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New Advances on Energy and Propulsion Systems for Ship
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New Advances on Energy and Propulsion Systems for Ship

A special issue of Journal of Marine Science and Engineering (ISSN 2077-1312). This special issue belongs to the section "Ocean Engineering".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (25 November 2023) | Viewed by 8283

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Jean-Frederic Charpentier

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Institut de Recherche de l’Ecole Navale (EA 3634 IRENav), French Naval Academy, 29240 Brest, France
Interests: modelling and design aspects on electrical machines and drives; electrical naval propulsion systems; marine renewable energy
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Burak Zincir

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Denizcilik, Gemi Makineleri İşletme Mühendisliği Bölümü, İstanbul Teknik Üniversitesi, Istanbul, Turkey
Interests: alternative fuels and new energy sources for ship energy/propulsion systems; advanced combustion concepts
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Reducing the environmental impact of CO2, sulphur and nitrogen oxides emissions is a major challenge for maritime activities and the shipbuilding industry. This ecological energy transition of the maritime sector aims to achieve carbon neutrality by 2050. The International Maritime Organization (IMO) has already adopted mandatory measures to reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from shipping in accordance with the United Nations Sustainable Development Goal n° 13 to "take urgent action to address climate change and its impacts". The goal of these actions is to reduce GHG emissions from marine activities as soon as possible. These objectives lead to a complete rethinking of ships' energy and propulsion systems in order to reduce their impact and optimize their efficiency, operation and reliability. This Special Issue will focus on new solutions for energy and propulsion systems for ships. The aim of this Special Issue is to share knowledge through innovative contributions regarding ideas, recent developments, or mature solutions addressing both theoretical and experimental studies about this topic. This involves integrating new low-carbon energy sources (e.g., hydrogen, alternative fuels, storage systems, renewable sources, etc.) and hybrid and electrical propulsion systems onboard existing and future ships. Another important point is the integration of new solutions in terms of hydrodynamics to increase efficiency (new kinds of propellers, drag reduction, etc.).

Dr. Jean-Frederic Charpentier
Dr. Burak Zincir
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Journal of Marine Science and Engineering is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • use of alternative fuels (e-fuels, hydrogen, etc.)
  • hybrid energy propulsion technologies
  • full electric propulsion
  • energy storage solutions for ships
  • energy management on ships
  • cold ironing and green harbor concepts
  • new propeller technologies
  • new hydrodynamic solutions energy efficiency (foils, air injection, special hulls)
  • other innovative systems to improve ship efficiency and minimize emissions

Published Papers (7 papers)

