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Magnetochemistry
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Magnetic Nanoparticles for Biomedicine 2022
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Magnetic Nanoparticles for Biomedicine 2022

A special issue of Magnetochemistry (ISSN 2312-7481). This special issue belongs to the section "Applications of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (30 April 2023) | Viewed by 9691

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Sebastian Schwaminger

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Guest Editor
Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 02139, MA, USA
Interests: magnetic nanoparticles; surfaces; interfaces; separation processes
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Lyubov Bondarenko

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of General Engineering, Moscow Aviation Institute, National Research University, 125299 Moscow, Russia
Interests: microstructure; nanoparticles; magnetic nanoparticles; surfaces; silanes

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Magnetic nanomaterials are extremely versatile and can be used in multiple applications. However, there are many challenges for nanoparticle systems in biomedicine—both regulatory and related to the complex bodily fluids that make it difficult to control nanomaterials for biomedical applications. This Special Issue specifically addresses these challenges: How can we control magnetic nanoparticles through external fields? How can we control the interface of nanomaterials and their aggregation within complex fluids? The manipulation and control of magnetic nanoparticles and nanomaterials by external fields and environments is the focus of this Special Issue. This could include medical in vivo or in vitro studies of drug delivery agents based on magnetic delivery or hyperthermia and contrast agent applications for magnetic resonance imaging. Other magnetic separation processes and magnetic nanorobot applications are welcome as well.

Dr. Sebastian Schwaminger
Dr. Lyubov Bondarenko
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Magnetochemistry is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2700 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • magnetic nanoparticles
  • hyperthermia
  • magnetic resonance imaging
  • contrast agents
  • magnetic separation
  • drug delivery

Published Papers (5 papers)

