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A special issue of International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health (ISSN 1660-4601). This special issue belongs to the section "Health Behavior, Chronic Disease and Health Promotion".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (30 April 2023) | Viewed by 13857

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Special Issue Editors

Dr. Michał Czapla

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Guest Editor

1. Department of Emergency Medical Service, Wroclaw Medical University, 51-618 Wroclaw, Poland
2. Institute of Heart Diseases, University Hospital, 50-566 Wroclaw, Poland
3. Group in Research in Care (GRUPAC), Faculty of Health Science, University of La Rioja, 26006 Logroño, Spain
Interests: prehospital care; cardiovascular diseases; nutrition; lifestyle; nutritional status; emergency medicine
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Prof. Dr. Raúl Juárez-Vela

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Guest Editor

Group of Research in Care (GRUPAC), Faculty of Health Sciences, University of La Rioja, 26006 Logroño, Spain
Interests: cardiovascular risk factors; atherosclerosis; nutrition; obesity; nursing interventions; suicidal behaviours
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

One-third of all deaths are caused by cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), which are among the most common causes of death not only in Europe but globally. There is no doubt that nutritional status and

CVDs are interrelated. The nutritional status in CVD patients is undoubtedly related to their quality of life, risk of re-hospitalization, prolonged hospitalization, complications, and increased risk of death during in-patient treatment. Consequently, disease-related malnutrition significantly increases medical costs, and its importance in the course of the disease remains underappreciated.

Potential topics for this Special Issue include but are not limited to novel methods of nutritional assessment, malnutrition, overweight and obesity, personalized nutrition, dietary requirements and dietary patterns, lengths of hospitalization, and in-hospital and long-term mortality.

Dr. Michał Czapla
Dr. Raúl Juárez-Vela
Guest Editors

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Keywords

cardiovascular disease
heart disease
nutritional status
malnutrition
overweight
obesity
dietary patterns
nutrition
mortality
heart failure
acute coronary syndrome
atrial fibrillation

Published Papers (7 papers)

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Research

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13 pages, 799 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Nutritional Status of Coronary Artery Disease Patients—Preliminary Results

by Joanna Popiolek-Kalisz and Piotr Blaszczak

Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2023, 20(4), 3464; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20043464 - 16 Feb 2023

Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1241

Abstract

Introduction: Malnutrition is a condition that negatively impacts the clinical outcomes of numerous diseases. The aim of this study was to assess the nutritional status of coronary artery disease (CAD) patients and to investigate its relationship with the main clinical aspects of CAD. Material and methods: 50 CAD patients undergoing coronary angiography were enrolled in this study. The nutritional status assessment was based on Nutritional Risk Score 2002 (NRS 2002), body mass index (BMI), and bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) measurements. Results: The analysis showed a moderate inverse correlation between NRS 2002 and BIA phase angle measured at 50 kHz (R: −0.31; p = 0.03) and Z_200/5 parameter (R: 0.34; p = 0.02). The analysis of CAD clinical parameters showed a significant correlation between NRS 2002 and Canadian Cardiovascular Society (CCS) class (R: 0.37; p = 0.01). Left ventricle ejection fraction (LVEF) was correlated with BMI (R: 0.38; p = 0.02), however further BIA revealed hydration changes as LVEF was correlated to intracellular (ICF) and extracellular fluid (ECF) proportion: positively with ICF (R: 0.38; p = 0.02) and negatively with ECF (R: −0.39; p = 0.02). Conclusions: NRS 2002 and BIA are valuable tools for nutritional status assessment in CAD patients. Malnutrition is related to the severity of CAD symptoms, particularly in women. Maintaining proper nutritional status can have a potentially important role in this group of patients. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue New Advances in Cardiovascular Nutrition)

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14 pages, 377 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Dietary Inflammatory Index (DII)^® and Metabolic Syndrome in the Selected Population of Polish Adults: Results of the PURE Poland Sub-Study

by Alicja Szypowska, Katarzyna Zatońska, Andrzej Szuba and Bożena Regulska-Ilow

Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2023, 20(2), 1056; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20021056 - 06 Jan 2023

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1985

Abstract

The aim of the study was to assess the relationship between the inflammatory potential of the diets of residents of Lower Silesia, based on the Dietary Inflammatory Index (DII), with the incidence of metabolic syndrome (MetS) and its components. Diets were characterized according to DII terciles. The study group consisted of 1570 individuals enrolled in the Polish arm of the Prospective Urban and Rural Epidemiological (PURE) study. Participants’ diets in DII T1 (most anti-inflammatory diet) had the highest intake of vegetables (except for potatoes), fruits, nuts and seeds, low-calorie beverages, tea, and coffee (all p < 0.001). On the other hand, participants’ diets in DII T3 (most pro-inflammatory diet) contained a lot of whole-fat products, refined cereals, fats (except for vegetable oils), fruit juices, red meat, processed meat/meat products, sugar-sweetened beverages, sweets, sugar, and honey (all p < 0.001). Overall, we did not find an increased prevalence of MetS and its individual components in DII tercile 3 (T3) compared to DII tercile 1 (T1), except for an increased prevalence of abnormal TG in DII T3 compared to T1 (OR 1.34; 95% CI = 1.01 to 1.78) in the crude model. In the adjusted model, a lower prevalence of abnormal fasting glucose (FG) was found in DII T2 compared to DII T1 (OR 0.71; 95% CI = 00.54 to 0.94). Results of this study are informative and provide an important basis for further research on the quality of diet and nutrition. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue New Advances in Cardiovascular Nutrition)

