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13 pages, 5310 KiB

Open AccessArticle

A High-Throughput Microfluidic Magnetic Separation (µFMS) Platform for Water Quality Monitoring

by Keisha Y. Castillo-Torres, Eric S. McLamore and David P. Arnold

Micromachines 2020, 11(1), 16; https://doi.org/10.3390/mi11010016 - 22 Dec 2019

Cited by 18 | Viewed by 3554

The long-term aim of this work is to develop a biosensing system that rapidly detects bacterial targets of interest, such as Escherichia coli, in drinking and recreational water quality monitoring. For these applications, a standard sample size is 100 mL, which is [...] Read more.

The long-term aim of this work is to develop a biosensing system that rapidly detects bacterial targets of interest, such as Escherichia coli, in drinking and recreational water quality monitoring. For these applications, a standard sample size is 100 mL, which is quite large for magnetic separation microfluidic analysis platforms that typically function with <20 µL/s throughput. Here, we report the use of 1.5-µm-diameter magnetic microdisc to selectively tag target bacteria, and a high-throughput microfluidic device that can potentially isolate the magnetically tagged bacteria from 100 mL water samples in less than 15 min. Simulations and experiments show ~90% capture efficiencies of magnetic particles at flow rates up to 120 µL/s. Also, the platform enables the magnetic microdiscs/bacteria conjugates to be directly imaged, providing a path for quantitative assay. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Biosensors for Pathogen Detection)

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12 pages, 2614 KiB

Open AccessArticle

A Lab-on-a-Chip Device Integrated DNA Extraction and Solid Phase PCR Array for the Genotyping of High-Risk HPV in Clinical Samples

by Cancan Zhu, Anzhong Hu, Junsheng Cui, Ke Yang, Xinchao Zhu, Yong Liu, Guoqing Deng and Ling Zhu

Micromachines 2019, 10(8), 537; https://doi.org/10.3390/mi10080537 - 15 Aug 2019

Cited by 28 | Viewed by 6607

Abstract

Point-of-care (POC) molecular diagnostics play a crucial role in the prevention and treatment of infectious diseases. It is necessary to develop portable, easy-to-use, inexpensive and rapid molecular diagnostic tools. In this study, we proposed a lab-on-a-chip device that integrated DNA extraction, solid-phase PCR [...] Read more.

Point-of-care (POC) molecular diagnostics play a crucial role in the prevention and treatment of infectious diseases. It is necessary to develop portable, easy-to-use, inexpensive and rapid molecular diagnostic tools. In this study, we proposed a lab-on-a-chip device that integrated DNA extraction, solid-phase PCR and genotyping detection. The ingenious design of the pneumatic microvalves enabled the fluid mixing and reagent storage to be organically combined, significantly reducing the size of the chip. The solid oligonucleotide array incorporated into the chip allowed the spatial separation of the primers and minimized undesirable interactions in multiplex amplification. As a proof-of-concept for POC molecular diagnostics on the device, five genotypes of high-risk human papillomavirus (HPV) (HPV16/HPV18/HPV31/HPV33/HPV58) were examined. Positive quality control samples and HPV patient cervical swab specimens were analyzed on the integrated microdevice. The platform was capable of detection approximately 50 copies of HPV virus per reaction during a single step, including DNA extraction, solid-phase PCR and genotype detection, in 1 h from samples being added to the chip. This simple and inexpensive microdevice provided great utility for the screening and monitoring of HPV genotypes. The sample-to-result platform will pave the way for wider application of POC molecular testing in the fields of clinical diagnostics, food safety, and environmental monitoring. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Biosensors for Pathogen Detection)

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10 pages, 2178 KiB

Open AccessFeature PaperArticle

An Origami Paper-Based Device Printed with DNAzyme-Containing DNA Superstructures for Escherichia coli Detection

by Yating Sun, Yangyang Chang, Qiang Zhang and Meng Liu

Micromachines 2019, 10(8), 531; https://doi.org/10.3390/mi10080531 - 12 Aug 2019

Cited by 32 | Viewed by 4921

Abstract

Rapid detection of pathogenic bacteria is extremely important for public health and safety. Here, we describe for the first time an integrated origami paper-based analytical device (PAD) incorporating cell lysis, molecular recognition, amplification and visual detection of Escherichia coli (E. coli). [...] Read more.