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Research

14 pages, 2870 KiB  
Article
Hydrogen Fuel Cell as an Electric Generator: A Case Study for a General Cargo Ship
by Omer Berkehan Inal, Burak Zincir, Caglar Dere and Jean-Frédéric Charpentier
J. Mar. Sci. Eng. 2024, 12(3), 432; https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse12030432 - 28 Feb 2024
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1067
Abstract
In this study, real voyage data and ship specifications of a general cargo ship are employed, and it is assumed that diesel generators are replaced with hydrogen proton exchange membrane fuel cells. The effect of the replacement on CO2, NOX [...] Read more.
In this study, real voyage data and ship specifications of a general cargo ship are employed, and it is assumed that diesel generators are replaced with hydrogen proton exchange membrane fuel cells. The effect of the replacement on CO2, NOX, SOX, and PM emissions and the CII value is calculated. Emission calculations show that there is a significant reduction in emissions when hydrogen fuel cells are used instead of diesel generators on the case ship. By using hydrogen fuel cells, there is a 37.4% reduction in CO2 emissions, 32.5% in NOX emissions, 37.3% in SOX emissions, and 37.4% in PM emissions. If hydrogen fuel cells are not used instead of diesel generators, the ship will receive an A rating between 2023 and 2026, a B rating in 2027, a C rating in 2028–2029, and an E rating in 2030. On the other hand, if hydrogen fuel cells are used, the ship will always remain at an A rating between 2023 and 2030. The capital expenditure (CAPEX) and operational expenditure (OPEX) of the fuel cell system are USD 1,305,720 and USD 2,470,320, respectively, for a 15-year lifetime, and the hydrogen fuel expenses are competitive at USD 260,981, while marine diesel oil (MDO) fuel expenses are USD 206,435. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue New Advances on Energy and Propulsion Systems for Ship)
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29 pages, 27347 KiB  
Article
Compensation Method for Current Measurement Errors in the Synchronous Reference Frame of a Small-Sized Surface Vehicle Propulsion Motor
by Haohao Guo, Tianxiang Xiang, Yancheng Liu, Qiaofen Zhang, Yi Wei and Fengkui Zhang
J. Mar. Sci. Eng. 2024, 12(1), 154; https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse12010154 - 12 Jan 2024
Viewed by 660
Abstract
This paper proposes a new method for compensating current measurement errors in shipboard permanent magnet propulsion motors. The method utilizes cascade decoupling second-order generalized integrators (SOGIs) and adaptive linear neurons (ADALINEs) as the current harmonic extractor and the compensator, respectively. It can compensate [...] Read more.
This paper proposes a new method for compensating current measurement errors in shipboard permanent magnet propulsion motors. The method utilizes cascade decoupling second-order generalized integrators (SOGIs) and adaptive linear neurons (ADALINEs) as the current harmonic extractor and the compensator, respectively. It can compensate for the dq-axes offset and scaling errors simultaneously, improving phase current distortion while reducing the ripples of motor speed and torque. Compared to the traditional motor model-based compensation strategies, the proposed method is robust against the changes in motor parameters with the online adaptive capability of the ADALINE algorithm. Furthermore, due to the good real-time performance of SOGIs and ADALINEs, the proposed compensation strategy can effectively operate in both the steady state and transient state of the motor. Finally, the effectiveness of the proposed method is verified through the physical and hardware-in-the-loop (HIL) experiments. After compensating for the current measurement errors of a 1 kW test motor with the propeller-characteristics load, the torque ripple and speed ripple are reduced by more than 65% and 80%, respectively. At the same time, the DC component and the second-order and third-order harmonics in the phase currents are also significantly reduced. Similar test results can be also obtained on the HIL platform with a 100 kW permanent magnet motor. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue New Advances on Energy and Propulsion Systems for Ship)
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17 pages, 1546 KiB  
Article
Assessment of Selected Alternative Fuels for Spanish Navy Ships According to Multi-Criteria Decision Analysis
by Rocio Maceiras, Victor Alfonsin, Miguel A. Alvarez-Feijoo and Lara Llopis
J. Mar. Sci. Eng. 2024, 12(1), 77; https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse12010077 - 28 Dec 2023
Viewed by 712
Abstract
Climate change and environmental degradation are growing concerns in today’s society, which has led to greater awareness and responsibility regarding the need to adopt sustainable practices. The European Union has established the goal of achieving climate neutrality by 2050, which implies a significant [...] Read more.