13 pages, 1123 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Dietary Isorhamnetin Intake Is Inversely Associated with Coronary Artery Disease Occurrence in Polish Adults

by Joanna Popiolek-Kalisz and Emilia Fornal

Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2022, 19(19), 12546; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph191912546 - 01 Oct 2022

Cited by 6 | Viewed by 1275

Abstract

The role of antioxidative agents in coronary artery disease (CAD) has been investigated, but the analysis of specific flavonols intake in Polish adults requires validated tools. The aim of this study was to estimate the dietary intake of flavonols in CAD patients by creating a food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) dedicated for this purpose in Polish adults. The FFQ included 140 products from 12 food groups. The study involved 103 adult respondents (43 CAD patients and 60 healthy controls). Mean daily intakes of total flavonols, quercetin, kaempferol, myricetin and isorhamnetin were calculated as absolute values and quartiles. Mean daily intakes of 12 main food categories and 27 subcategories were calculated as portions and quartiles. The validity test revealed high correlation for total flavonols, kaempferol, myricetin and isorhamnetin and moderate for quercetin. In the reproducibility analysis, the correlation was high for total flavonols, quercetin, kaempferol and myricetin, moderate for isorhamnetin and high for all 12 categories and 25 out of 27 subcategories of the tested food groups. The application of the FFQ in healthy adults and CAD patients revealed that dietary intakes of total flavonols and proportional intakes of kaempferol and isorhamnetin in Polish adults and CAD patients are higher than in most other European countries, while the proportional intakes of quercetin and myricetin are lower than in most European countries. The comparison between CAD patients and the healthy controls revealed significant differences in dietary isorhamnetin intake (p = 0.002). The results suggest that dietary isorhamnetin could have a potential role in CAD prevention. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue New Advances in Cardiovascular Nutrition)

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10 pages, 369 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Combined Dietary Education and High-Intensity Interval Resistance Training Improve Health Outcomes in Patients with Coronary Artery Disease

by Pallav Deka, Jesús Blesa, Dola Pathak, Nuria Sempere-Rubio, Paula Iglesias, Lydia Micó, José Miguel Soriano, Leonie Klompstra and Elena Marques-Sule

Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2022, 19(18), 11402; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph191811402 - 10 Sep 2022

Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1892

Abstract

Background: Reducing cardiovascular risk through lifestyle changes that include a heart-healthy diet and regular exercise is recommended in the rehabilitation of patients with coronary artery disease (CAD). We pilot-tested the effectiveness of a dietary-education and high-intensity interval resistance training (DE–HIIRT) program on healthy food choices and associated anthropometric variables in patients with established CAD. Methods: A total of 22 participants, aged 60.0 ± 7.2 years, were enrolled in the study. Over 3 months, under the guidance and supervision of a physiotherapist, participants performed the resistance exercises 2×/week in a group setting (cohort of 11). Participants additionally attended three sessions of dietary education led by a dietician. Participants demonstrated their knowledge and understanding of dietary education by picking heart-healthy foods by reading food labels. Outcomes included change in diet (measured using the tricipital skinfold thickness Mediterranean Diet Adherence questionnaire (MEDAS-14) and the Food Consumption Frequency Questionnaire (FCFQ)) and anthropometric measurements (body composition, body circumference, and tricipital skinfold thickness). A paired t-test was performed to analyze the differences between the baseline and post-intervention results. Results: Participants significantly increased their consumption of vegetables (p = 0.04) and lowered their consumption of sweet snacks (p = 0.007), pastries (p = 0.02), and processed food (p = 0.05). Significant improvements in body mass index (p = 0.001), waist circumference (p = 0.0001), hip circumference (p = 0.04), and body fat (p = 0.0001) were also achieved. Conclusion: Making lifestyle changes that include both diet and exercise is essential in the management of CAD. The HIIRT program combined with dietary changes shows promise in achieving weight-loss goals in this population and needs to be further investigated with appropriate study designs. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue New Advances in Cardiovascular Nutrition)

