International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health

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13 pages, 524 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Knowledge, Behaviour and Attitudes Related to Sun Exposure in Sportspeople: A Systematic Review

by Jonatan Fernandez-Ruiz, Trinidad Montero-Vilchez, Agustin Buendia-Eisman and Salvador Arias-Santiago

Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2022, 19(16), 10175; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph191610175 - 17 Aug 2022

Cited by 7 | Viewed by 1853

Abstract

People who practice outdoor sports have an increased risk of skin cancer as they are exposed to high doses of ultraviolet (UV) radiation. Recent studies have shown that in many athletes, sun protection behaviours are inadequate, with the risk that this entails. The [...] Read more.

People who practice outdoor sports have an increased risk of skin cancer as they are exposed to high doses of ultraviolet (UV) radiation. Recent studies have shown that in many athletes, sun protection behaviours are inadequate, with the risk that this entails. The aim of this review is to collect the information published to date about the knowledge, attitudes and habits of athletes in relation to sun exposure and its risks. A systematic review was conducted using PubMed and Embase with the search algorithm “(skin cancer OR melanoma) AND (exercise OR sport OR athletes)”. All studies analysing the knowledge, attitudes and habits of photoprotection in athletes were included. A total of 2,365 publications were found, of which 23 were selected, including a total of 10,445 sportspeople. The majority of participants declared their voluntary intention to tan and stated that the sun made them feel better, although they also showed concern about possible damage associated with UV radiation. In most studies, less than half of the participants made adequate use of photoprotective measures. In general, most athletes had a high level of knowledge regarding the risk of skin cancer associated with sun exposure. In conclusion, most athletes are aware of the risks associated with UV radiation but do not make adequate use of photoprotective cream. New training programs on photoprotection could help improve athletes’ photoprotective behaviour, reducing the incidence of skin cancer and precancerous lesions in this population. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Sun-Related Behaviors and Skin Health)

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14 pages, 1702 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Estimated Healthcare Costs of Melanoma and Keratinocyte Skin Cancers in Australia and Aotearoa New Zealand in 2021

by Louisa G. Gordon, William Leung, Richard Johns, Bronwen McNoe, Daniel Lindsay, Katharina M. D. Merollini, Thomas M. Elliott, Rachel E. Neale, Catherine M. Olsen, Nirmala Pandeya and David C. Whiteman

Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2022, 19(6), 3178; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19063178 - 8 Mar 2022

Cited by 20 | Viewed by 7011

Abstract

Australia and Aotearoa New Zealand have the highest incidence of melanoma and KC in the world. We undertook a cost-of-illness analysis using Markov decision–analytic models separately for melanoma and keratinocyte skin cancer (KC) for each country. Using clinical pathways, the probabilities and unit [...] Read more.

Australia and Aotearoa New Zealand have the highest incidence of melanoma and KC in the world. We undertook a cost-of-illness analysis using Markov decision–analytic models separately for melanoma and keratinocyte skin cancer (KC) for each country. Using clinical pathways, the probabilities and unit costs of each health service and medicine for skin cancer management were applied. We estimated mean costs and 95% uncertainty intervals (95% UI) using Monte Carlo simulation. In Australia, the mean first-year costs of melanoma per patient ranged from AU$644 (95%UI: $642, $647) for melanoma in situ to AU$100,725 (95%UI: $84,288, $119,070) for unresectable stage III/IV disease. Australian-wide direct costs to the Government for newly diagnosed patients with melanoma were AU$397.9 m and AU$426.2 m for KCs, a total of AU$824.0 m. The mean costs per patient for melanoma ranged from NZ$1450 (95%UI: $1445, $1456) for melanoma in situ to NZ$77,828 (95%UI $62,525, $94,718) for unresectable stage III/IV disease. The estimated total cost to New Zealand in 2021 for new patients with melanoma was NZ$51.2 m, and for KCs, was NZ$129.4 m, with a total combined cost of NZ$180.5 m. These up-to-date national healthcare costs of melanoma and KC in Australia and New Zealand accentuate the savings potential of successful prevention strategies for skin cancer. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Sun-Related Behaviors and Skin Health)

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18 pages, 3295 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Monitoring Solar Radiation UV Exposure in the Comoros

by Kévin Lamy, Marion Ranaivombola, Hassan Bencherif, Thierry Portafaix, Mohamed Abdoulwahab Toihir, Kaisa Lakkala, Antti Arola, Jukka Kujanpää, Mikko R. A. Pitkänen and Jean-Maurice Cadet

Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2021, 18(19), 10475; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph181910475 - 5 Oct 2021

Cited by 3 | Viewed by 2700 | Correction

Abstract

As part of the UV-Indien project, a station for measuring ultraviolet radiation and the cloud fraction was installed in December 2019 in Moroni, the capital of the Comoros, situated on the west coast of the island of Ngazidja. A ground measurement campaign was [...] Read more.

