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Brain Stimulation Therapies: Clinical Methods and Applications
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Brain Stimulation Therapies: Clinical Methods and Applications

A special issue of Journal of Clinical Medicine (ISSN 2077-0383). This special issue belongs to the section "Clinical Neurology".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (20 June 2022) | Viewed by 8085

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Haidar S. Dafsari

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Department of Neurology, Cologne, Germany
Interests: brain stimulation; movement disorders; parkinson's disease
Dr. Rubens Gisbert Cury

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Movement Disorders Center, Department of Neurology, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-010, Brazil
Interests: brain stimulation; movement disorders; Parkinson's disease
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Brain stimulation includes invasive methods, such as deep brain stimulation, and non-invasive stimulation techniques, such as transcranial repetitive magnetic, transcranial direct and alternating current stimulation, electroconvulsive therapy, transauricular and transcutaneous vagal nerve, and caloric and galvanic vestibular stimulation.

Indications are expanding within the field of pain, neurological, and psychiatric diseases and beyond this to addiction, obesity and appetite disorders, cardiovascular diseases, respiratory diseases, and infectious diseases, leveraging brain stimulation’s peripheral autonomic and immunological effects.

For this Special Issue in the Journal of Clinical Medicine, we therefore invite researchers to submit their original research and review articles regarding all possible brain stimulation clinical methods and applications—from basic science, electrophysiology, connectomics, and other imaging methods, through clinical outcomes and therapy optimization for established indications and insights into the possible future of brain stimulation in emerging and novel indications.

Dr. Haidar S. Dafsari
Dr. Rubens Gisbert Cury
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Journal of Clinical Medicine is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • deep brain stimulation
  • movement disorders
  • non-invasive brain stimulation
  • psychiatric brain stimulation
  • pain
  • dysautonomia

Published Papers (4 papers)

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Research

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15 pages, 301 KiB  
Article
Factors Influencing Driving following DBS Surgery in Parkinson’s Disease: A Single UK Centre Experience and Review of the Literature
by Luciano Furlanetti, Asfand Baig Mirza, Ahmed Raslan, Maria Alexandra Velicu, Charlotte Burford, Melika Akhbari, Elaine German, Romi Saha, Michael Samuel and Keyoumars Ashkan
J. Clin. Med. 2023, 12(1), 166; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm12010166 - 25 Dec 2022
Viewed by 1819
Abstract
Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a complex neurodegenerative disorder, leading to impairment of various neurological faculties, including motor, planning, cognitivity, and executive functions. Motor- and non-motor symptoms of the disease may intensify a patient’s restrictions to performing usual tasks of daily living, including driving. [...] Read more.
Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a complex neurodegenerative disorder, leading to impairment of various neurological faculties, including motor, planning, cognitivity, and executive functions. Motor- and non-motor symptoms of the disease may intensify a patient’s restrictions to performing usual tasks of daily living, including driving. Deep Brain Stimulation (DBS) associated with optimized clinical treatment has been shown to improve quality of life, motor, and non-motor symptoms in PD. In most countries, there are no specific guidelines concerning minimum safety requirements and the timing of return to driving following DBS, leaving to the medical staff of individual DBS centres the responsibility to draw recommendations individually regarding patients’ ability to drive after surgery. The aim of this study was to evaluate factors that might influence the ability to drive following DBS in the management of PD. A total of 125 patients were included. Clinical, epidemiological, neuropsychological, and surgical factors were evaluated. The mean follow-up time was 129.9 months. DBS improved motor and non-motor symptoms of PD. However, in general, patients were 2.8-fold less likely to drive in the postoperative period than prior to surgery. Among the PD characteristics, patients with the akinetic subtype presented a higher risk to lose their driving licence postoperatively. Furthermore, the presence of an abnormal postoperative neuropsychological evaluation was also associated with driving restriction following surgery. Our data indicate that restriction to drive following surgery seems to be multifactorial rather than a direct consequence of DBS itself. Our study sheds light on the urgent need for a standardised multidisciplinary postoperative evaluation to assess patients’ ability to drive following DBS. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Brain Stimulation Therapies: Clinical Methods and Applications)
15 pages, 765 KiB  
Article
Controversies and Clinical Applications of Non-Invasive Transspinal Magnetic Stimulation: A Critical Review and Exploratory Trial in Hereditary Spastic Paraplegia
by Rafael Bernhart Carra, Guilherme Diogo Silva, Isabela Bruzzi Bezerra Paraguay, Fabricio Diniz de Lima, Janaina Reis Menezes, Aruane Mello Pineda, Glaucia Aline Nunes, Juliana da Silva Simões, Marcondes Cavalcante França, Jr. and Rubens Gisbert Cury
J. Clin. Med. 2022, 11(16), 4748; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm11164748 - 14 Aug 2022
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1743
Abstract
Magnetic stimulation is a safe, non-invasive diagnostic tool and promising treatment strategy for neurological and psychiatric disorders. Although most studies address transcranial magnetic stimulation, transspinal magnetic stimulation (TsMS) has received recent attention since trials involving invasive spinal cord stimulation showed encouraging results for [...] Read more.
Magnetic stimulation is a safe, non-invasive diagnostic tool and promising treatment strategy for neurological and psychiatric disorders. Although most studies address transcranial magnetic stimulation, transspinal magnetic stimulation (TsMS) has received recent attention since trials involving invasive spinal cord stimulation showed encouraging results for pain, spasticity, and Parkinson’s disease. While the effects of TsMS on spinal roots is well understood, its mechanism of action on the spinal cord is still controversial. Despite unclear mechanisms of action, clinical benefits of TsMS have been reported, including improvements in scales of spasticity, hyperreflexia, and bladder and bowel symptoms, and even supraspinal gait disorders such as freezing and camptocormia. In the present study, a critical review on the application of TsMS in neurology was conducted, along with an exploratory trial involving TsMS in three patients with hereditary spastic paraplegia. The goal was to understand the mechanism of action of TsMS through H-reflex measurement at the unstimulated lumbosacral level. Although limited by studies with a small sample size and a low to moderate effect size, TsMS is safe and tolerable and presents consistent clinical and neurophysiological benefits that support its use in clinical practice. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Brain Stimulation Therapies: Clinical Methods and Applications)
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28 pages, 12235 KiB  
Article
Efficacy of Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation in Fibromyalgia: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials
by Yu-Chi Su, Yao-Hong Guo, Pei-Chun Hsieh and Yu-Ching Lin
J. Clin. Med. 2021, 10(20), 4669; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm10204669 - 12 Oct 2021
Cited by 17 | Viewed by 2820
Abstract
This article aimed to investigate the efficacy of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) in fibromyalgia. The PubMed, Medline, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science databases were searched for articles published through 14 August 2021. We enrolled only randomized controlled trials. The Cochrane Collaboration [...] Read more.
This article aimed to investigate the efficacy of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) in fibromyalgia. The PubMed, Medline, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science databases were searched for articles published through 14 August 2021. We enrolled only randomized controlled trials. The Cochrane Collaboration risk of bias tool was used for quality assessment. Outcomes were analyzed as standardized mean differences (SMDs) with 95% CIs. The beta coefficient and p value were adopted for meta-regression. We included 18 studies comprising 643 participants. A significant reduction in disease influence, as measured by the Fibromyalgia Impact Questionnaire, was observed (SMD, −0.700, 95% CI, −1.173 to −0.228), and the reduction was larger in older patients (β = −0.1327, p = 0.008). The effect persisted at least two weeks after the final treatment session (SMD, −0.784, 95% CI, −1.136 to −0.432). Reductions in pain, depression, and anxiety were discovered, which persisted for at least two weeks after the last intervention. The effects on pain and depression remained significant up to one and a half months after the final session. No serious adverse events were reported by the included articles. In conclusion, our systematic review and meta-analysis revealed that rTMS is safe and effective for managing multiple domains of fibromyalgia-related symptoms and older patients may have a stronger treatment effect. Larger randomized controlled trials with sufficient male populations are warranted to confirm our findings, detect rare adverse events, and determine the optimal stimulation parameters. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Brain Stimulation Therapies: Clinical Methods and Applications)
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Review