Climate change and environmental degradation are growing concerns in today’s society, which has led to greater awareness and responsibility regarding the need to adopt sustainable practices. The European Union has established the goal of achieving climate neutrality by 2050, which implies a significant reduction in greenhouse gas emissions in all sectors. To achieve this goal, renewable energies, the circular economy, and energy efficiency are being promoted. A major source of emissions is the use of fossil fuels in different types of ships (from transport ships to those used by national navies). Among these, it highlights the growing interest of the defense sector in trying to reduce these emissions. The Spanish Ministry of Defense is also involved in this effort and is taking steps to reduce the carbon footprint in military operations and improve sustainability in equipment acquisition and maintenance. The objective of this study is to identify the most promising alternative fuel among those under development for possible implementation on Spanish Navy ships in order to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and improve its capabilities. To achieve this, a multi-criteria decision-making method will be used to determine the most viable fuel option. The data provided by the officers of the Spanish Navy is of great importance, thanks to their long careers in front of the ships. The analysis revealed that hydrogen was the most suitable fuel with the highest priority, ahead of LNG, and scored the highest in most of the sections of the officials’ ratings. These fuels are less polluting and would allow a significant reduction in emissions during the navigation of ships. However, a further study would also have to be carried out on the costs of adapting to their use and the safety of their use. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue New Advances on Energy and Propulsion Systems for Ship)
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24 pages, 8654 KiB  
Article
A Data-Driven Approach to Ship Energy Management: Incorporating Automated Tracking System Data and Weather Information
by Cem Ünlübayir, Ulrich Hermann Mierendorff, Martin Florian Börner, Katharina Lilith Quade, Alexander Blömeke, Florian Ringbeck and Dirk Uwe Sauer
J. Mar. Sci. Eng. 2023, 11(12), 2259; https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse11122259 - 29 Nov 2023
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1072
Abstract
This research paper presents a data-based energy management method for a vessel that predicts the upcoming load demands based on data from weather information and its automated tracking system. The vessel is powered by a hybrid propulsion system consisting of a high-temperature fuel [...] Read more.
This research paper presents a data-based energy management method for a vessel that predicts the upcoming load demands based on data from weather information and its automated tracking system. The vessel is powered by a hybrid propulsion system consisting of a high-temperature fuel cell system to cover the base load and a battery system to compensate for the fuel cell’s limited dynamic response capability to load fluctuations. The developed energy management method predicts the load demand of the next time steps by analyzing physical relationships utilizing operational and positional data of a real vessel. This allows a steadier operation of the fuel cell and reduces stress factors leading to accelerated aging and increasing the resource efficiency of the propulsion system. Since large ships record tracking data of their cruise and no a priori training is required to adjust the energy management, the proposed method can be implemented with small additional computational effort. The functionality of the energy management method was verified using data from a real ship and records of the water currents in the North Sea. The accuracy of the load prediction is 2.7% and the attenuation of the fuel cell’s power output could be increased by approximately 32%. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue New Advances on Energy and Propulsion Systems for Ship)
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14 pages, 4082 KiB  
Article
Heat Integration of Liquid Hydrogen-Fueled Hybrid Electric Ship Propulsion System
by Wongwan Jung, Jinkwang Lee and Daejun Chang
J. Mar. Sci. Eng. 2023, 11(11), 2157; https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse11112157 - 13 Nov 2023
Viewed by 1257
Abstract
This study introduced the methodology for integrating ethylene glycol/water mixture (GW) systems which supply heat energy to the liquid hydrogen (LH2) fuel gas supply system (FGSS), and manage the temperature conditions of the battery system. All systems were designed and simulated [...] Read more.
This study introduced the methodology for integrating ethylene glycol/water mixture (GW) systems which supply heat energy to the liquid hydrogen (LH2) fuel gas supply system (FGSS), and manage the temperature conditions of the battery system. All systems were designed and simulated based on the power demand of a 2 MW class platform supply vessel assumed as the target ship. The LH2 FGSS model is based on Aspen HYSYS V11 and the cell model that makes up the battery system is implemented based on a Thevenin model with four parameters. Through three different simulation cases, the integrated GW system significantly reduced electric power consumption for the GW heater during ship operations, achieving reductions of 1.38% (Case 1), 16.29% (Case 2), and 27.52% (Case 3). The energy-saving ratio showed decreases of 1.86% (Case 1), 21.01% (Case 2), and 33.80% (Case 3) in overall energy usage within the GW system. Furthermore, an examination of the battery system’s thermal management in the integrated GW system demonstrated stable cell temperature control within ±3 K of the target temperature, making this integration a viable solution for maintaining normal operating temperatures, despite relatively higher fluctuations compared to an independent GW system. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue New Advances on Energy and Propulsion Systems for Ship)
