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Fundamental Aspects of Atherosclerosis: Scientific Research for Improving the Technologies...
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Fundamental Aspects of Atherosclerosis: Scientific Research for Improving the Technologies of Personalized Medicine

A special issue of Journal of Personalized Medicine (ISSN 2075-4426). This special issue belongs to the section "Methodology, Drug and Device Discovery".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 August 2023) | Viewed by 5305

Special Issue Editor

Prof. Dr. Yuliya I. Ragino

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Institute of Internal and Preventive Medicine–Branch of Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, 630089 Novosibirsk, Russia
Interests: key biochemical markers; the pathogenesis of metabolic syndrome and obesity
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The worldwide prevalence of atherosclerosis and associated diseases is growing on an epidemic scale. The early detection of atherosclerotic changes requires modern molecular genetic, biochemical, pathophysiological, and equipment studies, which enable a personalized approach to the choice of treatment.

Personalized medicine includes a range of approaches to healthcare based on factual data: from precise molecular diagnostics to predicting the onset or development of a disease on the basis of genetic research.

We are pleased to invite you to submit papers with the results of basic research on atherosclerosis aimed at improving the technologies for the prevention, diagnosis, risk assessment, and treatment of atherosclerosis from the standpoint of personalized medicine.

This Special Issue aims to familiarize physicians and researchers with the latest advances in the basic research of atherosclerosis from the standpoint of personalized medicine.

In this Special Issue, original research articles and reviews are welcome. Research areas may include (but are not limited to) the following:

  • Experimental research in the field of atherosclerosis;
  • Biochemical studies on atherosclerosis;
  • Genomics, GWAS, and population genetics of atherosclerosis;
  • Atherosclerosis epigenetics and microRNAs;
  • Hereditary dyslipidemias;
  • Proteomic investigation of atherosclerosis;
  • Etiopathogenetic aspects of atherosclerosis;
  • Lipids, lipoproteins, and apolipoproteins;
  • Macrophages and atherosclerosis;
  • Vascular-wall remodeling and atherosclerosis;
  • Inflammation and atherosclerosis;
  • Oxidative stress and atherosclerosis;
  • Immunology of atherosclerosis;
  • Climatic–geographical and ethnic features of atherosclerosis development.

We look forward to receiving your contributions.

Prof. Dr. Yuliya I. Ragino
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Journal of Personalized Medicine is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • atherosclerosis
  • molecular genetic
  • biochemical
  • pathophysiological
  • personalized medicine
  • epigenetics
  • cardiovascular disease

Published Papers (5 papers)

