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Minerals
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Sulfide Mineralogy and Geochemistry
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Sulfide Mineralogy and Geochemistry

A special issue of Minerals (ISSN 2075-163X). This special issue belongs to the section "Mineral Deposits".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 30 September 2024 | Viewed by 5438

Special Issue Editors

Prof. Dr. Gheorghe Damian

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Guest Editor
Department of Geology, Alexandru Ioan Cuza” University of Iași, 700505 Iași, Romania
Interests: mineralogy of ore deposits; hydrothermal deposits; metallogeny; geochemistry
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Andrei Buzatu

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Geology, Alexandru Ioan Cuza” University of Iași, 700505 Iași, Romania
Interests: mineralogy; ore deposits; geochemistry; Raman and infrared spectroscopy; igneous petrology
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Andrei Ionuț Apopei

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Geology, Alexandru Ioan Cuza” University of Iași, 700505 Iași, Romania
Interests: mineralogy; Raman and infrared spectroscopy; ore deposits; geoinformatics; crystallography; geochemistry
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Sulfides are considered one of the most important groups of ore minerals. Understanding their mineralogical and geochemical features is crucial for the elucidation of their genesis, for the exploration of the ore deposit type, or for further mineral exploration. The importance of sulfide minerals has long been, and continues to be, of great interest for mineralogists and geochemists. Their applications show a multi-disciplinary range, not only in mineralogy and geochemistry, but also in crystallography, spectroscopy, material science, applied chemistry and physics, surface science, mineral technology, and (more recently) biogeochemistry and the environmental sciences.

This Special Issue will focus on the latest achievements in the mineralogical, geochemical, and crystal structure of sulfide minerals to reveal new insights into the conditions of ore formation, mineral deposition, ore processing, and environmental application. The Special Issue will cover topics such as crystal structure and classification, electrical and magnetic properties, spectroscopy, chemical bonding, high- and low-temperature phase relations, thermochemistry, and stable isotopes. Additionally, studies on different investigation techniques, such as LA-ICP-MS, EPMA, or Raman spectroscopy, are also welcome.

Prof. Dr. Gheorghe Damian
Dr. Andrei Buzatu
Dr. Andrei Ionuț Apopei
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Minerals is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2400 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • sulfides
  • sulfide mineralogy
  • sulfide geochemistry
  • ore deposits
  • trace elements
  • crystal structure
  • biomineralization and biominerals
  • mineral processing

Published Papers (3 papers)

