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From High-Fidelity Models towards Engineering Tools for the Design of...
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From High-Fidelity Models towards Engineering Tools for the Design of Offshore Renewable Energy Technologies

A special issue of Journal of Marine Science and Engineering (ISSN 2077-1312). This special issue belongs to the section "Ocean Engineering".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (15 January 2022) | Viewed by 19002

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Vincenzo Nava

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
1. Tecnalia, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Edificio 700, 48160 Derio, Bizkaia, Spain
2. BCAM, Basque Centre for Applied Mathematics, Alameda Mazarredo, 14, 48009 Bilbao, Bizkaia, Spain
Interests: design of offshore renewable energy technologies; hydrodynamic modelling; resource modelling and analysis; stochastics dynamics
Dr. Markel Penalba

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
1. Fluid Mechanics Research Group, Mondragon University, 20500 Arrasate-Mondragon, Spain
2. Ikerbasque Basque Foundation for Science, Euskadi Plaza 5, Bilbao, Spain
Interests: marine renewable energies; renewable energy resource characterisation; climate re-analysis; long-term marine energy resource variations; statistical bias-correction; non-linear mathematical modelling; wind/wave-to-wire modelling; aero-elastic modelling; optimisation algorithms; operation & maintenance; techno-economic modelling; offshore green hydrogen

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Despite the significant increase of the cumulative offshore energy production (including offshore wind, tidal and wave energy, among others) in the last decade, the design of offshore renewable energy technologies is still affected by a high level of uncertainty. Therefore, both scientific and technical community are dedicating an outstanding effort to the creation of numerical models and software that can boost the development of offshore renewable energy technologies. These models allow for a high-fidelity prediction of the marine energy resource, the behaviour of the devices and their economic and environmental impacts, while, on the other hand, guarantee high levels of usability to technology developers and stakeholders on the process of reliable design.

The present Special Issue of the Journal of Marine Science and Engineering will be indeed dedicated to high-fidelity numerical models and engineering tools as a support of the development of offshore renewable energy technologies (wind, tidal and wave), so we encourage the submission of high-quality papers in the following areas:

  • Resource assessment models towards the design of offshore technologies,
  • Hydrodynamic and aerodynamic analysis, including array effects,
  • Subsystem design tools ( e.g. power take off, moorings & foundations, and electrical dispatch system),
  • Energy maximising or lifetime extending control,
  • Structural integrity and survivability,
  • Holistic resource-to-wire models,
  • Operation planning and logistics models,
  • Numerical tools for the estimation of techno-economic and environmental impacts
  • System Engineering approaches and tools supporting innovation of concepts, and
  • Frameworks for the assessment of the performance and readiness levels of the different technologies.

This Special Issue is supported by the Joint Research Laboratory on Offshore Renewable Energy (JRL-ORE). For more information visit

http://jrl-ore.com/

text

Dr. Vincenzo Nava
Dr. Markel Penalba
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Journal of Marine Science and Engineering is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • Resource modelling and characterisation
  • Hydrodynamics & Aerodynamics
  • Structural integrity
  • Holistic modelling
  • Control algorithms
  • Offshore operation and maintenance
  • Techno-economic optimisation
  • Technology readiness level

Published Papers (7 papers)

