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Occupational and Psychosocial Determinants of Employees’ Health

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A special issue of International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health (ISSN 1660-4601). This special issue belongs to the section "Occupational Safety and Health".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 July 2023) | Viewed by 13442

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Special Issue Editor

Dr. Jean-Baptist du Prel

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Guest Editor

Department of Occupational Health Science, University of Wuppertal, 42119 Wuppertal, Germany
Interests: work-related stress; psychosocial determinants on mental health; occupational epidemiology; prevention; health promotion; social inequality; migration; employment participation at a higher working age

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

People spend a huge part of their lifetimes at their place of work. Working conditions can have a significant effect on their physical and mental health. With the shift to service economies in many industrialized countries, psychosocial determinants of employees’ health have become more and more important. Psychosocial influences at work can be a risk or an opportunity for employees’ health. Besides the nature of a psychosocial factor, its health effect may also depend on employees’ vulnerability and coping strategies. Overall, the pathways between work-related psychosocial influences and health outcomes can be complex. Our knowledge of moderating and mediating factors in these associations is still limited. Furthermore, the longitudinal effects of many psychosocial determinants on employees’ health have not been sufficiently investigated. Finally, studies investigating the effects of the use of prevention, health promotion, and a healthy work environment to mitigate the health effects of work-related psychosocial risks are still rare.

This Special Issue of International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health focuses on psychosocial determinants of employees’ mental and physical health. Emphasis is placed on longitudinal investigations and studies disentangling the pathways from psychosocial risks to health outcomes. Studies investigating interventions or working conditions with a mitigating effect on psychosocial hazards are welcomed.

Dr. Jean-Baptist du Prel
Guest Editor

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Keywords

psychosocial determinants
employees’ health
mediation
moderation
longitudinal studies
prevention
health promotion
psychosocial hazards

Published Papers (5 papers)

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Research

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13 pages, 544 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Labour-Market Characteristics and Self-Rated Health: Evidence from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study

by Yuwei Pan, Hynek Pikhart, Martin Bobak and Jitka Pikhartova

Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2023, 20(6), 4748; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20064748 - 08 Mar 2023

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1404

Abstract

In the face of labour-force ageing, understanding labour-market characteristics and the health status of middle-aged and older workers is important for sustainable social and economic development. Self-rated health (SRH) is a widely-used instrument to detect health problems and predict mortality. This study investigated labour-market characteristics that may have an impact on the SRH among Chinese middle-aged and older workers, using data from the national baseline wave of the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study. The analytical sample included 3864 individuals who at the time held at least one non-agricultural job. Fourteen labour-market characteristics were clearly defined and investigated. Multiple logistic regression models of the associations of each labour-market characteristic with SRH were estimated. Seven labour-market characteristics were associated with higher odds of poor SRH when controlled for age and sex. Employment status and earned income remained significantly associated with poor SRH, when controlling for all the sociodemographic factors and health behaviours. Doing unpaid work in family businesses is associated with 2.07 (95% CI, 1.51–2.84) times probability of poor SRH, compared with employed individuals. Compared with more affluent individuals (highest quintile of earned income), people in the fourth and fifth quintiles had 1.92 (95% CI, 1.29–2.86) times and 2.72 (95% CI, 1.83–4.02) times higher chance, respectively, of poor SRH. In addition, residence type and region were important confounders. Measures improving adverse working conditions should be taken to prevent future risk of impaired health among the Chinese middle-aged and older workforce. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Occupational and Psychosocial Determinants of Employees’ Health)

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16 pages, 388 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Predicting Challenge and Threat Appraisal of Job Demands among Nurses: The Role of Matching Job Resources

by Martha Fernandez de Henestrosa, Philipp E. Sischka and Georges Steffgen

Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2023, 20(2), 1288; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20021288 - 11 Jan 2023

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1680

Abstract

(1) Background: Empirical studies have started to examine employees’ subjective appraisals of job demands and their relations to employees’ health. However, knowledge of working conditions, which might contribute to how employees appraise specific job demands, is scarce. The present study aimed to examine predictors of nurses’ appraisals of job demands (i.e., time pressure, emotional demands, physical demands, and role ambiguity) as challenges and/or threats among corresponding job resources (i.e., autonomy, social support, physical resources, participation in decision-making). It also examined moderating effects of these predictors. (2) Methods: Cross-sectional data were collected via an online survey in a sample of 425 nurses working in Luxembourg. (3) Results: Multiple regression analyses indicated that matching job resources predicted nurses’ appraisal of job demands as challenging. Threat appraisal was predicted by three out of four kinds of job resources (i.e., autonomy, physical resources, participation in decision-making). However, the current study did not find any moderating effects between job demands and job resources on challenge/threat appraisals. (4) Conclusions: The present study identified domain-specific job resources that contribute to how employees perceive selected job demands. Accordingly, we encourage scholars and practitioners to align job demands with matching job resources to prevent nurses’ threat appraisal of job demands, and to promote their challenge appraisals. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Occupational and Psychosocial Determinants of Employees’ Health)

