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Micromachines
Special Issues
Biofabrication and 3D Bioprinting
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Biofabrication and 3D Bioprinting

A special issue of Micromachines (ISSN 2072-666X). This special issue belongs to the section "B：Biology and Biomedicine".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (28 February 2021) | Viewed by 19675

Special Issue Editor

Dr. Pedro Costa

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
BIOFABICS, Rua Alfredo Allen 455, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
Interests: biofabrication; additive manufacturing; organs-on-chips; bioreactors; commercialization

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Automation and digitalization are completely revolutionizing manufacturing. Biofabrication perfectly embodies this revolution in the sense that it relies on highly automated tools, such as 3D bioprinting and bioreactors, in order to generate complex biological-based constructs. As these technologies evolve, we are witnessing substantial improvements in terms of speed and resolution, which in turn result in greater process efficiency and repeatability, as well as in lower production costs. Biofabricated constructs are also becoming increasingly detailed, being able to more closely mimic the extreme complexity found in biological processes and structures. Upon translation to the market, these advancements promise to radically change many important industries, namely within the health, food, and textile sectors.

This Special Issue seeks to showcase research papers, short communications, and review articles that focus on novel developments related with biofabrication and its use for various biomedicine- and biotechnology-based applications.

We look forward to receiving your submissions.

Dr. Pedro Costa
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Micromachines is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • biofabrication
  • 3D bioprinting
  • additive manufacturing
  • bioreactors

Published Papers (4 papers)