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16 pages, 894 KiB  
Article
Pro-Inflammatory Biomarkers and Progression of Atherosclerosis in Patients with Myocardial Infarction with Non-Obstructive Coronary Artery Disease: 1-Year Follow-Up
by Vyacheslav V. Ryabov, Darya A. Vorobeva, Irina V. Kologrivova and Tatiana E. Suslova
J. Pers. Med. 2023, 13(12), 1669; https://doi.org/10.3390/jpm13121669 - 29 Nov 2023
Viewed by 1006
Abstract
The objective of our study was to evaluate the concentrations of pro-inflammatory biomarkers in patients with acute myocardial infarction with non-obstructive coronary arteries (MINOCA) compared to patients with acute myocardial infarction with obstructive coronary arteries (MI-CAD) in the early post-infarction period and after [...] Read more.
The objective of our study was to evaluate the concentrations of pro-inflammatory biomarkers in patients with acute myocardial infarction with non-obstructive coronary arteries (MINOCA) compared to patients with acute myocardial infarction with obstructive coronary arteries (MI-CAD) in the early post-infarction period and after 1 year and to perform a comparative analysis of the relationship between laboratory biomarkers and atherosclerosis progression in patients with MINOCA and MI-CAD. Methods: Samples of peripheral venous blood were collected upon admission and on days 2, 4, and 7 of hospitalization and after 1 year. An extended multiplex analysis was performed in blood serum. Multidetector-computed tomography coronary angiography was performed on day 7 and 1 year after acute myocardial infarction to assess the progression of atherosclerosis. Results: The level of high-sensitive C-reactive protein (hsCRP) was elevated upon admission in MINOCA patients compared to MI-CAD patients (p = 0.05), but it was comparable in two groups at other time points and did not exceed the reference range after 1 year. Despite comparable levels of cytokines CXCL-6, LIGHT, CCL-8, and endocan-1 in patients in both groups, MINOCA patients had a greater increase in pro-inflammatory cytokines PlGF, oncostatin M, IL-20, and CCL-15 sVCAM-1 in the early post-infarction period and in CCL-21, sVCAM-1, oncostatin M, and PlGF after 1 year. We observed significant differences in the dynamics of the following biomarkers between patients with MI-CAD and MINOCA: the dynamics of concentrations of CCL21 (p = 0.002), LIGHT (p = 0.03), and endocan-1 (p = 0.03) after 1 year compared to day 1 in MI-CAD and MINOCA patients was opposite, while the dynamics of CXCL6 (p = 0.04) and endocan-1 (p = 0.02) differed between groups when evaluated after 1 year compared to day 7 of the early post-infarction period. In the MINOCA group, factors associated with atherosclerosis progression were concentrations of sVCAM-1 and CCL-21, while in the MI-CAD group, concentrations of CCL-8 and CXCL6 were the main determinants of atherosclerosis progression. Conclusions: This small study showed that MINOCA and MI-CAD patients exhibited differences in a pro-inflammatory biomarker profile in the early post-infarction period and after 1-year follow-up, which implies distinct inflammatory pathways involved in atherogenesis during MINOCA. The key factors that were associated with atherosclerosis progression in MINOCA patients are sVCAM-1 and CCL-21, which may suggest a complex genesis of atherosclerosis progression due to structurally altered plaques and changes in the microcirculatory bed. In MI-CAD patients, CCL-8 and CXCL-6 were the key biomarkers associated with atherosclerosis progression. Further large-scale studies are required to confirm our data. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Fundamental Aspects of Atherosclerosis: Scientific Research for Improving the Technologies of Personalized Medicine)
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10 pages, 273 KiB  
Article
Association of the APOE Gene Polymorphism with Depression in White Adults in the WHO “MONICA-Psychosocial” Program
by Valery Gafarov, Elena Gromova, Elena Shakhtshneider, Igor Gagulin and Almira Gafarova
J. Pers. Med. 2023, 13(9), 1306; https://doi.org/10.3390/jpm13091306 - 26 Aug 2023
Viewed by 904
Abstract
The APOE gene polymorphism is associated with the risk of the development of several neurological disorders. The aim of the study was to investigate the association of the APOE gene polymorphism with depression in the white adult population aged 25–64 years in Novosibirsk [...] Read more.
The APOE gene polymorphism is associated with the risk of the development of several neurological disorders. The aim of the study was to investigate the association of the APOE gene polymorphism with depression in the white adult population aged 25–64 years in Novosibirsk (Western Siberia). The third screening of the WHO program “MONICA-psychosocial” was conducted in 1994–1995. In total, 403 men (the average age was 34 ± 0.4 years, the response was 71%) and 531 women (the average age was 35 ± 0.4 years, the response was 72%) of the open population of residents aged 25–64 years of the Oktyabrsky district of Novosibirsk were examined. The “MONICA-MOPSY” psychosocial questionnaire was used to assess depression. A high level of depression was found in 12.8% of the population: in 8.9% of men and in 15.8% of women. The frequencies of APOE gene polymorphism genotypes ε2/3, ε2/4, ε3/3, ε3/4, and ε4/4 were 14.9%, 3.1%, 61.6%, 17.5%, and 2.9%, respectively. Carrying the ε3/4 genotype of the APOE gene increased the odds of developing major depression by 2.167 times (95% CI 1.100–4.266) compared to carrying the ε3/3 genotype of the APOE gene in people without depression (χ2 = 5.120 df = 1 p = 0.024). Carriers of the ε4 allele were 2.089 times (95% CI 1.160–3.761) more likely to have a high level of depression than those without this allele and no depression (χ2 = 6.148 df = 1 p = 0.013), and 2.049 times (95% CI 1.117–3.758) more likely to have a moderate level of depression than those without this allele (χ2 = 5.470 df = 1 p < 0.019). The ε4 allele of the APOE gene is associated with a high level of depression. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Fundamental Aspects of Atherosclerosis: Scientific Research for Improving the Technologies of Personalized Medicine)
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12 pages, 1038 KiB  
Article
Associations of Adipocytokines and Early Renal Dysfunction in Young People on the Background of Dyslipidemia
by Evgeniia V. Garbuzova, Alyona D. Khudiakova, Lilia V. Shcherbakova, Elena V. Kashtanova, Yana V. Polonskaya, Ekaterina M. Stakhneva and Yulia I. Ragino