As part of the UV-Indien project, a station for measuring ultraviolet radiation and the cloud fraction was installed in December 2019 in Moroni, the capital of the Comoros, situated on the west coast of the island of Ngazidja. A ground measurement campaign was also carried out on 12 January 2020 during the ascent of Mount Karthala, located in the center of the island of Ngazidja. In addition, satellite estimates (Ozone Monitoring Instrument and TROPOspheric Monitoring Instrument) and model outputs (Copernicus Atmospheric Monitoring Service and Tropospheric Ultraviolet Model) were combined for this same region. On the one hand, these different measurements and estimates make it possible to quantify, evaluate, and monitor the health risk linked to exposure to ultraviolet radiation in this region, and, on the other, they help to understand how cloud cover influences the variability of UV-radiation on the ground. The measurements of the Ozone Monitoring Instrument onboard the EOS-AURA satellite, being the longest timeseries of ultraviolet measurements available in this region, make it possible to quantify the meteorological conditions in Moroni and to show that more than 80% of the ultraviolet indices are classified as high and that 60% of these are classified as extreme. The cloud cover measured in Moroni by an All Sky Camera was used to distinguish between the cases of UV index measurements taken under clear or cloudy sky conditions. The ground-based measurements thus made it possible to describe the variability of the diurnal cycle of the UV index and the influence of cloud cover on this parameter. They also permitted the satellite measurements and the results of the simulations to be validated. In clear sky conditions, a relative difference of between 6 and 11% was obtained between satellite or model estimates and ground measurements. The ultraviolet index measurement campaign on Mount Karthala showed maximum one-minute standard erythemal doses at 0.3 SED and very high daily cumulative erythemal doses at more than 80 SED. These very high levels are also observed throughout the year and all skin phototypes can exceed the daily erythemal dose threshold at more than 20 SED. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Sun-Related Behaviors and Skin Health)

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9 pages, 905 KiB

Open AccessCommunication

Trends in Use of Prescription Skin Lightening Creams

by Dana S. Saade, Mayra B. C. Maymone, Henriette De La Garza, Eric A. Secemsky, Kevin F. Kennedy and Neelam A. Vashi

Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2021, 18(11), 5650; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18115650 - 25 May 2021

Cited by 10 | Viewed by 3642

Abstract

The desire for an even skin tone pervades all cultures and regions of the world. Uniform skin color is considered a sign of beauty and youth. Pigmentation abnormalities can arise idiopathically with genetic predetermination, with injury and environmental exposures, and with advancing age, [...] Read more.

The desire for an even skin tone pervades all cultures and regions of the world. Uniform skin color is considered a sign of beauty and youth. Pigmentation abnormalities can arise idiopathically with genetic predetermination, with injury and environmental exposures, and with advancing age, and can, therefore, be distressing to patients, leading them to seek a variety of treatments with professional assistance. In this short report, we describe the trends in the use of prescription lightening creams, particularly in patients with darker skin types residing in the US. Amongst 404 participants, skin hyperpigmentation had a moderate effect on patients’ quality of life, and the most common diagnosis associated with the use of a prescription product was melasma (60.8%). The most common agent prescribed was hydroquinone (62.9%), followed by triple combination cream (31.4%). It is the dermatologist’s duty to gauge the effect of the pigmentation disease on patients’ life in order to counsel, tailor, and decide on the most appropriate treatment option. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Sun-Related Behaviors and Skin Health)

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10 pages, 943 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Trends in Incidence and Mortality of Skin Melanoma in Lithuania 1991–2015

by Audrius Dulskas, Dovile Cerkauskaite, Ieva Vincerževskiene and Vincas Urbonas

Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2021, 18(8), 4165; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18084165 - 15 Apr 2021

Cited by 4 | Viewed by 3488

Abstract

Background. We aimed to investigate age-specific and sex-specific incidence trends of melanoma in Lithuania from 1991 to 2015. Methods. Analysis was based on data from the population-based Lithuanian Cancer Registry database for 1991–2015, and 6024 cases of skin melanoma were identified. Age-adjusted rates [...] Read more.

Background. We aimed to investigate age-specific and sex-specific incidence trends of melanoma in Lithuania from 1991 to 2015. Methods. Analysis was based on data from the population-based Lithuanian Cancer Registry database for 1991–2015, and 6024 cases of skin melanoma were identified. Age-adjusted rates (ASRs) by sex and age group were calculated. Adjustment for ASRs was done using the old European standard population, where a total of three age groups were considered: 0–39, 40–59 and 60+. Additionally, the annual percent change (APC) was calculated, and 95% confidence intervals for APC were calculated. Results. Between 1991 and 2015, the overall melanoma rates increased by an annual percent change (APC) of 3.9% in men (95% CI, 3.6–4.1%) and 2.3% in women (95% CI, 2.1–2.5%). The highest incidences of new cutaneous melanoma cases were observed between old adults (60+) of both sexes, while the lowest incidence rates were observed in the young adult group (up to 39 years old), with the lowest APC (1.6% in males and 0.4% in females). The overall number of melanoma deaths during 1991 and 2015 increased from 64 to 103 deaths per year, and the age-standardized rate (ASR) increased 1.3 times (from 1.8 to 2.4). Conclusions. The incidence and mortality of skin melanoma seem to be increased in all age groups. These trends indicate that skin protection behavior is not sufficient in our population and more efforts need to be taken in order to decrease incidence and mortality rates. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Sun-Related Behaviors and Skin Health)