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21 pages, 862 KiB  
Review
Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation for the Treatment of Cocaine Addiction: A Systematic Review
by Alezandra Torres-Castaño, Amado Rivero-Santana, Lilisbeth Perestelo-Pérez, Andrea Duarte-Díaz, Ana Toledo-Chávarri, Vanesa Ramos-García, Yolanda Álvarez-Pérez, Javier Cudeiro-Mazaira, Iván Padrón-González and Pedro Serrano-Pérez
J. Clin. Med. 2021, 10(23), 5595; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm10235595 - 28 Nov 2021
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 4626
Abstract
Long-term cocaine use is associated with cognitive deficits and neuro-psychiatric pathologies. Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) is an emerging therapeutic strategy relating to changes in brain activity. It stimulates the prefrontal cortex and is involved in inhibitory cognitive control, decision making and care. [...] Read more.
Long-term cocaine use is associated with cognitive deficits and neuro-psychiatric pathologies. Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) is an emerging therapeutic strategy relating to changes in brain activity. It stimulates the prefrontal cortex and is involved in inhibitory cognitive control, decision making and care. This systematic review aims to evaluate and synthesize the evidence on the safety, effectiveness, and cost-effectiveness of rTMS for the treatment of cocaine addiction. A systematic review of the literature was carried out. The following electronic databases were consulted from inception to October 2020: MEDLINE, Embase, CINAHL, PsycINFO, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials and Web of Science. Randomised controlled trials, non-randomised controlled trials and case-series and full economic evaluations were included. Twelve studies were included. No identified study reported data on cost-effectiveness. Significant results of the efficacy of TMS have been observed in terms of the reduction of craving to consume and the number of doses consumed. No serious adverse effects have been observed. Despite the low quality of the studies, the first results were observed in terms of reduction of cocaine use and craving. In any case, this effect is considered moderate. Studies with larger sample sizes and longer follow-ups are required. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Brain Stimulation Therapies: Clinical Methods and Applications)
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