Advanced Remote Sensing Engineering Applied in the Environmental Monitoring of the Coasts

A special issue of Journal of Marine Science and Engineering (ISSN 2077-1312). This special issue belongs to the section "Marine Environmental Science".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (25 June 2023) | Viewed by 5782

Special Issue Editors


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Graduate School of Advanced Science and Technology, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima 739-8527, Japan
Interests: satellite ocean engineering; ocean color; environmental engineering
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

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Guest Editor
Department of Optical and Imaging Science and Technology, Tokai University, Hiratsuka 259-1292, Japan
Interests: remote sensing; atmospheric correction; image processing engineering

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Guest Editor
Department of Civil Engineering, Estuarine & Coastal Engineering Laboratory, Yokohama National University, Yokohama, Kanagawa 240-8501, Japan
Interests: remote sensing; ocean color; bio-optical model; civil engineering

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

In recent years, coastal environmental problems, such as red tides and sediment runoff, have been attracting a great deal of attention once again. Remote sensing has played a major role in understanding such wide-area phenomena. In addition, rapid advancements have been made in remote sensing technology. The purpose of this Special Issue is to publish cutting-edge research and reviews regarding these subjects and contribute to the solution of coastal environmental problems.

Dr. Yuji Sakuno
Prof. Dr. Mitsuhiro Toratani
Dr. Hiroto Higa
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Journal of Marine Science and Engineering is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Dr. Yuji Sakuno
Dr. Hiroto Higa
Prof. Dr. Mitsuhiro Toratani
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Journal of Marine Science and Engineering is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • remote sensing
  • red tide
  • sediment runoff
  • seagrass
  • blue carbon
  • coast

Published Papers (4 papers)

