernando Bea

Minerals 2021, 11(4), 431; https://doi.org/10.3390/min11040431 - 18 Apr 2021

Cited by 5 | Viewed by 2476

Abstract

The Ossa-Morena Zone (OMZ), SW Iberia, has numerous Lower Carboniferous compositionally zoned plutons that formed in a Variscan intra-orogenic extensional setting. This magmatism shows a wide compositional variation comprising alkaline, transitional, and calc-alkaline suites. The calc-alkaline suite was produced by hybridization of alkaline [...] Read more.

The Ossa-Morena Zone (OMZ), SW Iberia, has numerous Lower Carboniferous compositionally zoned plutons that formed in a Variscan intra-orogenic extensional setting. This magmatism shows a wide compositional variation comprising alkaline, transitional, and calc-alkaline suites. The calc-alkaline suite was produced by hybridization of alkaline magmas with felsic melts generated by crustal anatexis related to the intrusion of mafic magmas in the middle crust. In this work, we present a textural and mineralogical study of the Variscan Valencia del Ventoso main pluton from the OMZ to track the compositional evolution of magmas during hybridization using constraints from amphibole compositions and to determine the P-T conditions of emplacement using amphibole-based thermobarometry. This pluton exhibits reverse zoning with an inner facies containing alkaline dolerites, gabbros, and quartz diorites, an intermediate facies with transitional diorites, and an outer facies with calc-alkaline quartz diorites to monzogranites. Magmas from the intermediate and border facies crystallized under oxidizing conditions at relatively low temperatures (range: 640–760 °C) and ca. 280–300 MPa, implying near H₂O-saturated conditions. These rock facies show mineralogical evidence of hybridization between alkaline to mildly alkalic and calc-alkaline magmas. The former is inferred from the occurrence of antecrysts of labradorite-andesine, high-Ti pargasite-hastingsite, and biotite with deficiency in tetrahedral-site occupancy, a distinctive feature of biotite from the inner facies alkaline dolerites. This contrasts with later crystallization from the calc-alkaline magma of andesine-oligoclase, low-Ti magnesiohornblende-edenite, and biotite with full tetrahedral-site occupancy. Constraints from amphibole-melt compositional relationships in antecrystic high-Ti amphibole suggest that the alkaline magmatic component could have a high- to ultra-K affinity. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Distribution of Major- and Trace-Elements in Igneous Minerals)

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21 pages, 5219 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Crystallization Conditions and Petrogenetic Characterization of Metaluminous to Peraluminous Calc-Alkaline Orogenic Granitoids from Mineralogical Systematics: The Case of the Cambrian Magmatism from the Sierra de Guasayán (Argentina)

by Priscila S. Zandomeni, Juan A. Moreno, Sebastián O. Verdecchia, Edgardo G. Baldo, Juan A. Dahlquist, Matías M. Morales Cámera, Catalina Balbis, Manuela Benítez, Samanta Serra-Varela and Carlos I. Lembo Wuest

Minerals 2021, 11(2), 166; https://doi.org/10.3390/min11020166 - 05 Feb 2021

Cited by 4 | Viewed by 3082

Abstract

The Sierra de Guasayán (Eastern Sierras Pampeanas, Argentina) is formed by low to medium grade metamorphic rocks intruded by Cambrian metaluminous (La Soledad quartz-diorite), slightly peraluminous (Guasayán, El Escondido and El Martirizado granodiorite plutons), and strongly peraluminous (Alto Bello granodiorite) granitoids of the [...] Read more.

The Sierra de Guasayán (Eastern Sierras Pampeanas, Argentina) is formed by low to medium grade metamorphic rocks intruded by Cambrian metaluminous (La Soledad quartz-diorite), slightly peraluminous (Guasayán, El Escondido and El Martirizado granodiorite plutons), and strongly peraluminous (Alto Bello granodiorite) granitoids of the Pampean magmatic arc. Chemical compositions of amphibole, plagioclase, biotite, and titanite indicate that these granitoids were emplaced at low pressure (mostly <3 kbar) and temperature (<770 °C) under oxidizing conditions (QFM + 1 and QFM + 2), which are similar to the emplacement conditions reported for other granites of the Pampean magmatic arc. Mineral assemblages and whole-rock and mineral chemistry of the granitoids from the Sierra de Guasayán indicate an I-type affinity for the La Soledad quartz-diorite (amphibole, biotite, and titanite), S-type affinity for the Alto Bello granodiorite (biotite, muscovite, cordierite, and sillimanite), and a hybrid nature for the main Guasayán and El Escondido plutons (biotite, monazite, and magnetite). This hybrid nature is supported by the presence of abundant mafic microgranular enclaves and rapakivi texture and by published zircon Hf-isotope data (εHf_i ranging from −4.76 to −0.12). This suggests, in turn, the involvement of hybridization in the genesis of these granitoids, which seems to be a common mechanism operating in the Pampean magmatic arc. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Distribution of Major- and Trace-Elements in Igneous Minerals)

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32 pages, 70698 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Oxygen Fugacity and Volatile Content of Syntectonic Magmatism in the Neoarchean Abitibi Greenstone Belt, Superior Province, Canada

by Baptiste Madon, Lucie Mathieu and Jeffrey H. Marsh

Minerals 2020, 10(11), 966; https://doi.org/10.3390/min10110966 - 28 Oct 2020

Cited by 6 | Viewed by 4803

Abstract

Neoarchean syntectonic intrusions from the Chibougamau area, northeastern Abitibi Subprovince (greenstone belt), may be genetically related to intrusion related gold mineralization. These magmatic-hydrothermal systems share common features with orogenic gold deposits, such as spatial and temporal association with syntectonic magmatism. Genetic association with [...] Read more.