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Research

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15 pages, 4415 KiB  
Article
Temperature and Humidity PID Controller for a Bioprinter Atmospheric Enclosure System
by Manuel Matamoros, J. Carlos Gómez-Blanco, Álvaro J. Sánchez, Enrique Mancha, Alfonso C. Marcos, J. Pablo Carrasco-Amador and J. Blas Pagador
Micromachines 2020, 11(11), 999; https://doi.org/10.3390/mi11110999 - 12 Nov 2020
Cited by 13 | Viewed by 3882
Abstract
Bioprinting is a complex process, highly dependent on bioink properties (materials and cells) and environmental conditions (mainly temperature, humidity and CO2 concentration) during the bioprinting process. To guarantee proper cellular viability and an accurate geometry, it is mandatory to control all these [...] Read more.
Bioprinting is a complex process, highly dependent on bioink properties (materials and cells) and environmental conditions (mainly temperature, humidity and CO2 concentration) during the bioprinting process. To guarantee proper cellular viability and an accurate geometry, it is mandatory to control all these factors. Despite internal factors, such as printing pressures, temperatures or speeds, being well-controlled in actual bioprinters, there is a lack in the controlling of external parameters, such as room temperature or humidity. In this sense, the objective of this work is to control the temperature and humidity of a new, atmospheric enclosure system for bioprinting. The control has been carried out with a decoupled proportional integral derivative (PID) controller that was designed, simulated and experimentally tested in order to ensure the proper operation of all its components. Finally, the PID controller can stabilize the atmospheric enclosure system temperature in 311 s and the humidity in 65 s, with an average error of 1.89% and 1.30%, respectively. In this sense, the proposed atmospheric enclosure system can reach and maintain the proper temperature and humidity values during post-printing and provide a pre-incubation environment that promotes stability, integrity and cell viability of the 3D bioprinted structures. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Biofabrication and 3D Bioprinting)
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14 pages, 3795 KiB  
Article
3D Printed Biomodels for Flow Visualization in Stenotic Vessels: An Experimental and Numerical Study
by Violeta Carvalho, Nelson Rodrigues, Ricardo Ribeiro, Pedro F. Costa, Rui A. Lima and Senhorinha F.C.F. Teixeira
Micromachines 2020, 11(6), 549; https://doi.org/10.3390/mi11060549 - 29 May 2020
Cited by 23 | Viewed by 4116
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is one of the most serious and common forms of cardiovascular disease and a major cause of death and disability worldwide. It is a multifactorial and complex disease that promoted several hemodynamic studies. Although in vivo studies more accurately represent the physiological [...] Read more.
Atherosclerosis is one of the most serious and common forms of cardiovascular disease and a major cause of death and disability worldwide. It is a multifactorial and complex disease that promoted several hemodynamic studies. Although in vivo studies more accurately represent the physiological conditions, in vitro experiments more reliably control several physiological variables and most adequately validate numerical flow studies. Here, a hemodynamic study in idealized stenotic and healthy coronary arteries is presented by applying both numerical and in vitro approaches through computational fluid dynamics simulations and a high-speed video microscopy technique, respectively. By means of stereolithography 3D printing technology, biomodels with three different resolutions were used to perform experimental flow studies. The results showed that the biomodel printed with a resolution of 50 μm was able to most accurately visualize flow due to its lowest roughness values (Ra = 1.8 μm). The flow experimental results showed a qualitatively good agreement with the blood flow numerical data, providing a clear observation of recirculation regions when the diameter reduction reached 60%. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Biofabrication and 3D Bioprinting)
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10 pages, 2357 KiB  
Article
Development of a Disposable Single-Nozzle Printhead for 3D Bioprinting of Continuous Multi-Material Constructs
by Tiffany Cameron, Emad Naseri, Ben MacCallum and Ali Ahmadi
Micromachines 2020, 11(5), 459; https://doi.org/10.3390/mi11050459 - 28 Apr 2020
Cited by 14 | Viewed by 6067
Abstract
Fabricating multi-cell constructs in complex geometries is essential in the field of tissue engineering, and three-dimensional (3D) bioprinting is widely used for this purpose. To enhance the biological and mechanical integrity of the printed constructs, continuous single-nozzle printing is required. In this paper, [...] Read more.
Fabricating multi-cell constructs in complex geometries is essential in the field of tissue engineering, and three-dimensional (3D) bioprinting is widely used for this purpose. To enhance the biological and mechanical integrity of the printed constructs, continuous single-nozzle printing is required. In this paper, a novel single-nozzle printhead for 3D bioprinting of multi-material constructs was developed and characterized. The single-nozzle multi-material bioprinting was achieved via a disposable, inexpensive, multi-fuse IV extension set; the printhead can print up to four different biomaterials. The transition distance of the developed printhead was characterized over a range of pressures and needle inner diameters. Finally, the transition distance was decreased by applying a silicon coating to the inner channels of the printhead. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Biofabrication and 3D Bioprinting)
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Review

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17 pages, 15468 KiB  
Review
Miniaturization and 3D Printing of Bioreactors: A Technological Mini Review
by Spyridon Achinas, Jorn-Ids Heins, Janneke Krooneman and Gerrit Jan Willem Euverink
Micromachines 2020, 11(9), 853; https://doi.org/10.3390/mi11090853 - 14 Sep 2020
Cited by 6 | Viewed by 5055
Abstract
Many articles have been published on scale-down concepts as well as additive manufacturing techniques. However, information is scarce when miniaturization and 3D printing are applied in the fabrication of bioreactor systems. Therefore, garnering information for the interfaces between miniaturization and 3D printing becomes [...] Read more.
Many articles have been published on scale-down concepts as well as additive manufacturing techniques. However, information is scarce when miniaturization and 3D printing are applied in the fabrication of bioreactor systems. Therefore, garnering information for the interfaces between miniaturization and 3D printing becomes important and essential. The first goal is to examine the miniaturization aspects concerning bioreactor screening systems. The second goal is to review successful modalities of 3D printing and its applications in bioreactor manufacturing. This paper intends to provide information on anaerobic digestion process intensification by fusion of miniaturization technique and 3D printing technology. In particular, it gives a perspective on the challenges of 3D printing and the options of miniature bioreactor systems for process high-throughput screening. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Biofabrication and 3D Bioprinting)
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