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Micromachines
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Conductive Nanomaterial-Based Chem/Bio Sensors
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Conductive Nanomaterial-Based Chem/Bio Sensors

A special issue of Micromachines (ISSN 2072-666X). This special issue belongs to the section "C：Chemistry".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 March 2020) | Viewed by 12588

Special Issue Editor

Dr. Oh Seok Kwon

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Korea Research Institutes for Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon 305-806, Republic of Korea
Interests: conductive nanomaterials; interfacing chemistry; optical nanomaterials; electronics; chem/bio sensors; optical sensors; point-of-care test
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The electrical properties of conductive nanomaterials (CNs) have opened an attractive possibility in various fields such as energy, environmental and bio-applications. In particular, CNs can be designed as various materials for chem/bio sensors such as a transducer in field-effect transistor, a working electrode in cyclic voltammetry, a chemiresistor in chemosensors and so on. Moreover, the integration of chemical and biological probes on the CNs enables them to have target selectivity and provides high-performance in sensors. Although conventional CN-based chem/bio sensors have showed excellent sensing properties, the challenges still remain to enhance the maximum detectable level (MDL) of sensors. Therefore, in this Special Issue, we invite original papers and reviews reporting on recent progress in the following areas:

  1. New fabrication technologies of CNs with enlarged surface areas and their sensor applications
  2. Interfacing technologies such as chemical and physical surface modification to improve CN-based sensing performance
  3. Next-generation CN-based sensors
  4. Integration technologies for smart instruments for smart CN-based sensors
  5. A novel approach to CN-based sensors
  6. Industrial approaches to CN-based sensors

Prof. Dr. Oh Seok Kwon
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Micromachines is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • Conducting nanomaterials
  • Chem/bio sensors
  • Interfacing chemistry
  • Smart instruments
  • Industry

Published Papers (4 papers)