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Research

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22 pages, 7253 KiB  
Article
On the Definition of a Comprehensive Technology-Informed Accessibility Metric for Offshore Renewable Energy Site Selection
by Erim-Bora Konuk, Manu Centeno-Telleria, Ander Zarketa-Astigarraga, Jose-Ignacio Aizpurua, Giuseppe Giorgi, Giovanni Bracco and Markel Penalba
J. Mar. Sci. Eng. 2023, 11(9), 1702; https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse11091702 - 29 Aug 2023
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 788
Abstract
Despite the important role of offshore renewable energies (OREs) in the energy transition, the economical viability is still unclear. Therefore, an appropriate site selection is crucial. Besides the energy potential, the impact of operation and maintenance (O&M) aspects on the location can be [...] Read more.
Despite the important role of offshore renewable energies (OREs) in the energy transition, the economical viability is still unclear. Therefore, an appropriate site selection is crucial. Besides the energy potential, the impact of operation and maintenance (O&M) aspects on the location can be critical. Accessibility is one of the most relevant aspects for O&M, assessing the feasibility to access the ORE farm. However, traditional accessibility assessment metrics do not allow a comprehensive evaluation. Therefore, the present paper suggests a novel, technology-informed metric, incorporating the overall set of most critical aspects, i.e., metocean conditions, visibility due to sunlight and sea fog, system failures, and O&M logistics. Among the different aspects, limited visibility is shown to be highly relevant with a reduction of up to 60% in accessibility. The study assesses accessibility in five different locations across Europe. On the one hand, accessibility is shown to be less sensitive to long-term resource variations with a reduction of 5% in the last six decades. On the other hand, accessibility is overall shown to be inversely proportional to the energy potential, meaning that as the energy potential increases, accessibility is reduced, increasing downtime, reducing the energy generation and increasing the cost of energy. As a consequence, site selection should combine the energy potential and accessibility assessments, which is enabled by the technology-informed metric presented here. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue From High-Fidelity Models towards Engineering Tools for the Design of Offshore Renewable Energy Technologies)
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16 pages, 1936 KiB  
Article
Nonlinear Model Reduction by Moment-Matching for a Point Absorber Wave Energy Conversion System
by Guglielmo Papini, Francisco Javier Dores Piuma, Nicolás Faedo, John V. Ringwood and Giuliana Mattiazzo
J. Mar. Sci. Eng. 2022, 10(5), 656; https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse10050656 - 12 May 2022
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1607
Abstract
This paper presents a data-driven model reduction by moment-matching approach to construct control-oriented models for a point absorber device. The methodology chosen and developed generates models which are input-to-state linear, with any nonlinear behaviour confined to the output map. Such a map is [...] Read more.
This paper presents a data-driven model reduction by moment-matching approach to construct control-oriented models for a point absorber device. The methodology chosen and developed generates models which are input-to-state linear, with any nonlinear behaviour confined to the output map. Such a map is the result of a data-driven approximation procedure, where the so-called moment of the point absorber system is estimated via a least-squares procedure. The resulting control-oriented model can inherently preserve steady-state properties of the target WEC system for a user-defined class of input signals of interest, with the computation only dependent upon a suitably defined set of input-output data. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue From High-Fidelity Models towards Engineering Tools for the Design of Offshore Renewable Energy Technologies)
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20 pages, 1447 KiB  
Article
Low-Cost Heaving Single-Buoy Wave-Energy Point Absorber Optimization for Sardinia West Coast
by Marcello Rava, Panagiotis Dafnakis, Vittorio Martini, Giuseppe Giorgi, Vincenzo Orlando, Giuliana Mattiazzo, Giovanni Bracco and Andrea Gulisano
J. Mar. Sci. Eng. 2022, 10(3), 397; https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse10030397 - 09 Mar 2022
Cited by 6 | Viewed by 2075
Abstract
This work presents the Water Energy Point Absorber (WEPA), which is a heaving single-buoy point absorber optimized for a specific site off the west coast of Sardinia Island. The aim of the study is to present the optimization process undertaken to identify the [...] Read more.
This work presents the Water Energy Point Absorber (WEPA), which is a heaving single-buoy point absorber optimized for a specific site off the west coast of Sardinia Island. The aim of the study is to present the optimization process undertaken to identify the best configuration in terms of performance and cost. The optimization is carried out thanks to a simulation tool developed in Matlab-Simulink environment and verified through to the commercial software Orcaflex. Simulations are performed in the time domain with the installation site’s waves as input. The hydrodynamics parameters are computed thanks to the commercial software Ansys Aqwa and given to the model as input. The yearly energy production is computed as output for each configuration. Several parametric analyses are performed to identify the optimal Power Take Off (PTO) and buoy size. Among the main findings, it shall be mentioned that the PTO-rated torque has a strong influence on the energy production, higher PTO-rated torque proved to have better performance. The optimal hull size is strictly related to the incoming waves, and for the given site the smaller hulls are performing better than larger ones. The hull height, hull mass and hull draft have little impact on productivity. Finally, a comprehensive techno–economic analysis is performed, showing that the best configuration can be identified only after a detailed feasibility study and rigorous cost analysis. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue From High-Fidelity Models towards Engineering Tools for the Design of Offshore Renewable Energy Technologies)
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30 pages, 1616 KiB  
Article
Techno-Economic Modelling of Tidal Energy Converter Arrays in the Tacoma Narrows
by Mathew B. R. Topper, Sterling S. Olson and Jesse D. Roberts
J. Mar. Sci. Eng. 2020, 8(9), 646; https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse8090646 - 22 Aug 2020
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 3056
Abstract
Hydrokinetic tidal energy converter (TEC) technology is yet to become cost competitive with other renewable energy sources. Understanding the interaction between energy production and the costs incurred harvesting that energy may unlock the economic potential of this technology. Although hydrodynamic simulation of TEC [...] Read more.
Hydrokinetic tidal energy converter (TEC) technology is yet to become cost competitive with other renewable energy sources. Understanding the interaction between energy production and the costs incurred harvesting that energy may unlock the economic potential of this technology. Although hydrodynamic simulation of TEC arrays has matured over time, including demonstration of how small and large arrays affect the resource, integration of cost modelling is often limited. The advanced ocean energy array techno-economic modelling tool ‘DTOcean’ enables designers to calculate and improve the levelised cost of energy (LCOE) of an array through parametric simulation of the energy extraction, design of the electrical network, moorings and foundations, and simulation of the installation and lifetime operations and maintenance of the array. This work presents a verification of DTOcean’s ability to simulate the techno-economic performance of TEC arrays by reproducing the hypothetical RM1 reference model, a semi-analytical model of a TEC array based in the Tacoma Narrows of Washington state, U.S.A. It is demonstrated that DTOcean can produce a reasonable estimate to the LCOE predicted by the reference model, giving (in Euro cents per kiloWatt hour) 36.69 ¢/kWh against the reference model’s 34.612 ¢/kWh for 10 TECs, while for 50 TECs, DTOcean calculated 20.34 ¢/kWh compared to 17.34 ¢/kWh for the reference model. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue From High-Fidelity Models towards Engineering Tools for the Design of Offshore Renewable Energy Technologies)
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24 pages, 7354 KiB  
Article
A Comparison of Numerical Approaches for the Design of Mooring Systems for Wave Energy Converters
by Imanol Touzon, Vincenzo Nava, Borja de Miguel and Victor Petuya
J. Mar. Sci. Eng. 2020, 8(7), 523; https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse8070523 - 16 Jul 2020
Cited by 18 | Viewed by 2538
Abstract
This paper analyses the numerical outcome of applying three different well-known mooring design approaches to a floating wave energy converter, moored by means of four catenary lines. The approaches include: a linearized frequency domain based on a quasistatic model of the mooring lines, [...] Read more.
This paper analyses the numerical outcome of applying three different well-known mooring design approaches to a floating wave energy converter, moored by means of four catenary lines. The approaches include: a linearized frequency domain based on a quasistatic model of the mooring lines, a time domain approach coupled with an analytic catenary model of the mooring system, and a fully coupled non-linear time domain approach, considering lines’ drag and inertia forces. Simulations have been carried out based on a set of realistic combinations of lines pretension and linear mass, subject to extreme environmental conditions. Obtained results provide realistic cost and performance indicators, presenting a comparison in terms of total mooring mass and required footprint, as well as the design line tension and structure offset. It has been found that lines’ viscous forces influence significantly the performance of the structure with high pretensions, i.e., >1.2, while there is acceptable agreement between the modelling approaches with lower pretensions. Line tensions are significantly influenced by drag and inertia forces because of the occurrence of snap loads due to the heaving of the floater. However, the frequency domain approach provides an insight towards the optimal design of the mooring system for preliminary designs. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue From High-Fidelity Models towards Engineering Tools for the Design of Offshore Renewable Energy Technologies)
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22 pages, 6921 KiB  
Article
Analysis of a Gyroscopic-Stabilized Floating Offshore Hybrid Wind-Wave Platform
by Beatrice Fenu, Valentino Attanasio, Pietro Casalone, Riccardo Novo, Giulia Cervelli, Mauro Bonfanti, Sergej Antonello Sirigu, Giovanni Bracco and Giuliana Mattiazzo
J. Mar. Sci. Eng. 2020, 8(6), 439; https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse8060439 - 15 Jun 2020
Cited by 25 | Viewed by 4418
Abstract
The energy innovation scenario sees hybrid wind-wave platforms as a promising technology for reducing the variability of the power output and for the minimization of the cost of offshore marine renewable installations. This article presents a model that describes the installation of a [...] Read more.
The energy innovation scenario sees hybrid wind-wave platforms as a promising technology for reducing the variability of the power output and for the minimization of the cost of offshore marine renewable installations. This article presents a model that describes the installation of a 5 MW wind turbine on a floating platform designed by Fincantieri and equipped with gyroscopic stabilization. The use of gyros allows for the delivery of platform stabilization by damping the wave and wind induced motion on the floater and at the same time producing extra power. Shetland Island was chosen as the reference site because of its particularly harsh weather. Final results show that the total production of power in moderate and medium climate conditions is considerable thanks to the installation of the gyro, together with a significant stabilization of the platform in terms of pitching angle and nacelle acceleration. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue From High-Fidelity Models towards Engineering Tools for the Design of Offshore Renewable Energy Technologies)
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Review