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Research

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13 pages, 2503 KiB  
Article
Nanomaterial Endocytosis: Quantification of Adsorption and Ingestion Mechanisms
by Abhinav Sannidhi, Chen Zhou, Young Suk Choi, Allan E. David, Paul W. Todd and Thomas R. Hanley
Magnetochemistry 2023, 9(2), 37; https://doi.org/10.3390/magnetochemistry9020037 - 19 Jan 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1671
Abstract
The widespread use of nanomaterials in vaccines, therapeutics, and industrial applications creates an increasing demand for understanding their ingestion by living cells. Researchers in the field have called for a more robust understanding of physical/chemical particle–cell interactions and a means to determine the [...] Read more.
The widespread use of nanomaterials in vaccines, therapeutics, and industrial applications creates an increasing demand for understanding their ingestion by living cells. Researchers in the field have called for a more robust understanding of physical/chemical particle–cell interactions and a means to determine the particles ingested per cell. Using superparamagnetic nanobeads, we measured the beads per cell and quantified the kinetics of the receptor-independent endocytosis of particles having seven surface chemistries. Poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG)-coated nanoparticles were ingested less effectively by cultured Chinese hamster ovary (CHO-K1) cells and more effectively by aminated nanoparticles than starch-coated particles. The cells ingested 2 to 4 × 105 of the most attractive particles. The interplay between Van der Waals and coulombic potentials was quantified on the basis of Derjaguin–Landau–Verwey–Overbeek (DLVO) theory modified to include hydration repulsion using physical parameters of the seven surface chemistries. Using dose–response curves for inhibitors of clathrin- or caveolae-dependent ingestion, we quantified how particle surface chemistry determines which endocytic pathway is used by the cell. Such characterization can be useful in predicting nanomaterial uptake in medical and toxicological applications and in the selection of particle surface chemistries for receptor-dependent endocytosis. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Magnetic Nanoparticles for Biomedicine 2022)
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15 pages, 2195 KiB  
Article
Impact of Silica-Modification and Oxidation on the Crystal Structure of Magnetite Nanoparticles
by Artur Dzeranov, Lyubov Bondarenko, Denis Pankratov, Gulzhian Dzhardimalieva, Sharipa Jorobekova, Daniel Saman and Kamila Kydralieva
Magnetochemistry 2023, 9(1), 18; https://doi.org/10.3390/magnetochemistry9010018 - 02 Jan 2023
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 1751
Abstract
At present, the widespread use of iron oxide nanoparticles, including for commercial purposes, requires strict preservation of their phase composition during their application. The choice of nanoparticle modifier and modification conditions is decisive due to their high sensitivity to oxygen in the case [...] Read more.
At present, the widespread use of iron oxide nanoparticles, including for commercial purposes, requires strict preservation of their phase composition during their application. The choice of nanoparticle modifier and modification conditions is decisive due to their high sensitivity to oxygen in the case of using real conditions (O2, pH change, etc.). In this work, we studied the change in the phase composition of magnetite nanoparticles after modification with 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APTES) and oxidation with nitric acid in order to estimate the protective potential of the silica shell. After modification by APTES and oxidation with nitric acid, the nonstoichiometric nature of the magnetite nanoparticles according to XRD data increased, which indicates an increase in transition forms compared to the initial sample (magnetite content decreased to 27% and 24%, respectively). In contrast, Mössbauer spectroscopy data detected a decrease in the nonstoichiometric index due to APTES modification conditions, but strong oxidation after exposure to nitric acid. It also showed that by analyzing the data of the diffraction analysis and Mössbauer spectroscopy for the same sample, one can obtain information not only about the ionic composition of “magnetite”, but also about the distribution of iron ions of different charges over the crystalline and amorphous parts of the preparation. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Magnetic Nanoparticles for Biomedicine 2022)
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14 pages, 3266 KiB  
Article
Iron Oxides Nanoparticles as Components of Ferroptosis-Inducing Systems: Screening of Potential Candidates
by Artur Dzeranov, Lyubov Bondarenko, Denis Pankratov, Mikhail Prokof‘ev, Gulzhian Dzhardimalieva, Sharipa Jorobekova, Nataliya Tropskaya, Ludmila Telegina and Kamila Kydralieva
Magnetochemistry 2023, 9(1), 3; https://doi.org/10.3390/magnetochemistry9010003 - 23 Dec 2022
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1241
Abstract
This study presents an analysis of a set of iron oxides nanoparticles (NPs) (γ-Fe2O3, α-FeOOH, δ-FeOOH, 5Fe2O3·9H2O, and Fe3O4) as potential candidates for ferroptosis therapy in terms of a [...] Read more.
This study presents an analysis of a set of iron oxides nanoparticles (NPs) (γ-Fe2O3, α-FeOOH, δ-FeOOH, 5Fe2O3·9H2O, and Fe3O4) as potential candidates for ferroptosis therapy in terms of a phase state, magnetic characteristics, and the release of Fe2+/Fe3+ as ROS mediators. Due to the values of saturation magnetization for Fe3O4 (31.6 emu/g) and γ-Fe2O3 (33.8 emu/g), as well as the surface area of these particles (130 and 123 m2/g), it is possible to consider them as promising magnetically controlled carriers that can function with various ligands. The evaluation of the release of Fe2+/Fe3+ ions as catalysts for the Fenton reaction showed that the concentration of the released ions increases within first 3 h after suspension and decreases within 24 h, which probably indicates desorption and adsorption of ions from/onto the surface of nanoparticles regardless their nature. The concentration of ions released by all nanoparticles, except α-FeOOH-Fe2+, reached 9.1 mg/L for Fe3+ to 1.7 mg/L for Fe2+, which makes them preferable for controlling the catalysis of the Fenton reaction. In contrast, a high concentration of iron ions to 90 mg/L for Fe3+ and 316 mg/L for Fe2+ released from compound α-FeOOH-Fe2+ allows us to utilize this oxide as an aid therapy agent. Results obtained on iron oxide nanoparticles will provide data for the most prospective candidates that are used in ferroptosis-inducing systems. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Magnetic Nanoparticles for Biomedicine 2022)
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15 pages, 5772 KiB  
Article
Magnetophoretic Cell Sorting: Comparison of Different 3D-Printed Millifluidic Devices
by Niclas Reiter, Jan Auchter, Marius Weber, Sonja Berensmeier and Sebastian P. Schwaminger
Magnetochemistry 2022, 8(10), 113; https://doi.org/10.3390/magnetochemistry8100113 - 21 Sep 2022
Viewed by 1792
Abstract
Cell sorting is a highly applicable technology for multiple biological, biotechnological, and medical applications. Magnetic cell sorting can be realized with microfluidic and millifluidic flow cells. Additive manufacturing and 3D printing allow for fast prototyping and validating separation processes on this small scale. [...] Read more.
Cell sorting is a highly applicable technology for multiple biological, biotechnological, and medical applications. Magnetic cell sorting can be realized with microfluidic and millifluidic flow cells. Additive manufacturing and 3D printing allow for fast prototyping and validating separation processes on this small scale. Therefore, our novel approach is to use this technology to print millifluidic channels and to directly evaluate them on their magnetic separation performance and their handling for cell manipulation. In this study, two different flow cells manufactured with a 3D printer are compared in regard to their use for the magnetic cell sorting of algae. One linear flow cell geometry and one spiraling flow cell geometry have been investigated with perpendicular magnetic fields. Iron oxide nanoparticles have been synthesized and characterized prior to their use as a magnetic label for algae cells. Particle uptake by algae are investigated by a phenanthroline assay, and the particle/algae mixtures are studied by microscopy, dynamic light scattering, zeta potential, and magnetophoretic mobility measurements. Depending on magnetic susceptibility, the cells undergo different magnetophoretic forces. Interestingly, the spiraling geometry leads to a better fractionation of algae cells in accordance with their iron oxide load. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Magnetic Nanoparticles for Biomedicine 2022)
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Review

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28 pages, 2947 KiB  
Review
Biological Applications of Silica-Based Nanoparticles
by Franciele da Silva Bruckmann, Franciane Batista Nunes, Theodoro da Rosa Salles, Camila Franco, Francine Carla Cadoná and Cristiano Rodrigo Bohn Rhoden
Magnetochemistry 2022, 8(10), 131; https://doi.org/10.3390/magnetochemistry8100131 - 18 Oct 2022
Cited by 17 | Viewed by 2520
Abstract
Silica nanoparticles have been widely explored in biomedical applications, mainly related to drug delivery and cancer treatment. These nanoparticles have excellent properties, high biocompatibility, chemical and thermal stability, and ease of functionalization. Moreover, silica is used to coat magnetic nanoparticles protecting against acid [...] Read more.
Silica nanoparticles have been widely explored in biomedical applications, mainly related to drug delivery and cancer treatment. These nanoparticles have excellent properties, high biocompatibility, chemical and thermal stability, and ease of functionalization. Moreover, silica is used to coat magnetic nanoparticles protecting against acid leaching and aggregation as well as increasing cytocompatibility. This review reports the recent advances of silica-based magnetic nanoparticles focusing on drug delivery, drug target systems, and their use in magnetohyperthermia and magnetic resonance imaging. Notwithstanding, the application in other biomedical fields is also reported and discussed. Finally, this work provides an overview of the challenges and perspectives related to the use of silica-based magnetic nanoparticles in the biomedical field. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Magnetic Nanoparticles for Biomedicine 2022)
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