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Research

33 pages, 10500 KiB  
Article
A Package of Script Codes, POSIBIOM for Vegetation Acoustics: POSIdonia BIOMass
by Erhan Mutlu
J. Mar. Sci. Eng. 2023, 11(9), 1790; https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse11091790 - 13 Sep 2023
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 786
Abstract
Macrophytes and seagrasses play a crucial role in a variety of functions in marine ecosystems and respond in a synchronized manner to a changing climate and the subsequent ecological status. The monitoring of seagrasses is one of the most important issues in the [...] Read more.
Macrophytes and seagrasses play a crucial role in a variety of functions in marine ecosystems and respond in a synchronized manner to a changing climate and the subsequent ecological status. The monitoring of seagrasses is one of the most important issues in the marine environment. One rapidly emerging monitoring technique is the use of acoustics, which has advantages compared to other remote sensing techniques. The acoustic method alone is ambiguous regarding the identities of backscatterers. Therefore, a computer program package was developed to identify and estimate the leaf biometrics (leaf length and biomass) of one of the most common seagrasses, Posidonia oceanica. Some problems in the acoustic data were resolved in order to obtain estimates related to problems with vegetation as well as fisheries and plankton acoustics. One of the problems was the “lost” bottom that occurred during the data collection and postprocessing due to the presence of acoustic noise, reverberation, interferences and intense scatterers, such as fish shoals. Another problem to be eliminated was the occurrence of near-bottom echoes belonging to submerged vegetation, such as seagrasses, followed by spurious echoes during the survey. The last one was the recognition of the seagrass to estimate the leaf length and biomass, the calibration of the sheaths/vertical rhizomes of the seagrass and the establishment of relationships between the acoustic units and biometrics. As a result, an autonomous package of code written in MATLAB was developed to perform all the processes, named “POSIBIOM”, an acronym for POSIdonia BIOMass. This study presents the algorithms, methodology, acoustic–biometric relationship and mapping of biometrics for the first time, and discusses the advantages and disadvantages of the package compared to the software dedicated to the bottom types, habitat and vegetation acoustics. Future studies are recommended to improve the package. Full article
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18 pages, 3067 KiB  
Article
Coastal Flooding Caused by Extreme Coastal Water Level at the World Heritage Historic Keta City (Ghana, West Africa)
by Emmanuel K. Brempong, Rafael Almar, Donatus Bapentire Angnuureng, Precious Agbeko Dzorgbe Mattah, Philip-Neri Jayson-Quashigah, Kwesi Twum Antwi-Agyakwa and Blessing Charuka
J. Mar. Sci. Eng. 2023, 11(6), 1144; https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse11061144 - 30 May 2023
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1647
Abstract
Like low-lying sandy coasts around the world, the Ghanaian coast is experiencing increasingly frequent coastal flooding due to climate change, putting important socioeconomic infrastructure and people at risk. Our study assesses the major factors contributing to extreme coastal water levels (ECWLs) from 1994 [...] Read more.
Like low-lying sandy coasts around the world, the Ghanaian coast is experiencing increasingly frequent coastal flooding due to climate change, putting important socioeconomic infrastructure and people at risk. Our study assesses the major factors contributing to extreme coastal water levels (ECWLs) from 1994 to 2015. ECWLs are categorized into low, moderate, and severe levels corresponding to the 30th, 60th, and 98th percentiles, respectively. Using these three levels over the Pleiades satellite-derived digital elevation model topography, potential flood extent zones are mapped. ECWLs have the potential to flood more than 40% of the study area, including socioeconomically important sites such as tourist beach resorts, Cape St. Paul lighthouse, and Fort Prinzenstein. In this study, all coastal flooding events recorded by the municipality of Keta fall within the 98th percentile category. Our results show a gradual increase in the frequency of flooding over the years. Flooding events are caused by a compound effect of the tide, sea level anomaly, waves, and atmospheric conditions. Finally, while wave run-up is the major contributor to coastal flooding, the tide is the one varying most, which facilitates a simple early warning system based on waves and tide but adds uncertainty and complicates long-term predictability. Full article
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22 pages, 6214 KiB  
Article
Retrieval of Chlorophyll a Concentration Using GOCI Data in Sediment-Laden Turbid Waters of Hangzhou Bay and Adjacent Coastal Waters
by Yixin Yang, Shuangyan He, Yanzhen Gu, Chengyue Zhu, Longhua Wang, Xiao Ma and Peiliang Li
J. Mar. Sci. Eng. 2023, 11(6), 1098; https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse11061098 - 23 May 2023
Viewed by 1187
Abstract
The Geostationary Ocean Color Imager (GOCI) provided images at hourly intervals up to 8 times per day with a spatial resolution of 500 m from 2011 to 2021. However, in the typical sediment-laden turbid water of Hangzhou Bay, valid ocean color parameters in [...] Read more.
The Geostationary Ocean Color Imager (GOCI) provided images at hourly intervals up to 8 times per day with a spatial resolution of 500 m from 2011 to 2021. However, in the typical sediment-laden turbid water of Hangzhou Bay, valid ocean color parameters in operational data products have been extensively missing due to failures in atmospheric correction (AC) and bio-optical retrieval procedures. In this study, the seasonal variations in chlorophyll a (Chl-a) concentrations in Hangzhou Bay derived using GOCI data in 2020 were presented. First, valid remote sensing reflectance data were obtained by transferring neighboring aerosol properties of less to more turbid water pixels. Then, we improved a regionally empirical Chl-a retrieval algorithm in extremely turbid waters using GOCI-derived surface reflectance and field Chl-a measurements and proposed a combined Chl-a retrieval scheme for both moderately and extremely turbid water in Hangzhou Bay. Finally, the seasonal variation in Chl-a was obtained by the GOCI, which was better than operational products and in good agreement with the buoy data. The method in this study can be effectively applied to the inversion of Chl-a concentration in Hangzhou Bay and adjacent sea areas. We also presented its seasonal variations, offering insight into the spatial and seasonal variation of Chl-a in Hangzhou Bay using the GOCI. Full article
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19 pages, 71019 KiB  
Article
A General Convolutional Neural Network to Reconstruct Remotely Sensed Chlorophyll-a Concentration
by Xinhao Zhang and Meng Zhou
J. Mar. Sci. Eng. 2023, 11(4), 810; https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse11040810 - 11 Apr 2023
Viewed by 1323
Abstract
Satellite-observed chlorophyll-a (Chl-a) concentrations are key to studies of phytoplankton dynamics. However, there are gaps in remotely sensed images mainly due to cloud coverage which requires reconstruction. This study proposed a method to build a general convolutional neural network (CNN) model that can [...] Read more.
Satellite-observed chlorophyll-a (Chl-a) concentrations are key to studies of phytoplankton dynamics. However, there are gaps in remotely sensed images mainly due to cloud coverage which requires reconstruction. This study proposed a method to build a general convolutional neural network (CNN) model that can reconstruct images in unfamiliar areas. Although several CNN models to reconstruct Chl-a in a specific area have already been proposed, the model in this research has the advantage of generality. The model uses a more flexible U-net architecture so that it can accept input of different shapes. Images from three areas of different shapes were used in model training to improve the generality of the model. Six models, with different auxiliary input schemes and architectures, were trained and evaluated. Results show that the model with bathymetry input and coarse-to-fine architecture has the best performance and can give reasonable reconstruction for the unfamiliar area. The best model shows better results than traditional interpolation methods when reconstructing for an unfamiliar area, especially in regions outside the data coverage. Full article
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