Rapid detection of pathogenic bacteria is extremely important for public health and safety. Here, we describe for the first time an integrated origami paper-based analytical device (PAD) incorporating cell lysis, molecular recognition, amplification and visual detection of Escherichia coli (E. coli). The device features three components: paper for its ability to extract protein molecules nonspecifically from cells, DNA superstructures for their ability to immobilize RNA-cleaving DNAzymes (RCDs) but undergo target-induced RNA cleavage on paper, and isothermal rolling circle amplification (RCA) for its ability to amplify each cleavage event into repetitive sequence units that can be detected by naked eye. This device can achieve detection of E. coli K12 with a detection limit of as low as 10³ CFU·mL⁻¹ in a total turnaround time of 35 min. Furthermore, this device allowed the sensitive detection of E. coli in complex sample matrices such as juice and milk. Given that more specific RCDs can be evolved for diverse bacteria, the integrated PAD holds great potential for rapid, sensitive and highly selective detection of pathogenic bacteria in resource-limited settings. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Biosensors for Pathogen Detection)

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9 pages, 1660 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Detection of Coxiella burnetii Using Silicon Microring Resonator in Patient Blood Plasma

by Bonhan Koo, Choong Eun Jin, Moonsuk Bae, Yoon Ok Jang, Ji Yeun Kim, Sung-Han Kim and Yong Shin

Micromachines 2019, 10(7), 427; https://doi.org/10.3390/mi10070427 - 27 Jun 2019

Cited by 5 | Viewed by 2970

Abstract

Blood plasma from patients is a powerful resource for diagnosing infectious disease due to it having many genetic materials as well as being relatively easy to obtain. Thus, various biosensors have been investigated for diagnosing diseases in blood plasma. However, there are no [...] Read more.

Blood plasma from patients is a powerful resource for diagnosing infectious disease due to it having many genetic materials as well as being relatively easy to obtain. Thus, various biosensors have been investigated for diagnosing diseases in blood plasma. However, there are no optimized and validated sensors for clinical use due to the low sensitivity, complexity, and difficulties of removing the inhibitors from plasma samples. In this study, we described a silicon microring resonator sensor used to detect Coxiella burnetii from the blood plasma of Q-fever patients in a label-free, real-time manner. Q-fever is an infectious disease caused by Coxiella burnetii via direct contact or inhalation aerosols. We validated this biosensor in the blood plasma of 35 clinical samples (including 16 Q fever samples infected with Coxiella burnetii and 19 samples infected with other febrile diseases. The biosensors are capable of rapid (10 min), highly sensitive (87.5%), and specific (89.5%) detection in plasma samples compared to the use of the conventional method. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Biosensors for Pathogen Detection)

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9 pages, 1737 KiB

Open AccessFeature PaperArticle

Silver Doped Mesoporous Silica Nanoparticles Based Electrochemical Enzyme-Less Sensor for Determination of H₂O₂ Released from Live Cells

by Danting Yang, Ning Ni, Lu Cao, Xin Song, Yasmin Alhamoud, Guangxia Yu, Jinshun Zhao and Haibo Zhou

Micromachines 2019, 10(4), 268; https://doi.org/10.3390/mi10040268 - 21 Apr 2019

Cited by 15 | Viewed by 4049

Abstract

In this study, a silver doped mesoporous silica nanoparticles-based enzyme-less electrochemical sensor for the determination of hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) released from live cells was constructed for the first time. The presented electrochemical sensor exhibited fast response (2 s) towards [...] Read more.

In this study, a silver doped mesoporous silica nanoparticles-based enzyme-less electrochemical sensor for the determination of hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) released from live cells was constructed for the first time. The presented electrochemical sensor exhibited fast response (2 s) towards the reduction of H₂O₂ concentration variation at an optimized potential of −0.5 V with high selectivity over biological interferents such as uric acid, ascorbic acid, and glucose. In addition, a wide linear range (4 μM to 10 mM) with a low detection limit (LOD) of 3 μM was obtained. Furthermore, the Ag-mSiO₂ nanoparticles/glass carbon electrode (Ag-mSiO₂ NPs/GCE) based enzyme-less sensor showed good electrocatalytic performance, as well as good reproducibility, and long-term stability, which provided a successful way to in situ determine H₂O₂ released from live cells. It may also be promising to monitor the effect of reactive oxygen species (ROS) production in bacteria against oxidants and antibiotics. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Biosensors for Pathogen Detection)

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Review

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17 pages, 2206 KiB

Open AccessReview

Recent Advances in Electrochemiluminescence Sensors for Pathogenic Bacteria Detection

by Jinjin Shen, Ting Zhou and Ru Huang

Micromachines 2019, 10(8), 532; https://doi.org/10.3390/mi10080532 - 13 Aug 2019

Cited by 34 | Viewed by 6198

Abstract

Pathogenic bacterial contamination greatly threats human health and safety. Rapidly biosensing pathogens in the early stage of infection would be helpful to choose the correct drug treatment, prevent transmission of pathogens, as well as decrease mortality and economic losses. Traditional techniques, such as [...] Read more.