11 pages, 594 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Transformational Leadership and Employees’ Psychological Wellbeing: A Longitudinal Study

by Lara Lindert, Sabrina Zeike, Kyung-Eun (Anna) Choi and Holger Pfaff

Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2023, 20(1), 676; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20010676 - 30 Dec 2022

Cited by 2 | Viewed by 2332

Abstract

Managers play a key role in realizing a humane organization of work. Transformational leadership aims to identify and examine leadership behaviors that strengthen employees’ awareness of the importance and values of task outcomes by articulating a vision for the future, providing a realistic action plan, and giving individualized support. Previous studies have revealed associations between transformational leadership and the psychological wellbeing of employees in different settings, while others did not find such associations. As research based on longitudinal data remains rare, this study builds on longitudinal data from two employee surveys conducted in 2015 and 2018 in a medium-sized German company. In this study, transformational leadership_t0 and gender had a significant impact on transformational leadership_t1, while psychological wellbeing_∆, social capital_∆, and age did not. Psychological wellbeing_t0 and social capital_∆ had a significant impact on psychological wellbeing_t1, but transformational leadership_∆, age, and gender did not. Therefore, it is worthwhile for companies to invest in social capital and focus on gender aspects at work. As underlying mechanisms regarding employees’ psychological wellbeing may differ between companies, it is worthwhile for each organization to conduct mental risk assessments to identify “red flags” and implement suitable measures. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Occupational and Psychosocial Determinants of Employees’ Health)

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12 pages, 357 KiB

Open AccessFeature PaperArticle

Emotional Regulation Self-Efficacy Influences Moral Decision Making: A Non-Cooperative Game Study of the New Generation of Employees

by Bo Liu, Taishan Yang and Wei Xie

Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2022, 19(23), 16360; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph192316360 - 06 Dec 2022

Cited by 2 | Viewed by 2240

Abstract

Scholars generally believe that personality characteristics and psychological factors influence individual moral decision-making. However, few have ever discussed specific psychological factors and characteristics having such influences. Based on the self-efficacy theory and the social identity theory, this paper has proposed, from the perspective of social cognition, that emotional regulation self-efficacy influences the moral decision-making of the new generation of employees and that the mediating effect of interpersonal trust and the regulating effect of communication also play a role in the decision-making process. This study has designed a “red-blue experiment” based on the complete static information model in the non-cooperative game theory so as to conduct an experimental and qualitative analysis for the new generation of employees and to explore the characteristics of psychological process, self-efficacy, and moral decision-making of the experimental population. Through analysis of the 138 data sources collected from the experiment, the results showed that emotional self-efficacy had a significant positive effect on moral decision-making (p < 0.01), emotional self-efficacy had a significant positive effect on interpersonal trust (r = 0.560, p < 0.01), and interpersonal trust had a significant positive effect on moral decision-making (r = 0.290, p < 0.01). The mediating effect was 0.163. The interaction terms of emotional regulation self-efficacy and communication effect had a significant negative effect on interpersonal trust (r = −0.221, p < 0.01). All the hypotheses proposed in this study are supported by experimental data and reveal the psychological mechanism of moral decision-making in the new generation of employees. The study has further shown that the moral education of the new generation of employees needs to focus on improving emotional regulation self-efficacy and enhancing interpersonal trust, which provides theoretical support for the moral education methods and paths of the new generation of employees. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Occupational and Psychosocial Determinants of Employees’ Health)

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Review

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27 pages, 2391 KiB

Open AccessReview

Fatigue and Sleep in Airline Cabin Crew: A Scoping Review

by Candice C. Y. Wen, Darsh Cherian, Maya T. Schenker and Amy S. Jordan

Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2023, 20(3), 2652; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20032652 - 01 Feb 2023

Cited by 2 | Viewed by 4984

Abstract

Airline cabin crew operate in dynamic work environments that are continuously changing, from unpredictable shift work hours to travelling through multiple time zones. These likely impact cabin crews’ overall health and may affect their performance on safety-related tasks. Research on this population has been limited; therefore, the aim was to summarise the relevant literature regarding fatigue, sleepiness and mental health of cabin crew. This review followed the PRISMA-ScR guidelines and conducted a systematic search utilising five databases. The initial search identified 1223 studies, and through vigorous screening processes, 27 studies were selected for this review. Over half of the selected studies focused on international or long-haul flights, and a large proportion of the sample participants were women. Findings suggested a high prevalence of fatigue and sleepiness as well as unsatisfactory sleep quality with elevated susceptibility to sleep disorders. Factors identified with health outcomes were associated with flight operations (e.g., rosters) and individual differences (e.g., age and coping strategies). Regarding mental health, cabin crews are potentially at a greater risk for depression and anxiety compared to the general public. This review draws attention to the importance of using a standardised approach, such as validated measures for fair and consistent inferences. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Occupational and Psychosocial Determinants of Employees’ Health)

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