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Research

21 pages, 7286 KiB  
Article
Sphalerite and Pyrite Geochemistry from the Pusangguo Co-Rich Cu–Zn–Pb Skarn Deposit, Tibet: Implications for Element Occurrence and Mineralization
by Zhuang Li, Hao Tan, Feng Zhao, Zuopeng Xiang, Han Wu and Peng Zhang
Minerals 2023, 13(9), 1165; https://doi.org/10.3390/min13091165 - 01 Sep 2023
Viewed by 1391
Abstract
The Pusangguo deposit (1.42 Mt @ 1.42% Cu, 0.14 Mt @ 1.82% Zn, 0.08 Mt @ 1.01% Pb, and 285.8 t Co @ 140 g/t Co) is the first Co-rich Cu-Zn-Pb skarn deposit discovered in the Gangdese metallogenic belt. However, the trace and [...] Read more.
The Pusangguo deposit (1.42 Mt @ 1.42% Cu, 0.14 Mt @ 1.82% Zn, 0.08 Mt @ 1.01% Pb, and 285.8 t Co @ 140 g/t Co) is the first Co-rich Cu-Zn-Pb skarn deposit discovered in the Gangdese metallogenic belt. However, the trace and minor element geochemistry of the sulfides in this deposit has not been studied, limiting further understanding of elements’ occurrence and mineralization. Here, we identified four ore stages, and two types of sphalerites (SpI and SpII) and pyrites (PyI and PyII), in this deposit. In this study, LA-ICP-MS in-situ trace element analyses were conducted on sphalerite and pyrite, to obtain their chemical compositions, elemental substitution mechanisms, and mineralization physicochemical conditions. The results indicate that two types of sphalerites are generally more enriched with Co than pyrite. SpI has higher concentrations of Co, Cr, Cu, Ag, and As compared to SpII. Both types of sphalerite have very low contents of Sn, Ge, and Ga. PyII has higher contents of most trace elements, such as Co, Ni, Mn, Zn, Cu, As, Sn, Se, Pb, Ag, and Bi, compared to PyI. Both types of pyrite are poor in Mn, Ga, Ge, and Cd, but enriched in As, Co, and Ni. The Mn, Fe, Co, and Cd in sphalerite, and Co, Ni, and Mn in pyrite are generally lattice-bound, while Cu, As, Ag, and Sb are usually present in both micro-inclusions and coupled substitution. Significant elemental correlations in sphalerite indicate the possible substitution mechanisms 2Fe2+ + Ga2+ ↔ 3Zn2+, 2Fe2+ + Ge4+ ↔ 4Zn2+, and (Sb3+, Sn3+) + (Cu+, Ag+) ↔ 2Zn2+. The correlation trends between trace elements in pyrite suggest the coupled substitution mechanisms of (Tl+ + Cu+ + Ag+) + (As3+ + Sb3+) ↔ 2Zn2+ and As3+ + Cu+ ↔ 2Zn2+. The mineralization temperature at Pusangguo, as determined by the GGIMFis sphalerite geothermometer, is 237–345 °C (avg. 307 °C), consistent with the high Zn/Cd ratio (avg. 203), low Ga/In (avg. 0.06), and high In/Ge (avg. 15.9) in sphalerite, and high Co/Ni ratio (avg. 24) in pyrite. These results indicate that the ore-forming fluid was high-temperature, with a low sulfur fugacity (fS2) (10−13.4 to 10−8.3) and low oxygen fugacity (fO2). The high temperature, and low sulfur fugacity and oxygen fugacity of the ore-forming fluid, and the fluid-mixing process, jointly controlled the sulfide precipitation, which caused the formation of the Pusangguo deposit. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Sulfide Mineralogy and Geochemistry)
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19 pages, 5640 KiB  
Article
Trace Element and Sulfur Isotopic Analysis of Pyrite from the Luyuangou Gold Deposit, Xiong’ershan Au-Ag Polymetallic District, Central China: Implications for The Origin and Evolution of Ore-Forming Fluids
by Fanyue Song, Qianhui Zhang, Kadio Aka Donald Koua, Hangde Wu, Chuang Zhou, Di Wu and Huashan Sun
Minerals 2023, 13(3), 407; https://doi.org/10.3390/min13030407 - 15 Mar 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1524
Abstract
The Luyuangou gold deposit is located in the eastern section of the Xiong’ershan Au-Ag polymetallic district (XESPMD) and consists of a few gold-bearing veins found in the EW-striking faults located in the Archean Taihua and Mesoproterozoic Xiong’er Groups. The gold deposits contain numerous [...] Read more.
The Luyuangou gold deposit is located in the eastern section of the Xiong’ershan Au-Ag polymetallic district (XESPMD) and consists of a few gold-bearing veins found in the EW-striking faults located in the Archean Taihua and Mesoproterozoic Xiong’er Groups. The gold deposits contain numerous gold-bearing pyrites in thin quartz veins, representing an ideal tool for explaining the enigmatic genesis of gold deposits in the XESPMD. The distributions of trace elements and the sulfur isotopes of gold-bearing pyrite in the Luyuangou gold deposit were investigated to define the origin and evolution of ore-forming fluids. Five generations of pyrite have been identified: coarse-grained euhedral pyrite cores (Py1-1) and margins (Py1-2) in milky quartz veins, fine-grained pyrite (Py2) in quartz veins and host rocks, pyrite (Py3) in quartz + polymetallic sulfide veins, and pyrites (Py4) in quartz calcite veins. The distributions of trace elements indicated that Py2 and Py3 represented the main gold-bearing minerals and contained high concentrations of As, Au, Ag, Pb, Zn, and Cu, and the distributions were controlled by the micro/nanoinclusions. The δ34S values in the five pyrite generations ranged from −19.5 to 3.4‰. Py2 (−15.4 to −6.1‰) and Py3 (−19.5 to −12.4‰) had the lowest δ34S values, indicating that the sulfur originated from an oxidizing fluid. Py1 showed δ34S values (−0.3 to 1.9‰) corresponding to a magmatic origin. Py4 (1.1–3.4‰) displayed the highest δ34S values, indicating that the sulfur originated from the host rock under the action of meteoric water cycles. Analyses of the pyrite’s trace elements and sulfur isotopes, in combination with geological evidence, indicated that magmatic ore-forming fluids contributed to the formation of the Luyuangou gold deposit. The magmatic ore-forming fluids interacted with meteoric water during the main mineralization period. The changing physicochemical conditions of the mineralized fluids caused the precipitation of a large amount of gold and other mineralized elements. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Sulfide Mineralogy and Geochemistry)
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22 pages, 7042 KiB  
Article
New Mineral Occurrences in Massive Sulfide Deposits from Mănăilă, Eastern Carpathians, Romania
by Gheorghe Damian, Andrei Ionuț Apopei, Andrei Buzatu, Andreea Elena Maftei and Floarea Damian
Minerals 2023, 13(1), 111; https://doi.org/10.3390/min13010111 - 10 Jan 2023
Viewed by 1578
Abstract
The massive sulfide deposits (VMS) from Mănăilă are associated with the metamorphic formations of the Tulgheș Lithogroup from the Bucovinian Nappes of the Crystalline-Mesozoic Zone in the Eastern Carpathians, Romania. The following types of ore were identified: pyrite-polymetallic, pyrite copper, compact and precompact [...] Read more.
The massive sulfide deposits (VMS) from Mănăilă are associated with the metamorphic formations of the Tulgheș Lithogroup from the Bucovinian Nappes of the Crystalline-Mesozoic Zone in the Eastern Carpathians, Romania. The following types of ore were identified: pyrite-polymetallic, pyrite copper, compact and precompact copper, and quartz-precompact copper. The polymetallic mineralization consists of pyrite, chalcopyrite, sphalerite, galena, and subordinately arsenopyrite and tennantite. The copper, especially the quartz-copper mineralizations, have a distinct mineralogical composition compared to the other metamorphosed mineralizations of the Tulgheș Lithogroup. These types of deposits from Mănăilă contain large amounts of bornite and chalcocite along with chalcopyrite. Tennantite is abundant and has up to a 3.57 wt.% of bismuth. Wittichenite was identified for the first time in the metamorphic mineralizations and mawsonite was identified as the first occurrence in Romania. An unnamed mineral with the formula: Cu,Fe11Pb,AgS7 was also identified, belonging to the sulfides group. The compact and precompact pyrite-rich ores, located in sericite ± quartzite schists and covered by rhyolitic metatuffs, are of hydrothermal-sedimentary type metamorphosed in the greenschist facies. The source of the quartz-copper mineralization would be the retromorphic or metasomatic hydrothermal solutions that circulated through major fractures. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Sulfide Mineralogy and Geochemistry)
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