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Periodontal Diseases: Symptoms, Causes, Treatment, and Prevention
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Periodontal Diseases: Symptoms, Causes, Treatment, and Prevention

A special issue of Journal of Clinical Medicine (ISSN 2077-0383). This special issue belongs to the section "Dentistry, Oral Surgery and Oral Medicine".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (15 October 2022) | Viewed by 13611

Special Issue Editors

Prof. Dr. Jean-Luc Davideau

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
1. Faculté de Chirurgie Dentaire, Periodontology, Université de Strasbourg, 67000 Strasbourg, France
2. Pôle de Médecine et Chirurgie Bucco-Dentaires, Hopitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg, 67000 Strasbourg, France
Interests: periodontics; developmental biology; histology; chronic periodontitis
Prof. Dr. Olivier Huck

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Periodontics, University of Strasbourg, 67000 Strasbourg, France
Interests: periodontology; implant dentistry; dental implantology; oral diseases; oral surgery; immunology
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Periodontitis are highly prevalent oral infectious and inflammatory diseases. Periodontitis morbidity is not only oral but also systemic, leading to periodontitis being an important public health problem.

Periodontitis pathogenesis and morbidity are influenced by many modifiable and non-modifiable systemic, behavioral, and local risk factors. Therefore, periodontitis treatment should consider all these factors to be successful.

For a long time, efficient periodontitis treatment protocols have been evaluated and validated and have significantly improved periodontal conditions at population and patient level. However, in many patients, treatments are still partly or completely unsuccessful, and these failures remain not fully understood in most cases, and their efficient management difficult to perform.

This Special Issue covers a large research field in periodontology, but papers related to initial periodontal treatment failures, their definition, causes, consequences, prevention, and treatments are of particular interest.

Prof. Dr. Jean-Luc Davideau
Prof. Dr. Olivier Huck
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Journal of Clinical Medicine is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • periodontics
  • periodontitis
  • causes
  • consequences
  • prevention
  • treatments

Published Papers (5 papers)

