Deep Neural Networks: Theory, Algorithms and Applications

A special issue of Mathematics (ISSN 2227-7390). This special issue belongs to the section "Computational and Applied Mathematics".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 31 March 2025 | Viewed by 1904

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Departamento de Ingeniería Industrial y Manufactura, Universidad Autónoma de Ciudad Juaréz, Ciudad Juárez, Mexico
Interests: computer vision; augmented reality; mechatronics
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

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Institute of Engineering and Technology, Universidad Autonoma de Ciudad Juarez, Av. del Charro, 450 norte, Ciudad Juárez, Chihuahua, Mexico
Interests: artificial intelligence; neural networks; computer vision; augmented reality

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División Multidisciplinaria en Ciudad Universitaria, Universidad Autónoma de Ciudad Juárez, Av. José de Jesús Delgado 18100, Ciudad Juárez 32310, Chihuahua, Mexico
Interests: big data classification; meta-learning; class imbalance; time series; ensembles, neural networks
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Machine Learning (ML) algorithms, as a central branch of Artificial Intelligence (AI), are changing how automatic classification tasks are solved. Moreover, thanks to the progress in hardware technologies, the researchers are experimenting with a significant change oriented to using Deep Learning (DL) techniques instead of traditional ML. Nowadays, DL can be implemented not only in powerful computers but also in mobile devices.

One example of DL is a Deep Neural Network (DNN). A DNN comprises many hidden layers between the input and output layers. Using a DNN, it is less challenging to encounter responses to problems that only offered answers in the past.

This Special Issue aims to help the scientific community disseminate new theories, advances, and applications regarding Deep Neural Networks. We welcome theoretical and practical papers. Topics of interest include, but are not limited to:

  • Novel Deep Neural Networks Architectures.
  • Theoretical Explanations of Deep Neural Networks.
  • Applications of Deep Neural Networks.
  • Transfer Learning in Deep Neural Networks.
  • Managing Extensive and Short Data Sets with Deep Neural Networks.
  • Integration of Hybrid Models.
  • Hardware implementation of Deep Neural Networks.

Prof. Dr. Osslan Osiris Vergara Villegas
Prof. Dr. Vianey Guadalupe Cruz Sánchez
Prof. Dr. Vicente García
Guest Editors

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Keywords

  • deep learning
  • convolutional neural networks
  • deep believe networks
  • deep reinforcement learning
  • generative adversarial networks
  • recursive neural networks
  • transformers

Published Papers (2 papers)

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Research

24 pages, 22476 KiB  
Article
Method for Human Ear Localization in Controlled and Uncontrolled Environments
by Eydi Lopez-Hernandez, Andrea Magadan-Salazar, Raúl Pinto-Elías, Nimrod González-Franco and Miguel A. Zuniga-Garcia
Mathematics 2024, 12(7), 1062; https://doi.org/10.3390/math12071062 - 01 Apr 2024
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Abstract
One of the fundamental stages in recognizing people by their ears, which most works omit, is locating the area of interest. The sets of images used for experiments generally contain only the ear, which is not appropriate for application in a real environment, [...] Read more.
One of the fundamental stages in recognizing people by their ears, which most works omit, is locating the area of interest. The sets of images used for experiments generally contain only the ear, which is not appropriate for application in a real environment, where the visual field may contain part of or the entire face, a human body, or objects other than the ear. Therefore, determining the exact area where the ear is located is complicated, mainly in uncontrolled environments. This paper proposes a method for ear localization in controlled and uncontrolled environments using MediaPipe, a tool for face localization, and YOLOv5s architecture for detecting the ear. The proposed method first determines whether there are cues that indicate that a face exists in an image, and then, using the MediaPipe facial mesh, the points where an ear potentially exists are obtained. The extracted points are employed to determine the ear length based on the proportions of the human body proposed by Leonardo Da Vinci. Once the dimensions of the ear are obtained, the delimitation of the area of interest is carried out. If the required elements are not found, the model uses the YOLOv5s architecture module, trained to recognize ears in controlled environments. We employed four datasets for testing (i) In-the-wild Ear Database, (ii) IIT Delhi Ear Database, (iii) AMI Ear Database, and (iv) EarVN1.0. Also, we used images from the Internet and some acquired using a Redmi Note 11 cell phone camera. An accuracy of 97% with an error of 3% was obtained with the proposed method, which is a competitive measure considering that tests were conducted in controlled and uncontrolled environments, unlike state-of-the-art methods. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Deep Neural Networks: Theory, Algorithms and Applications)
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26 pages, 5580 KiB  
Article
Demystifying Deep Learning Building Blocks
by Humberto de Jesús Ochoa Domínguez, Vianey Guadalupe Cruz Sánchez and Osslan Osiris Vergara Villegas
Mathematics 2024, 12(2), 296; https://doi.org/10.3390/math12020296 - 17 Jan 2024
Viewed by 878
Abstract
Building deep learning models proposed by third parties can become a simple task when specialized libraries are used. However, much mystery still surrounds the design of new models or the modification of existing ones. These tasks require in-depth knowledge of the different components [...] Read more.
Building deep learning models proposed by third parties can become a simple task when specialized libraries are used. However, much mystery still surrounds the design of new models or the modification of existing ones. These tasks require in-depth knowledge of the different components or building blocks and their dimensions. This information is limited and broken up in different literature. In this article, we collect and explain the building blocks used to design deep learning models in depth, starting from the artificial neuron to the concepts involved in building deep neural networks. Furthermore, the implementation of each building block is exemplified using the Keras library. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Deep Neural Networks: Theory, Algorithms and Applications)
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