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26 pages, 1543 KiB  
Review
Review of Systems Engineering (SE) Methods and Their Application to Wave Energy Technology Development
by Pablo Ruiz-Minguela, Vincenzo Nava, Jonathan Hodges and Jesús M. Blanco
J. Mar. Sci. Eng. 2020, 8(10), 823; https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse8100823 - 20 Oct 2020
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 3277
Abstract
The design of effective and economically viable wave energy devices involves complex decision-making about the product based on conceptual design information, including stakeholder requirements, functions, components and technical parameters. The great diversity of concepts makes it extremely difficult to create fair comparisons of [...] Read more.
The design of effective and economically viable wave energy devices involves complex decision-making about the product based on conceptual design information, including stakeholder requirements, functions, components and technical parameters. The great diversity of concepts makes it extremely difficult to create fair comparisons of the relative merits of the many different designs. Conventional design approaches have proved insufficient to guarantee wave energy technologies meet their technical and economic goals. Systems engineering can provide a suitable framework to overcome the obstacles towards a successful wave energy technology. The main objective of this work is to review the well-established systems engineering approaches that have been successfully implemented in complex engineering problems and to what extent they have been applied to wave energy technology development. The paper first reviews how system information can be organised in different design domains to guide the synthesis and analysis activities and the definition of requirements and metrics, as well as the search for solutions and decision-making. Then, an exhaustive literature review on the application of systems engineering approaches to wave energy development is presented per design domain. Finally, a set of conclusions is drawn, along with some suggestions for improving the effectiveness of wave energy technology development. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue From High-Fidelity Models towards Engineering Tools for the Design of Offshore Renewable Energy Technologies)
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