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Research

13 pages, 420 KiB  
Article
Relationship between Periodontal Condition of the Pregnant Woman with Preterm Birth and Low Birth Weight
by Guillermo Gallagher-Cobos, Teresa Almerich-Torres, José María Montiel-Company, José Enrique Iranzo-Cortés, Carlos Bellot-Arcís, José Carmelo Ortolá-Siscar and José Manuel Almerich-Silla
J. Clin. Med. 2022, 11(22), 6857; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm11226857 - 21 Nov 2022
Cited by 7 | Viewed by 2883
Abstract
The aim of this study was to determine the association between the mother’s periodontal condition and perinatal complications, such as preterm birth (PTB) and/or low birth weight (LBW), in a cohort of women in Valencia, Spain. Other related factors, such as tobacco, were [...] Read more.
The aim of this study was to determine the association between the mother’s periodontal condition and perinatal complications, such as preterm birth (PTB) and/or low birth weight (LBW), in a cohort of women in Valencia, Spain. Other related factors, such as tobacco, were also analysed. A prospective cohort study was carried out in a sample of 102 women with a single foetus and ages ranging between 18 and 42 years. Sociodemographic and obstetric variables, caries status, percentage of bleeding, clinical attachment loss (CAL), and probing pocket depth (PPD) data have been collected and analysed. The mean age was 32.4 years, and the BMI was normal. The average weight of new-borns (NB) was 3034 g. A total of 9.8% of the women smoked during their pregnancy. Bleeding percentage was 16.43% (SD 14.81%) and PPDs > 3 mm 8.8 (SD 11.08). The mean of CAL > 0 mm was 1.14 (SD 2.83). The frequency of PTB and LBW was 26%. No statistically significant differences were found between probing depth > 3 mm or CAL > 1 mm, with PTB and/or LBW. Periodontal disease in the mother was not statistically significantly related to either PTB or LBW. Tobacco use during pregnancy showed a statistical significance linked to LBW, but not with PTB. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Periodontal Diseases: Symptoms, Causes, Treatment, and Prevention)
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12 pages, 1437 KiB  
Article
Evaluation of the Progression of Periodontitis with the Use of Neural Networks
by Agata Ossowska, Aida Kusiak and Dariusz Świetlik
J. Clin. Med. 2022, 11(16), 4667; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm11164667 - 10 Aug 2022
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 2201
Abstract
Periodontitis is an inflammatory disease of the tissues surrounding the tooth that results in loss of periodontal attachment detected as clinical attachment loss (CAL). The mildest form of periodontal disease is gingivitis, which is a necessary condition for periodontitis development. We can distinguish [...] Read more.
Periodontitis is an inflammatory disease of the tissues surrounding the tooth that results in loss of periodontal attachment detected as clinical attachment loss (CAL). The mildest form of periodontal disease is gingivitis, which is a necessary condition for periodontitis development. We can distinguish also some modifying factors which have an influence on the rate of development of periodontitis from which the most important are smoking and poorly controlled diabetes. According to the new classification from 2017, we can identify four stages of periodontitis and three grades of periodontitis. Grades tell us about the periodontitis progression risk and may be helpful in treatment planning and motivating the patients. Artificial neural networks (ANN) are widely used in medicine and in dentistry as an additional tool to support clinicians in their work. In this paper, ANN was used to assess grades of periodontitis in the group of patients. Gender, age, nicotinism approximal plaque index (API), bleeding on probing (BoP), clinical attachment loss (CAL), and pocket depth (PD) were taken into consideration. There were no statistically significant differences in the clinical periodontal assessment in relation to the neural network assessment. Based on the definition of the sensitivity and specificity in medicine we obtained 85.7% and 80.0% as a correctly diagnosed and excluded disease, respectively. The quality of the neural network, defined as the percentage of correctly classified patients according to the grade of periodontitis was 84.2% for the training set. The percentage of incorrectly classified patients according to the grade of periodontitis was 15.8%. Artificial neural networks may be useful tool in everyday dental practice to assess the risk of periodontitis development however more studies are needed. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Periodontal Diseases: Symptoms, Causes, Treatment, and Prevention)
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13 pages, 1230 KiB  
Article
Comparison of Two Risk Assessment Scores in Predicting Peri-Implantitis Occurrence during Implant Maintenance in Patients Treated for Periodontal Diseases: A Long-Term Retrospective Study
by Amélie Sarbacher, Ioanna Papalou, Panagiota Vagia, Henri Tenenbaum, Olivier Huck and Jean-Luc Davideau
J. Clin. Med. 2022, 11(6), 1720; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm11061720 - 20 Mar 2022
Cited by 6 | Viewed by 2434
Abstract
Background: There is a need for reliable risk assessment tools to better predict peri-implantitis occurrence. This study compared the long-term prognosis value of two models of risk assessment scoring in predicting peri-implantitis. Methods: Seventy-three patients with treated periodontitis representing 232 implants and attending [...] Read more.