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31 pages, 20467 KiB  
Article
Active Disturbance Rejection Control Method for Marine Permanent-Magnet Propulsion Motor Based on Improved ESO and Nonlinear Switching Function
by Haohao Guo, Tianxiang Xiang, Yancheng Liu, Qiaofen Zhang, Siyuan Liu and Boyang Guan
J. Mar. Sci. Eng. 2023, 11(9), 1751; https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse11091751 - 7 Sep 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 887
Abstract
In the control of marine permanent-magnet propulsion motors, active disturbance rejection control has attracted much attention because it can deal with external load disturbances and uncertainties of motor parameters at the same time. However, the conventional second-order ADRC has the problem of slow [...] Read more.
In the control of marine permanent-magnet propulsion motors, active disturbance rejection control has attracted much attention because it can deal with external load disturbances and uncertainties of motor parameters at the same time. However, the conventional second-order ADRC has the problem of slow disturbance observation speed. To this end, this paper proposes an improved third-order extended state observer using the proportional–integral disturbance update law to improve the tracking performance and anti-external disturbance ability of the motor control system. Then, aiming at the problem that the structure does not effectively use the current information, resulting in large speed fluctuations when the load changes, the measured value of the q-axis current is used as the disturbance feedforward compensation item to further improve the load disturbance suppression ability of the motor. Finally, in order to suppress the influence of the current periodic disturbance caused by unmodeled dynamics on the steady-state accuracy of the motor, a nonlinear switching function with bounded gain and an IIR low-pass filter are designed to suppress the periodic disturbance without affecting the dynamic performance of the system. Combined with the established ship propeller load model, the effectiveness of the method is verified on the motor experimental platform: When suddenly changing 75% of the propeller load, the motor speed decreases by about 20%, and the adjustment time is 0.1 s, which improves the performance by more than 70% compared to PI control and conventional ADRC methods. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue New Advances on Energy and Propulsion Systems for Ship)
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19 pages, 4827 KiB  
Article
Improvement and Optimization Configuration of Inland Ship Power and Propulsion System
by Zhipeng Du, Qinan Chen, Cong Guan and Hui Chen
J. Mar. Sci. Eng. 2023, 11(1), 135; https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse11010135 - 6 Jan 2023
Cited by 7 | Viewed by 1693
Abstract
Advances in power and propulsion and energy management improvements can significantly contribute to reducing emissions. The International Maritime Organization (IMO) Marpol regulations impose increasingly stringent restrictions on ship’s emission. According to the measured data of the target ship in typical working profiles, the [...] Read more.
Advances in power and propulsion and energy management improvements can significantly contribute to reducing emissions. The International Maritime Organization (IMO) Marpol regulations impose increasingly stringent restrictions on ship’s emission. According to the measured data of the target ship in typical working profiles, the power fluctuation, fuel consumption and emission data are analyzed, and the result represented that there are serious fuel consumption and pollution problems in the diesel engine power system. Based on the ship-engine propeller matching design theory, the ship-engine propeller model was built, and the new propulsion system power of the target ship was obtained by simulation. From the perspectives of power, economy and green, the performance and emission indexes of diesel engine and LNG engine are compared and analyzed, and the fuel cost advantage, green advantage and power performance disadvantage of LNG engine compared with diesel engine are determined. By comparing the topological structures of different hybrid propulsion forms, the new propulsion form of the ship is improved to be the gas-electric hybrid propulsion system based on the ESS (Energy Storage System), and the selection of the supercapacitors and lithium batteries is compared. Based on the low-pass filter strategy, the power distribution of the ultracapacitor and lithium battery is distributed. In order to determine the optimal ESS configuration, a capacity configuration model with investment cost, fuel cost and energy storage life as objective functions was established. NGSA-II algorithm was used to calculate the model and scheme selection was completed based on the scheme decision model. In this case, the optimal scheme significantly reduces pollutant emissions, it also reduces daily fuel costs by 38% and the result shows that we can complete the cost recovery in 1.28 years. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue New Advances on Energy and Propulsion Systems for Ship)
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