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Micromachines
Special Issues
Advanced Laser Fabrication for Optical Sensors
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Advanced Laser Fabrication for Optical Sensors

A special issue of Micromachines (ISSN 2072-666X). This special issue belongs to the section "D：Materials and Processing".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (28 February 2023) | Viewed by 5296

Special Issue Editors

Prof. Dr. Jun He

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
Interests: advanced laser fabrication; optical fiber sensors; fiber Bragg gratings
Prof. Dr. Changrui Liao

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
Interests: femtosecond laser micromachining; optical fiber sensors; optofluidics
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Prof. Dr. George Y. Chen

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
Interests: optical fiber sensors; femtosecond laser micromachining
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Laser inscription/micromachining is widely recognized as the most efficient and flexible class of technologies for fabrication of micro- and nano-scale optical structures in transparent materials. In the fields of integrated photonics and fiber optics, direct writing of laser beams can realize important optical devices, such as splitters, couplers, gratings, resonators, interferometers, amplifiers, and laser oscillators, which are the fundamental building blocks of global infrastructure and advanced industrial tools. Owing to the versatility of lasers, optical structures can be precisely and reproducibly created in a wide variety of materials. In particular, a wide variety of optical sensors, being the backbone of the Internet of Things (IoT) and Industry 4.0, have been achieved using advanced laser fabrication technologies. Methods such as femtosecond laser micromachining, excimer laser processing, laser additive manufacturing, and laser 3D printing, support the continuous development of optical sensors and are often the source of innovations. A wide range of optical sensors, including temperature sensors, strain sensors, pressure sensors, flowmeters, gyroscopes, accelerometers, microphones, hydrophones, and 3D shape sensors, have already been developed using such methods. However, to fully exploit the laser fabrication technologies, there are a number of challenges that researchers and engineers must overcome. For example, laser-induced photosensitivity in transparent materials, beam-shaping methods for laser fabrication, cross-sensitivity of optical sensors, and the stability of optical sensors at high temperatures, still require further studies. To illuminate the steady progress of advanced laser fabrication for optical sensors, this Special Issue serves to highlight important research papers, short communications, and review articles that focus on: (1) optical sensors based on advanced laser fabrication, featuring novel design, fabrication, and characterization; and (2) advances in the applications of laser-fabricated optical sensors in industries including aerospace, industry, defense, agriculture, environment, and medicine.

Prof. Dr. Jun He
Prof. Dr. George Y. Chen
Prof. Dr. Changrui Liao
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Micromachines is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • femtosecond laser micromachining
  • excimer laser processing
  • laser ablation and welding
  • laser additive manufacturing and 3D printing
  • optical fiber sensors
  • waveguide sensors
  • free-space optical sensors

Published Papers (3 papers)