Neoarchean syntectonic intrusions from the Chibougamau area, northeastern Abitibi Subprovince (greenstone belt), may be genetically related to intrusion related gold mineralization. These magmatic-hydrothermal systems share common features with orogenic gold deposits, such as spatial and temporal association with syntectonic magmatism. Genetic association with magmatism, however, remains controversial for many greenstone belt hosted Au deposits. To precisely identify the link between syntectonic magmas and gold mineralization in the Abitibi Subprovince, major and trace-element compositions of whole rock, zircon, apatite, and amphibole grains were measured for five intrusions in the Chibougamau area; the Anville, Saussure, Chevrillon, Opémisca, and Lac Line Plutons. The selected intrusions are representative of the chemical diversity of synvolcanic (TTG suite) and syntectonic (e.g., sanukitoid, alkaline intrusion) magmatism. Chemical data enable calculation of oxygen fugacity and volatile content, and these parameters were interpreted using data collected by electron microprobe and laser ablation-inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry. The zircon and apatite data and associated oxygen fugacity values in magma indicate that the youngest magmas are the most oxidized. Moreover, similar oxygen fugacity and high volatile content for both the Saussure Pluton and the mineralized Lac Line intrusion may indicate a possible prospective mineralized system associated with the syntectonic Saussure intrusion. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Distribution of Major- and Trace-Elements in Igneous Minerals)

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11 pages, 2126 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Simultaneous Partitioning of Divalent Metal Ions between Alabandite and 1 mol/L (Ni, Mg, Co, Zn, Fe)Cl₂ Aqueous Solutions under Supercritical Conditions

by Etsuo Uchida, Motoki Murasugi and Shuichi Okuda

Minerals 2020, 10(8), 696; https://doi.org/10.3390/min10080696 - 05 Aug 2020

Cited by 6 | Viewed by 2010

Abstract

To clarify the element partitioning behavior between minerals and aqueous chloride solutions, we conducted experiments to investigate simultaneous partitioning of Ni²⁺, Mg²⁺, Co²⁺, Zn²⁺, Fe²⁺, and Mn²⁺ ions between alabandite (MnS) and [...] Read more.

To clarify the element partitioning behavior between minerals and aqueous chloride solutions, we conducted experiments to investigate simultaneous partitioning of Ni²⁺, Mg²⁺, Co²⁺, Zn²⁺, Fe²⁺, and Mn²⁺ ions between alabandite (MnS) and 1 mol/L (Ni, Mg, Co, Zn, Fe)Cl₂ aqueous solutions at 500–800 °C and 100 MPa. The bulk partition coefficients calculated using the following equation were in the order of Fe²⁺ > Co²⁺ > Ni²⁺ ≈ Zn²⁺ > Mn²⁺ >> Mg²⁺; K_PN = (x_MeS/m_Meaq)/(x_MnS/m_Mnaq). A partition coefficient-ionic radius (PC-IR) curve was plotted with the logarithmic value of the partition coefficient on the y-axis and the ionic radius at the six-fold coordinated site on the x-axis. The peak of this curve was located near the ionic radius of Fe²⁺ and not near the ionic radius of Mn²⁺. Zn²⁺ showed a slight negative partitioning anomaly, which increased in the order of sulfide minerals < arsenic sulfide minerals < arsenide minerals as the covalent bond became stronger. Ni²⁺ showed a positive partitioning anomaly, which indicated that it preferred an octahedral structure. The width of the PC-IR curve decreased in the order of sulfide minerals > arsenic sulfide minerals > arsenide minerals as the covalent bond became stronger, that is, the ion selectivity became stronger. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Distribution of Major- and Trace-Elements in Igneous Minerals)

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20 pages, 5824 KiB

Open AccessEditor’s ChoiceArticle

Geochemistry and Texture of Clinopyroxene Phenocrysts from Paleoproterozoic Picrobasalts, Karelian Craton, Fennoscandian Shield: Records of Magma Mixing Processes

by Sergei A. Svetov, Svetlana Y. Chazhengina and Alexandra V. Stepanova

Minerals 2020, 10(5), 434; https://doi.org/10.3390/min10050434 - 12 May 2020

Cited by 12 | Viewed by 4198

Abstract

This paper presents an integrated major and trace element data and crystal size distribution analysis for zoned clinopyroxene phenocrysts hosted in variolitic and massive picrobasalts of the Suisaari Formation, Karelian Craton, Eastern Fennoscandian Shield. Clinopyroxenes in variolitic and massive lavas occur as unzoned, [...] Read more.

This paper presents an integrated major and trace element data and crystal size distribution analysis for zoned clinopyroxene phenocrysts hosted in variolitic and massive picrobasalts of the Suisaari Formation, Karelian Craton, Eastern Fennoscandian Shield. Clinopyroxenes in variolitic and massive lavas occur as unzoned, reverse, and normally zoned crystal. Oscillatory-zoned clinopyroxenes are only observed in variolitic lavas. The obtained data were examined in order to evaluate the contribution of magmatic processes such as magma mixing, contamination and fractional crystallization to the formation of various zoning patterns of clinopyroxene phenocrysts. Clinopyroxene phenocrysts in both variolitic and massive lavas originate from similar primary melts from a single magmatic source. The obtained data on composition and texture of clinopyroxene phenocrysts together with the crystal size distribution (CSD) analysis suggest that crystallization of the massive lavas mainly involves fractionation in a closed magmatic system, whereas the crystallization of the variolitic lavas is determined by processes in an open magmatic system. The results provide novel information on the evolution of Paleoproterozoic magmatic systems in the Karelian Craton. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Distribution of Major- and Trace-Elements in Igneous Minerals)

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