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12 pages, 390 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Menopause, Ultraviolet Exposure, and Low Water Intake Potentially Interact with the Genetic Variants Related to Collagen Metabolism Involved in Skin Wrinkle Risk in Middle-Aged Women

by Sunmin Park, Suna Kang and Woo Jae Lee

Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2021, 18(4), 2044; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18042044 - 19 Feb 2021

Cited by 7 | Viewed by 3255

Abstract

Genetic and environmental factors influence wrinkle development. We evaluated the polygenetic risk score (PRS) by pooling the selected single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) from a genome-wide association study (GWAS) for wrinkles and the interaction of PRS with lifestyle factors in middle-aged women. Under the [...] Read more.

Genetic and environmental factors influence wrinkle development. We evaluated the polygenetic risk score (PRS) by pooling the selected single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) from a genome-wide association study (GWAS) for wrinkles and the interaction of PRS with lifestyle factors in middle-aged women. Under the supervision of a dermatologist, the skin status of 128 women aged over 40 years old was evaluated with Mark-Vu, a skin diagnosis system. PRS was generated from the selected SNPs for wrinkle risk from the genome-wide association study. Lifestyle interactions with PRS were also evaluated for wrinkle risk. Participants in the wrinkled group were more likely to be post-menopausal, eat less fruit, take fewer vitamin supplements, exercise less, and be more tired after awakening in the morning than those in the less-wrinkled group. The PRS included EGFR_rs1861003, MMP16_rs6469206, and COL17A1_rs805698. Subjects with high PRS had a wrinkle risk 15.39-fold higher than those with low PRS after adjusting for covariates, and they had a 10.64-fold higher risk of a large skin pore size. Menopause, UV exposure, and water intake interacted with PRS for wrinkle risk: the participants with high PRS had a much higher incidence of wrinkle risk than those with low PRS, only among post-menopausal women and those with UV exposure. Only with low water intake did the participants with medium PRS have increased wrinkle risk. In conclusion, women aged >40 years with high PRS-related collagen metabolism may possibly avoid wrinkle risk by avoiding UV exposure by applying sunscreen, maintaining sufficient water intake, and managing estrogen deficiency. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Sun-Related Behaviors and Skin Health)

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Review

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12 pages, 331 KiB

Open AccessReview

Impact of Social Media on Skin Cancer Prevention

by Henriette De La Garza, Mayra B. C. Maymone and Neelam A. Vashi

Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2021, 18(9), 5002; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18095002 - 9 May 2021

Cited by 29 | Viewed by 7990

Abstract

Despite the increasing prevalence of social media usage in health care contexts, its impact on skin cancer prevention and awareness has not been largely investigated. We conducted a review of literature on this topic with the objective of summarizing and analyzing the role [...] Read more.

Despite the increasing prevalence of social media usage in health care contexts, its impact on skin cancer prevention and awareness has not been largely investigated. We conducted a review of literature on this topic with the objective of summarizing and analyzing the role of social media in skin cancer and sun damage awareness and to identify the uses, benefits, and limitations of different social media platforms on skin cancer prevention. In today’s technological society, it is critical to understand and study the best form of communication. Specific platforms like Instagram, Twitter, Facebook, YouTube, and TikTok vary in originators of material, target demographics, messaging strategies, and reliability of information with regards to skin cancer, sun, and indoor tanning damage. Our results demonstrate that social media interventions have shown promise in skin cancer prevention and continue to escalate by the day. Dermatologists should keep pace with the latest dermatological content on social media and examine its evolution to target the right audience with the proper messages. Further research is needed to evaluate the effectiveness and true impact of social media on meaningful and lasting behavior change for skin cancer prevention. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Sun-Related Behaviors and Skin Health)

Other

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3 pages, 968 KiB

Open AccessCorrection

Correction: Lamy et al. Monitoring Solar Radiation UV Exposure in the Comoros. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2021, 18, 10475

by Kévin Lamy, Marion Ranaivombola, Hassan Bencherif, Thierry Portafaix, Mohamed Abdoulwahab Toihir, Kaisa Lakkala, Antti Arola, Jukka Kujanpää, Mikko R. A. Pitkänen and Jean-Maurice Cadet

Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2021, 18(24), 13399; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph182413399 - 20 Dec 2021

Viewed by 1081

Abstract

Text Correction [...] Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Sun-Related Behaviors and Skin Health)

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