13 pages, 772 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Assessment of Malnutrition in Heart Failure and Its Relationship with Clinical Problems in Brazilian Health Services

by Juliana Santos Barbosa, Márcia Ferreira Cândido de Souza, Jamille Oliveira Costa, Luciana Vieira Sousa Alves, Larissa Marina Santana Mendonça de Oliveira, Rebeca Rocha de Almeida, Victor Batista Oliveira, Larissa Monteiro Costa Pereira, Raysa Manuelle Santos Rocha, Ingrid Maria Novais Barros de Carvalho Costa, Diva Aliete dos Santos Vieira, Leonardo Baumworcel, Marcos Antonio Almeida-Santos, Joselina Luzia Menezes Oliveira, Eduardo Borba Neves, Alfonso López Díaz-de-Durana, María Merino-Fernández, Felipe J. Aidar and Antônio Carlos Sobral Sousa

Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2022, 19(16), 10090; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph191610090 - 15 Aug 2022

Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1851

Abstract

Malnutrition in heart failure (HF) is frequent and associated with a worse prognosis. Due to differences in investment and the profile of those assisted, the objective of this study was to evaluate the frequency of malnutrition in hospitalized patients with HF and its association with clinical outcomes in the public and private health systems. Methodology: A cross-sectional study, with 247 volunteers hospitalized with HF in three public hospitals and one private hospital in Aracaju, SE, Brazil. A subjective global nutritional assessment (SGA) and mini nutritional assessment (MNA) were performed. Results: Sample with 72.5% users of the public health system and 75.3% with malnutrition (public = 74.9%; private = 76.5%; p = 0.793). Regardless of the healthcare system, hospital stay (>14 days) was longer (p = 0.020) among those with malnutrition (48.4%) than well-nourished patients (29.5%). Malnutrition in the public system had higher mortality (7.5%; 5.8%; p < 0.001) and hospital transfer rate (21.1%; 0.0%; p < 0.001) than those in the private system. Death after discharge was observed only in the public system (p = 0.039). Conclusion: Malnutrition was frequent in both systems and was associated with longer hospital stays and, in the public hospital, in-hospital death and transfers. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue New Advances in Cardiovascular Nutrition)

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13 pages, 372 KiB

Open AccessArticle

The Association between Nutritional Status and Length of Hospital Stay among Patients with Hypertension

by Michał Czapla, Raúl Juárez-Vela, Katarzyna Łokieć, Marta Wleklik, Piotr Karniej and Jacek Smereka

Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2022, 19(10), 5827; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19105827 - 10 May 2022

Cited by 13 | Viewed by 2065

Abstract

Background: Nutritional status is related to the prognosis and length of hospital stay (LOS) of patients with hypertension (HT). This study aimed to assess how nutritional status and body mass index (BMI) affect LOS for patients with hypertension. Method: We performed a retrospective analysis of 586 medical records of patients who had been admitted to the Institute of Heart Diseases of the University Clinical Hospital in Wroclaw, Poland. Results: A total of 586 individuals were included in the analysis. Individuals who were at a nutritional risk represented less than 2% of the study population, but more than 60% were overweight or obese. The mean BMI was 28.4 kg/m² (SD: 5.16). LOS averaged 3.53 days (SD = 2.78). In the case of obese individuals, hospitalisation lasted for 3.4 ± 2.43 days, which was significantly longer than for patients of normal weight. For underweight patients, hospitalisation lasted for 5.14 ± 2.27 days, which was also significantly longer than for those in other BMI categories (p = 0.017). The independent predictors of shorter hospitalisations involved higher LDL concentration (parameter of regression: −0.015) and HDL concentration (parameter of regression: −0.04). Conclusions: The study revealed that with regard to the nutritional status of hypertensive patients, being either underweight or obese was associated with longer LOS. Additional factors that related to prolonged LOS were lower LDL and HDL levels and higher CRP concentrations. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue New Advances in Cardiovascular Nutrition)

Review

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15 pages, 1181 KiB

Open AccessReview

Iron Deficiency and Deranged Myocardial Energetics in Heart Failure

by Michał Tkaczyszyn, Krzysztof Michał Górniak, Weronika Hanna Lis, Piotr Ponikowski and Ewa Anita Jankowska

Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2022, 19(24), 17000; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph192417000 - 18 Dec 2022

Cited by 4 | Viewed by 2417

Abstract

Among different pathomechanisms involved in the development of heart failure, adverse metabolic myocardial remodeling closely related to ineffective energy production, constitutes the fundamental feature of the disease and translates into further progression of both cardiac dysfunction and maladaptations occurring within other organs. Being the component of key enzymatic machineries, iron plays a vital role in energy generation and utilization, hence the interest in whether, by correcting systemic and/or cellular deficiency of this micronutrient, we can influence the energetic efficiency of tissues, including the heart. In this review we summarize current knowledge on disturbed energy metabolism in failing hearts as well as we analyze experimental evidence linking iron deficiency with deranged myocardial energetics. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue New Advances in Cardiovascular Nutrition)

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