Background: There is a need for reliable risk assessment tools to better predict peri-implantitis occurrence. This study compared the long-term prognosis value of two models of risk assessment scoring in predicting peri-implantitis. Methods: Seventy-three patients with treated periodontitis representing 232 implants and attending long-term implant maintenance were evaluated. The Periodontal Risk Assessment (PRA) score, which combines only periodontal risk factors/indicators, and the Implant Risk Assessment (IRA) score, which combines both periodontal and implant risk factors/indicators, were calculated during implant maintenance. Peri-implantitis was defined by the presence of probing depth ≥6 mm with bleeding on probing/suppuration and bone level ≥3 mm. Analyses were performed at the patient level. Results: The mean implant follow-up was 6.5 years. Peri-implantitis incidence was 17.8%, and high-risk PRA and IRA percentages were 36.9% and 27.3%, respectively. High-risk PRA and IRA were significantly associated with peri-implantitis incidence, with hazard ratio (HR) = 4.8 and 3.65, respectively. Risk factors/indicators considered separately showed reduced associations with peri-implantitis. Conclusions: The PRA score combining periodontal parameters and IRA score combining both periodontal and implant parameters have comparable value in predicting peri-implantitis. These scores could allow practicians to intercept the risk of peri-implantitis and to manage follow-up modalities in patients with treated periodontitis. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Periodontal Diseases: Symptoms, Causes, Treatment, and Prevention)
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14 pages, 1368 KiB  
Article
Nonsurgical Periodontal Treatment Options and Their Impact on Subgingival Microbiota
by Susanne Schulz, Jamal M. Stein, Anne Schumacher, David Kupietz, Sareh S. Yekta-Michael, Florian Schittenhelm, Georg Conrads, Hans-Günter Schaller and Stefan Reichert
J. Clin. Med. 2022, 11(5), 1187; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm11051187 - 23 Feb 2022
Cited by 11 | Viewed by 3138
Abstract
Background: Different periodontal treatment methods (quadrant-wise debridement, scaling and root planing (Q-SRP), full-mouth scaling (FMS), full-mouth disinfection (FMD), and FMD with adjuvant erythritol air-polishing (FMDAP)) were applied in periodontitis patients (stage III/IV). The study objective (substudy of ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT03509233) was to compare [...] Read more.
Background: Different periodontal treatment methods (quadrant-wise debridement, scaling and root planing (Q-SRP), full-mouth scaling (FMS), full-mouth disinfection (FMD), and FMD with adjuvant erythritol air-polishing (FMDAP)) were applied in periodontitis patients (stage III/IV). The study objective (substudy of ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT03509233) was to compare the impact of treatments on subgingival colonization. Methods: Forty patients were randomized to the treatment groups. Periodontal parameters and subgingival colonization were evaluated at baseline and 3 and 6 months after treatment. Results: Positive changes in clinical parameters were recorded in every treatment group during the 3-month follow-up period, but did not always continue. In three groups, specific bacteria decreased after 3 months; however, this was associated with a renewed increase after 6 months (FMS: Porphyromonas gingivalis; FMD: Eubacterium nodatum, Prevotella dentalis; and FMDAP: uncultured Prevotella sp.). Conclusions: The benefit of all clinical treatments measured after 3 months was associated with a decrease in pathogenic bacteria in the FMS, FMD, and FMDAP groups. However, after 6 months, we observed further improvement or some stagnation in clinical outcomes accompanied by deterioration of the microbiological profile. Investigating the subgingival microbiota might help appraise successful periodontal treatment and implement individualized therapy. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Periodontal Diseases: Symptoms, Causes, Treatment, and Prevention)
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12 pages, 278 KiB  
Article
The Evaluation of the Periodontal Status of Hemodialysis Patients with End-Stage Renal Disease
by Elżbieta Dembowska, Aleksandra Jaroń, Joanna Rasławska-Socha, Ewa Gabrysz-Trybek, Joanna Bladowska, Szymon Gacek and Grzegorz Trybek
J. Clin. Med. 2022, 11(4), 975; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm11040975 - 13 Feb 2022
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 1860
Abstract
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is an increasingly common condition observed in developing countries. Similarly, a high prevalence of gingivitis and periodontitis is observed. There are reports in the literature about the interrelationship between chronic kidney disease and periodontitis pathophysiology. This dissertation attempts to: [...] Read more.
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is an increasingly common condition observed in developing countries. Similarly, a high prevalence of gingivitis and periodontitis is observed. There are reports in the literature about the interrelationship between chronic kidney disease and periodontitis pathophysiology. This dissertation attempts to: assess the extent of gingivitis and periodontitis in a group of patients with the end-stage renal disease treated with hemodialysis compared to healthy subjects. The study included 200 subjects: 100 hemodialysis patients (HD) and 100 healthy control subjects (K). Periodontal status was assessed by measuring pocket depth (PD) clinical level of connective tissue attachment (CAL). Gingival inflammation indices Gingival Index (GI) and Bleeding on Probing (BOP) were also performed. PD with a depth of more than 6mm was found in 25% of the HD group and 5% of the K group. CAL ≥ 5 mm was found in 55% of HD and 24% of the K group. As defined by Page and Eke, severe periodontitis was found in 21% of HD, and 4% of K. Moderate gingivitis was noted in 55% of HD and 5% of the K group. The mean values of the BOP index in the HD group were 32.08% and in the K group 3.09%. The HD group had a higher incidence and severity of gingivitis and periodontitis than the control group. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Periodontal Diseases: Symptoms, Causes, Treatment, and Prevention)
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