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Research

16 pages, 5317 KiB  
Article
An Immunosensor for the Detection of ULBP2 Biomarker
by Wen-Chi Yang, Su-Yu Liao, Thien Luan Phan, Nguyen Van Hieu, Pei-Yi Chu, Chin-Chang Yi, Hsing-Ju Wu, Kang-Ming Chang and Congo Tak-Shing Ching
Micromachines 2020, 11(6), 568; https://doi.org/10.3390/mi11060568 - 03 Jun 2020
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 2838
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer (PC) is a global health problem that features a very high mortality rate. The UL16 binding protein 2 (ULBP2) is a new biomarker for PC detection. This study develops a simple, reliable, and inexpensive immunosensor for the detection of the ULBP2 [...] Read more.
Pancreatic cancer (PC) is a global health problem that features a very high mortality rate. The UL16 binding protein 2 (ULBP2) is a new biomarker for PC detection. This study develops a simple, reliable, and inexpensive immunosensor for the detection of the ULBP2 antigen while also investigating the effects of an array configuration of connected sensors and zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles on the immunosensor’s sensitivity. The ULBP2 antibody was immobilized onto the screen-printed carbon electrode (SPCE) surfaces of three different sensors: a simple SPCE (ULBP2-SPCE); an SPCE array, which is a series of identical SPCE connected to each other at different arrangements of rows and columns (ULBP2-SPCE-1x2 and ULBP2-SPCE-1x3); and an SPCE combined with ZnO nanoparticles (ULBP2-ZnO/SPCE). Impedance spectrum measurements for the immunosensors to ULBP2 antigen were conducted and compared. According to the result, the array configurations (ULBP2-SPCE-1x2 and ULBP2-SPCE-1x3) show an improvement of sensitivity compared to the ULBP2-SPCE alone, but the improvement is not as significant as that of the ULBP2-ZnO/SPCE configuration (ULBP2-ZnO/SPCE > ULBP2-SPCE: 18 times larger). The ULBP2-ZnO/SPCE immunosensor has a low limit of detection (1 pg/mL) and a high sensitivity (332.2 Ω/Log(pg/mL)), excellent linearity (R2 = 0.98), good repeatability (coefficients of variation = 5.03%), and is stable in long-term storage (retaining 95% activity after 28 days storage). In an array configuration, the immunosensor has an increased signal-to-noise ratio (ULBP2-SPCE-1x3 > ULBP2-SPCE: 1.5-fold) and sensitivity (ULBP2-SPCE-1x3 > ULBP2-SPCE: 2.6-fold). In conclusion, either the modification with ZnO nanoparticles onto the sensor or the use of an array configuration of sensors can enhance the immunosensor’s sensitivity. In this study, the best immunosensor for detecting ULBP2 antigens is the ULBP2-ZnO/SPCE immunosensor. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Conductive Nanomaterial-Based Chem/Bio Sensors)
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13 pages, 3140 KiB  
Article
Simulations of Benzene and Hydrogen-Sulfide Gas Detector Based on Single-Walled Carbon Nanotube over Intrinsic 4H-SiC Substrate
by Muhammad Haroon Rashid, Ants Koel, Toomas Rang and Mehadi Hasan Ziko
Micromachines 2020, 11(5), 453; https://doi.org/10.3390/mi11050453 - 26 Apr 2020
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 2561
Abstract
Carbon nanotubes (CNTs)-based sensors have gained significant importance due to their tremendous electrical and physical attributes. CNT-based gas sensors have high sensitivity, stability, and fast response time compared to that of solid-state sensors. On exposure to a large variety of organic and inorganic [...] Read more.
Carbon nanotubes (CNTs)-based sensors have gained significant importance due to their tremendous electrical and physical attributes. CNT-based gas sensors have high sensitivity, stability, and fast response time compared to that of solid-state sensors. On exposure to a large variety of organic and inorganic compounds, the conductivity of CNT changes. This change in electrical conductivity is being used as a detection signal to detect different target molecules. Hydrogen-sulfide and benzene are hazardous gases that can cause serious health issues in humans. Therefore, it is mandatory to detect their presence in industrial and household environments. In this article, we simulated CNT-based benzene and hydrogen-sulfide sensor with a nanoscale semiconductor device simulator—Quantumwise Atomistix Toolkit (ATK). The change in the device density of states, electric current, and photocurrent in the presence of target molecules have been calculated. The change in photocurrent in the presence of target molecules has been proposed as a novel detection mechanism to improve the sensor selectivity and accuracy. This change in photocurrent as well as electric current in the presence of target molecules can be used simultaneously as detection signals. Our intension in the future is to physically fabricate this simulated device and use photocurrent as well as electric current as detection mechanisms. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Conductive Nanomaterial-Based Chem/Bio Sensors)
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11 pages, 2206 KiB  
Article
Ultrasensitive Stress Biomarker Detection Using Polypyrrole Nanotube Coupled to a Field-Effect Transistor
by Kyung Ho Kim, Sang Hun Lee, Sung Eun Seo, Joonwon Bae, Seon Joo Park and Oh Seok Kwon
Micromachines 2020, 11(4), 439; https://doi.org/10.3390/mi11040439 - 22 Apr 2020
Cited by 21 | Viewed by 3442
Abstract
Stress biomarkers such as hormones and neurotransmitters in bodily fluids can indicate an individual’s physical and mental state, as well as influence their quality of life and health. Thus, sensitive and rapid detection of stress biomarkers (e.g., cortisol) is important for management of [...] Read more.
Stress biomarkers such as hormones and neurotransmitters in bodily fluids can indicate an individual’s physical and mental state, as well as influence their quality of life and health. Thus, sensitive and rapid detection of stress biomarkers (e.g., cortisol) is important for management of various diseases with harmful symptoms, including post-traumatic stress disorder and depression. Here, we describe rapid and sensitive cortisol detection based on a conducting polymer (CP) nanotube (NT) field-effect transistor (FET) platform. The synthesized polypyrrole (PPy) NT was functionalized with the cortisol antibody immunoglobulin G (IgG) for the sensitive and specific detection of cortisol hormone. The anti-cortisol IgG was covalently attached to a basal plane of PPy NT through an amide bond between the carboxyl group of PPy NT and the amino group of anti-cortisol IgG. The resulting field-effect transistor-type biosensor was utilized to evaluate various cortisol concentrations. Cortisol was sensitively measured to a detection limit of 2.7 × 10−10 M (100 pg/mL), with a dynamic range of 2.7 × 10−10 to 10−7 M; it exhibited rapid responses (<5 s). We believe that our approach can serve as an alternative to time-consuming and labor-intensive health questionnaires; it can also be used for diagnosis of underlying stress-related disorders. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Conductive Nanomaterial-Based Chem/Bio Sensors)
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11 pages, 2151 KiB  
Article
Three-Dimensional Au/Holey-Graphene as Efficient Electrochemical Interface for Simultaneous Determination of Ascorbic Acid, Dopamine and Uric Acid
by Aihua Jing, Gaofeng Liang, Yixin Yuan and Wenpo Feng
Micromachines 2019, 10(2), 84; https://doi.org/10.3390/mi10020084 - 24 Jan 2019
Cited by 11 | Viewed by 3275
Abstract
The quantification of ascorbic acid (AA), dopamine (DA), and uric acid (UA) has been an important area of research, as these molecules’ determination directly corresponds to the diagnosis and control of diseases of nerve and brain physiology. In our research, graphene oxide (GO) [...] Read more.
The quantification of ascorbic acid (AA), dopamine (DA), and uric acid (UA) has been an important area of research, as these molecules’ determination directly corresponds to the diagnosis and control of diseases of nerve and brain physiology. In our research, graphene oxide (GO) with nano pores deposited with gold nanoparticles were self-assembled to form three-dimensional (3D) Au/holey-graphene oxide (Au/HGO) composite structures. The as-prepared 3DAu/HGO composite structures were characterized for their structures by X-ray diffraction, Raman spectrum, scanning electron microscopy, and transmission electron microscopy coupled with cyclic voltammograms. Finally, the proposed 3DAu/HGO displayed high sensitivity, excellent electron transport properties, and selectivity for the simultaneous electrochemical determination of AA, DA and UA with linear response ranges of 1.0–500 μM, 0.01–50 μM and 0.05–50 μM respectively. This finding paves the way for graphene applications as a biosensor for detecting three analytes in human serum. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Conductive Nanomaterial-Based Chem/Bio Sensors)
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