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Dear Colleagues,

A sustainable society needs green, efficient, and precise chemical processes. To this end, process intensification at various scales is a common and effective strategy. Recently, micromachines as smart tools for process monitoring and manipulation have been drawing increasing attention from scientists and engineers due to concerns in recognition vision, manipulation capacity, and environmental footprint. For example, flow synthesis based on microtubes opens new reaction windows to resolve challenges in low atoms and energy utilization and large intermediate materials hold-up; microfluidic devices enable the development of labs-on-chips for high-throughput detection. Accordingly, this Special Issue seeks to showcase research papers and review articles that focus on all kinds of micromachines towards chemical process intensification. These may include fixed equipment like micromixers, microreactors, and micro-separators, or variable element like microdroplets, microbubbles, and micelles, as long they have functions or potential for the improvement of chemical processes. Papers may be discussed with a focus on a chemical process, a micromachine, or an integrated system.

Prof. Dr. Yangcheng Lu
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Review

29 pages, 3486 KiB

Open AccessReview

Design, Fabrication, and Applications of SERS Substrates for Food Safety Detection: Review

and

Micromachines 2023, 14(7), 1343; https://doi.org/10.3390/mi14071343 - 30 Jun 2023

Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1470

Abstract

Sustainable and safe food is an important issue worldwide, and it depends on cost-effective analysis tools with good sensitivity and reality. However, traditional standard chemical methods of food safety detection, such as high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), gas chromatography (GC), and tandem mass spectrometry (MS), have the disadvantages of high cost and long testing time. Those disadvantages have prevented people from obtaining sufficient risk information to confirm the safety of their products. In addition, food safety testing, such as the bioassay method, often results in false positives or false negatives due to little rigor preprocessing of samples. So far, food safety analysis currently relies on the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), polymerase chain reaction (PCR), HPLC, GC, UV-visible spectrophotometry, and MS, all of which require significant time to train qualified food safety testing laboratory operators. These factors have hindered the development of rapid food safety monitoring systems, especially in remote areas or areas with a relative lack of testing resources. Surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) has emerged as one of the tools of choice for food safety testing that can overcome these dilemmas over the past decades. SERS offers advantages over chromatographic mass spectrometry analysis due to its portability, non-destructive nature, and lower cost implications. However, as it currently stands, Raman spectroscopy is a supplemental tool in chemical analysis, reinforcing and enhancing the completeness and coverage of the food safety analysis system. SERS combines portability with non-destructive and cheaper detection costs to gain an advantage over chromatographic mass spectrometry analysis. SERS has encountered many challenges in moving toward regulatory applications in food safety, such as quantitative accuracy, poor reproducibility, and instability of large molecule detection. As a result, the reality of SERS, as a screening tool for regulatory announcements worldwide, is still uncommon. In this review article, we have compiled the current designs and fabrications of SERS substrates for food safety detection to unify all the requirements and the opportunities to overcome these challenges. This review is expected to improve the interest in the sensing field of SERS and facilitate the SERS applications in food safety detection in the future. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Micromachines for Chemical Process Intensification, 3rd Edition)

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