J. Pers. Med. 2023, 13(8), 1238; https://doi.org/10.3390/jpm13081238 - 9 Aug 2023
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Abstract
Background: There are data supporting the idea that atherogenic dyslipidemia is a risk factor for CKD and reduced GFR. The aim was to evaluate the associations between adipocytokines and early renal dysfunction in young people with dyslipidemia. Materials and methods: A population study [...] Read more.
Background: There are data supporting the idea that atherogenic dyslipidemia is a risk factor for CKD and reduced GFR. The aim was to evaluate the associations between adipocytokines and early renal dysfunction in young people with dyslipidemia. Materials and methods: A population study was conducted in IIPM—Branch of IC&G SB RAS, in 2013–2017. Furthermore, 1033 people were included in the study (469 men (45.4%) and 564 women (54.6%)). The study included blood sampling, anthropometric data, and adipokines by multiplex analysis. Results: Among people with reduced kidney function and DLP, men were 3.1 times more common than without DLP, women smoked 2 times less often, arterial hypertension was 7.8 times more common, and abdominal obesity was 2.7 times more common (and women with DLP were 3 times more likely than those without DLP). An increase in the level of resistin by 1 mcg/mL was associated with an increased chance of having renal dysfunction by 0.2%. An increase in the level of GIP was associated with an increased chance of having renal dysfunction by 1.1%. Conclusions: In young people with dyslipidemia, regardless of the presence of abdominal obesity, resistin and GIP are associated with the presence of renal dysfunction. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Fundamental Aspects of Atherosclerosis: Scientific Research for Improving the Technologies of Personalized Medicine)
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12 pages, 1005 KiB  
Article
The Concentration of PCSK9-Lp(a) Complexes and the Level of Blood Monocytes in Males with Coronary Atherosclerosis
by Anastasiia Yu. Filatova, Olga I. Afanasieva, Tatiana I. Arefieva, Alexandra V. Potekhina, Alexandra V. Tyurina, Elena A. Klesareva, Oksana A. Razova, Marat V. Ezhov and Sergey N. Pokrovsky
J. Pers. Med. 2023, 13(7), 1077; https://doi.org/10.3390/jpm13071077 - 29 Jun 2023
Viewed by 885
Abstract
In this study we analyzed the concentration of lipoprotein(a) (Lp(a)), PCSK9-Lp(a) complexes and the circulating monocyte subsets in coronary atherosclerosis. For this study, 257 patients with coronary atherosclerosis and 68 patients without stenotic atherosclerosis in the coronary, carotid and lower extremity arteries (control [...] Read more.
In this study we analyzed the concentration of lipoprotein(a) (Lp(a)), PCSK9-Lp(a) complexes and the circulating monocyte subsets in coronary atherosclerosis. For this study, 257 patients with coronary atherosclerosis and 68 patients without stenotic atherosclerosis in the coronary, carotid and lower extremity arteries (control group) were enrolled. The monocyte subpopulations (classical CD14++CD16-, intermediate CD14++CD16+ and non-classical CD14+CD16++) were analyzed by direct immunofluorescence and flow cytometry. The Lp(a) and PCSK9-Lp(a) complexes in the serum were detected by ELISA. The concentration of Lp(a) was higher in the coronary atherosclerosis group compared with the controls (23.0 (9.1; 73.3) mg/dL versus 10.7 (4.7; 25.0) mg/dL, p < 0.05). No correlations between the level of Lp(a) and the concentration of the PCSK9-Lp(a) complexes, nor between the level of Lp(a) or PCSK9 and the total number of monocytes, were observed in either group. A slight positive correlation between the concentration of PCSK9-Lp(a) complexes and the absolute level of monocytes was obtained (r = 0.20, p = 0.002) in the patients with atherosclerosis due to the intermediate monocyte subsets (r = 0.33, p = 0.04). According to regression analysis, both the PCSK9-Lp(a) complexes concentration and BMI were related to the absolute number of blood monocytes in patients with atherosclerosis. Further studies are required to determine the pathogenetic contribution of PCSK9-Lp(a) complexes to the development of atherosclerosis. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Fundamental Aspects of Atherosclerosis: Scientific Research for Improving the Technologies of Personalized Medicine)
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8 pages, 247 KiB  
Case Report
Pediatric Patients with Sitosterolemia: Next-Generation Sequencing and Biochemical Examination in Clinical Practice
by Valentina V. Miroshnikova, Petr A. Vasiluev, Svetlana V. Linkova, Vladislav M. Soloviov, Olga N. Ivanova, Ekaterina R. Tolmacheva, Vasilisa Y. Udalova, Polina V. Baranova, Darya Y. Aleksandrova, Tatiana V. Strokova, Irina M. Miklashevich, Artem D. Izumchenko, Kseniia V. Dracheva, Maria N. Grunina, Nataliya N. Smirnova, Anna S. Kuchina, Ekaterina Y. Zakharova and Sofya N. Pchelina
J. Pers. Med. 2023, 13(10), 1492; https://doi.org/10.3390/jpm13101492 - 14 Oct 2023
Viewed by 1130
Abstract
Here, we report the pediatric cases of sitosterolemia, a rare autosomal-recessive genetic disorder, characterized by high concentrations of plant sterols in blood and heterogeneity manifestations. All three patients (two girls aged 2 and 6 years old, and one boy aged 14 years old) [...] Read more.
Here, we report the pediatric cases of sitosterolemia, a rare autosomal-recessive genetic disorder, characterized by high concentrations of plant sterols in blood and heterogeneity manifestations. All three patients (two girls aged 2 and 6 years old, and one boy aged 14 years old) were initially diagnosed with hypercholesterinemia. Next-generation sequencing (NGS) revealed homozygous (p.Leu572Pro/p.Leu572Pro) and compound (p.Leu572Pro/p.Gly512Arg and p.Leu572Pro/p.Trp361*) variants in the ABCG8 gene that allowed for the diagnosis of sitosterolemia. Two patients whose blood phytosterol levels were estimated before the diet demonstrated high levels of sitosterol/campesterol (69.6/29.2 and 28.3/12.4 μmol/L, respectively). Here, we demonstrate that NGS-testing led to the proper diagnosis that is essential for patients’ management. The variant p.Leu572Pro might be prevalent among patients with sitosterolemia in Russia. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Fundamental Aspects of Atherosclerosis: Scientific Research for Improving the Technologies of Personalized Medicine)
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