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Research

10 pages, 39816 KiB  
Article
Laser Welding of Fiber and Quartz Glass Ferrule
by Wenhua Wang
Micromachines 2023, 14(5), 939; https://doi.org/10.3390/mi14050939 - 26 Apr 2023
Viewed by 1333
Abstract
Optical fiber sensors fabricated by bonding have several limitations. To address these limitations, a CO2 laser welding process for an optical fiber and quartz glass ferrule is proposed in this study. A deep penetration welding method with optimal penetration (penetrating the base [...] Read more.
Optical fiber sensors fabricated by bonding have several limitations. To address these limitations, a CO2 laser welding process for an optical fiber and quartz glass ferrule is proposed in this study. A deep penetration welding method with optimal penetration (penetrating the base material only) is presented to weld a workpiece according to the requirements of the optical fiber light transmission, size characteristics of the optical fiber, and the keyhole effect of the deep penetration laser welding. Moreover, the influence of laser action time on the keyhole penetration is studied. Finally, laser welding is performed with a frequency of 24 kHz, power of 60 W, and duty cycle of 80% for 0.9 s. Subsequently, the optical fiber is subjected to out-of-focus annealing (0.83 mm, 20% duty cycle). The results show that deep penetration welding produces a perfect welding spot and has good quality; the hole generated from deep penetration welding has a smooth surface; the fiber can bear a maximum tensile force of 1.766 N. The performance of the optical fiber sensor is stable, and the maximum pressure deviation corresponding to the cavity length fluctuation is about 7.2 Pa. Additionally, the linear correlation coefficient R of the sensor is 0.99998. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Laser Fabrication for Optical Sensors)
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11 pages, 3146 KiB  
Article
High-Quality Fiber Bragg Gratings Inscribed by Femtosecond Laser Point-by-Point Technology
by Runxiao Chen, Jun He, Xizhen Xu, Jiafeng Wu, Ying Wang and Yiping Wang
Micromachines 2022, 13(11), 1808; https://doi.org/10.3390/mi13111808 - 23 Oct 2022
Cited by 7 | Viewed by 2293
Abstract
We experimentally studied the inscription of fiber Bragg gratings by using femtosecond (fs) laser point-by-point (PbP) technology. The effects of the focusing geometry, grating order, laser energy and grating length on the spectral characteristics of the PbP FBG were investigated. After [...] Read more.
We experimentally studied the inscription of fiber Bragg gratings by using femtosecond (fs) laser point-by-point (PbP) technology. The effects of the focusing geometry, grating order, laser energy and grating length on the spectral characteristics of the PbP FBG were investigated. After optimizing these parameters, a high-quality first-order PbP FBG with a reflectivity > 99.9% (i.e., Bragg resonance attenuation of 37.7 dB) and insertion loss (IL) of 0.03 dB was successfully created. Moreover, taking advantage of the excellent flexibility of the fs laser PbP technology, high-quality FBGs with various Bragg wavelengths ranging from 856 to 1902.6 nm were inscribed. Furthermore, wavelength-division-multiplexed (WDM) FBG arrays consisting of 10 FBGs were rapidly constructed. Additionally, a Fabry-Perot cavity was realized by using two high-quality FBGs, and its birefringence could be reduced from 3.04 × 10−5 to 1.77 × 10−6 by using a slit beam shaping-assisted femtosecond laser PbP technology. Therefore, such high-quality FBGs are promising to improve the performance of optical fiber sensors, lasers and communication devices. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Laser Fabrication for Optical Sensors)
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11 pages, 4783 KiB  
Article
Study of the Explosive Bridge Film Using Laser Shaping Technology
by Dangjuan Li, Siyu Li, Kexuan Wang, Junxia Cheng, Jia Wang, Shenjiang Wu and Junhong Su
Micromachines 2022, 13(6), 854; https://doi.org/10.3390/mi13060854 - 29 May 2022
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1277
Abstract
Laser shaping technology and its applications have gained widespread attention in different fields. Using laser repair technology prolongs the service life of micro-explosive products and reduces the production cost, as well as enables the recycling of resources. Although most research mainly focuses on [...] Read more.
Laser shaping technology and its applications have gained widespread attention in different fields. Using laser repair technology prolongs the service life of micro-explosive products and reduces the production cost, as well as enables the recycling of resources. Although most research mainly focuses on aspheric surface shaping and testing technology, only a few studies on repair technology for micro-explosive products using laser shaping have been reported. To promote the better application of laser shaping technology in the production and repair process of micro-explosive components, this work mainly studied the effect of laser shaping on the repair of an explosive bridge film to enhance the ignition performance and prevent damage. Different processes were used to repair the metal film using laser shaping and non-shaping, respectively. Furthermore, we investigated the similarities and differences of a laser-damaged film surface before and after shaping, and the influence of laser energy parameters on the microstructure and ignition properties of the repaired region. Additionally, we obtained a reasonable repair scheme by analyzing the temperature field variation from the simulation. The results show that the damage caused by the non-shaping and shaping lasers can be repaired using the heat flow and vaporization methods, respectively. By controlling the process parameters, the quality of repair can be improved and the production cost of the bridge film can be reduced. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Laser Fabrication for Optical Sensors)
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