Pathogenic bacterial contamination greatly threats human health and safety. Rapidly biosensing pathogens in the early stage of infection would be helpful to choose the correct drug treatment, prevent transmission of pathogens, as well as decrease mortality and economic losses. Traditional techniques, such as polymerase chain reaction and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, are accurate and effective, but are greatly limited because they are complex and time-consuming. Electrochemiluminescence (ECL) biosensors combine the advantages of both electrochemical and photoluminescence analysis and are suitable for high sensitivity and simple pathogenic bacteria detection. In this review, we summarize recent advances in ECL sensors for pathogenic bacteria detection and highlight the development of paper-based ECL platforms in point of care diagnosis of pathogens. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Biosensors for Pathogen Detection)

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14 pages, 1233 KiB

Open AccessReview

Electrochemical and Optical Biosensors for the Detection of Campylobacter and Listeria: An Update Look

by Priya Vizzini, Matteo Braidot, Jasmina Vidic and Marisa Manzano

Micromachines 2019, 10(8), 500; https://doi.org/10.3390/mi10080500 - 27 Jul 2019

Cited by 49 | Viewed by 4781

Abstract

Foodborne safety has aroused tremendous research interest in recent years because of a global public health problem. The rapid and precise detection of foodborne pathogens can reduce significantly infection diseases and save lives by the early initiation of an effective treatment. This review [...] Read more.

Foodborne safety has aroused tremendous research interest in recent years because of a global public health problem. The rapid and precise detection of foodborne pathogens can reduce significantly infection diseases and save lives by the early initiation of an effective treatment. This review highlights current advances in the development of biosensors for detection of Campylobacter spp. and Listeria monocytogenes that are the most common causes of zoonosis. The consumption of pathogen contaminated food is responsible for humans hospitalization and death. The attention focused on the recognition elements such as antibodies (Ab), DNA probes and aptamers able to recognize cells, amplicons, and specific genes from different samples like bacteria, food, environment and clinical samples. Moreover, the review focused on two main signal-transducing mechanisms, i.e., electrochemical, measuring an amperometric, potentiometric and impedimetric signal; and optical, measuring a light signal by OLED (Organic Light Emitting Diode), SPR (Surface Plasmon Resonance), and Optical fiber. We expect that high-performance of devices being developed through basic research will find extensive applications in environmental monitoring, biomedical diagnostics, and food safety. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Biosensors for Pathogen Detection)

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20 pages, 560 KiB

Open AccessReview

Research Progress of Near-Infrared Fluorescence Immunoassay

by Xiao-Hui Chang, Jie Zhang, Lin-Huan Wu, Yan-Kun Peng, Xiang-Ying Yang, Xiao-Lin Li, Ai-Jin Ma, Jun-Cai Ma and Guang-Quan Chen

Micromachines 2019, 10(6), 422; https://doi.org/10.3390/mi10060422 - 24 Jun 2019

Cited by 25 | Viewed by 4741

Abstract

Near-infrared fluorescence probes (NIFPs) have been widely used in immunoassay, bio-imaging and medical diagnosis. We review the basic principles of near-infrared fluorescence and near-infrared detection technology, and summarize structures, properties and characteristics of NIFPs (i.e., cyanines, xanthenes fluorescent dyes, phthalocyanines, porphyrin derivates, single-walled [...] Read more.

Near-infrared fluorescence probes (NIFPs) have been widely used in immunoassay, bio-imaging and medical diagnosis. We review the basic principles of near-infrared fluorescence and near-infrared detection technology, and summarize structures, properties and characteristics of NIFPs (i.e., cyanines, xanthenes fluorescent dyes, phthalocyanines, porphyrin derivates, single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs), quantum dots and rare earth compounds). We next analyze applications of NIFPs in immunoassays, and prospect the application potential of lateral flow assay (LFA) in rapid detection of pathogens. At present, our team intends to establish a new platform that has highly sensitive NIFPs combined with portable and simple immunochromatographic test strips (ICTSs) for rapid detection of food-borne viruses. This will provide technical support for rapid detection on the port. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Biosensors for Pathogen Detection)

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15 pages, 1027 KiB

Open AccessReview

Electrochemical Biosensors for Detection of Foodborne Pathogens

by Zhenguo Zhang, Jun Zhou and Xin Du

Micromachines 2019, 10(4), 222; https://doi.org/10.3390/mi10040222 - 28 Mar 2019

Cited by 70 | Viewed by 8566

Abstract

Foodborne safety has become a global public health problem in both developed and developing countries. The rapid and precise monitoring and detection of foodborne pathogens has generated a strong interest by researchers in order to control and prevent human foodborne infections. Traditional methods [...] Read more.

Foodborne safety has become a global public health problem in both developed and developing countries. The rapid and precise monitoring and detection of foodborne pathogens has generated a strong interest by researchers in order to control and prevent human foodborne infections. Traditional methods for the detection of foodborne pathogens are often time-consuming, laborious, expensive, and unable to satisfy the demands of rapid food testing. Owing to the advantages of simplicity, real-time analysis, high sensitivity, miniaturization, rapid detection time, and low cost, electrochemical biosensing technology is more and more widely used in determination of foodborne pathogens. Here, we summarize recent developments in electrochemical biosensing technologies used to detect common foodborne pathogens. Additionally, we discuss research challenges and future prospects for this field of study. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Biosensors for Pathogen Detection)

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