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Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors: Epidemiology and Risk Assessment
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Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors: Epidemiology and Risk Assessment

A special issue of International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health (ISSN 1660-4601).

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (3 January 2024) | Viewed by 3651

Special Issue Editor

Dr. Sandra Milena Colorado-Yohar

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
1. CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Murcia, Spain
2. Department of Epidemiology, Murcia Regional Health Council, IMIB-Arrixaca, Murcia, Spain
3. Research Group on Demography and Health, National Faculty of Public Health, University of Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia
Interests: chronic disease epidemiology; cardiovascular risk factors; endocrine-disrupting chemicals; cancer

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Cardiovascular diseases (CVD), including ischemic heart diseases, cerebrovascular and hypertensive diseases, are the most common fatal non-communicable diseases globally. In high-income countries CVD is placed first among mortality rates, although great geographical inequalities are present. Despite there is a slight reducing trend in mortality along the last decades, their impact remains high also when considering disability aspects, so CVD ranks second by Years of Life Lost (YLL) and Disability Adjusted Life Years (DALY) lost in both sexes. CVD are linked to hypertension, hypercholesterolaemia, or diabetes, and unhealthy lifestyles, such as smoking, poor diets, and obesity. Since these factors are, to a large extent, preventable, a better control of CVD incidence and prevalence would be archivable through reduction of the population exposure to these, and potentially other, risk factors. Besides, the identification of populations at risk could take advantage of new approaches to stratify individual risks based on genetic, or metabolomic profiles, to better define target populations who could benefit more from personalized preventive or therapeutical approaches.

This special issue aims to showcase the scientific evidence that provides new insights in the assessment of known and new CVD risk factors, including studies on cardiovascular risk profiles based on clinical, lifestyle, genetic, or -omics data. The issue also encourages studies that explore the temporal evolution of cardiovascular disease and its risk factors in different areas and population settings and papers that propose or evaluate new algorithms for individual stratification of cardiovascular risk in the context of personalised prevention and treatment.

Original papers including randomized controlled trials and observational studies, will be considered. Narrative or systematic reviews and meta-analyses are also welcome.

Dr. Sandra Milena Colorado-Yohar
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2500 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • cardiovascular Diseases (CVDs)
  • CARDIOVASCULAR risk factors, risk assessment for cardiovascular disease
  • cardiovascular diseases/epidemiology
  • genetic risk cardiovascular
  • evolution cardiovascular diseases
  • risk algorithms
  • risk scores

Published Papers (2 papers)

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18 pages, 994 KiB  
Review
Physiotherapy-Led Health Promotion Strategies for People with or at Risk of Cardiovascular Diseases: A Scoping Review
by Etienne Ngeh Ngeh, Anna Lowe, Carol Garcia and Sionnadh McLean
Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2023, 20(22), 7073; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20227073 - 16 Nov 2023
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Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) are prevalent and lead to high morbidity and mortality globally. Physiotherapists regularly interact with patients with or at risk of CVDs (pwCVDs). This study aimed to assess the nature of existing evidence, interventional approaches used, and the population groups included [...] Read more.
Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) are prevalent and lead to high morbidity and mortality globally. Physiotherapists regularly interact with patients with or at risk of CVDs (pwCVDs). This study aimed to assess the nature of existing evidence, interventional approaches used, and the population groups included in physiotherapy-led health promotion (PLHP) for pwCVDs. The scoping review followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses Extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR) guidelines. Medline, PubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, CINAHL, and PEDro databases were searched from inception until June 2023. Two reviewers independently screened the titles, abstracts, and full text and conducted data extraction. All conflicts were resolved with a third reviewer. A total of 4992 records were identified, of which 20 full-text articles were included in the review. The studies had varied populations, including those with stroke, coronary artery diseases, peripheral artery diseases, hypertension, diabetes, and multiple CVD risk factors. The interventions ranged from exercise and physical activity programmes, dietary interventions, education, and counselling sessions with various supplementary approaches. Most interventions were short-term, with less than 12 months of follow-up. Interventions were personalised and patient-centred to promote adherence and health behaviour change. Among the included studies, 60% employed experimental designs, with the remainder using quasi-experimental designs. Although a wide range of PLHP strategies have been used for pwCVDs, exercise and physical activity were employed in 85% of the included studies. Other components of health promotion, such as sleep, smoking, and alcohol abuse, should be investigated within PLHP. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors: Epidemiology and Risk Assessment)
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9 pages, 327 KiB  
Brief Report
Inverse Association between Educational Status and Coronary CT Calcium Scores: Should We Reflect This in Our ASCVD Risk Assumptions?
by Christiane Dienhart, Bernhard Paulweber, Vanessa N. Frey, Bernhard Iglseder, Eugen Trinka, Patrick Langthaler, Elmar Aigner, Marcel Granitz and Bernhard Wernly
Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2023, 20(12), 6065; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20126065 - 06 Jun 2023
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Abstract
Education is not a factor included in most cardiovascular risk models, including SCORE2. However, higher education has been associated with lower cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Using CACS as a proxy for ASCVD, we studied the association between CACS and educational status. Subjects, aged [...] Read more.
Education is not a factor included in most cardiovascular risk models, including SCORE2. However, higher education has been associated with lower cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Using CACS as a proxy for ASCVD, we studied the association between CACS and educational status. Subjects, aged 40–69, from the Paracelsus 10,000 cohort, who underwent calcium scoring as part of screening for subclinical ASCVD, were classified into low, medium, and high educational status using the Generalized International Standard Classification of Education. CACS was dichotomised as either 0 or >0 for logistic regression modelling. Our analysis showed that higher educational status was associated with higher odds for 0 CACS (aOR 0.42; 95%CI 0.26–0.70; p = 0.001). However, there was no statistically significant association between the levels of total, HDL or LDL cholesterol and educational status, nor any statistical differences in HbA1c. SCORE2 did not differ between the three educational categories (4 ± 2% vs. 4 ± 3% vs. 4 ± 2%; p = 0.29). While our observations confirmed the relationship between increased educational status and lower ASCVD risk, the effect of educational status was not mediated via its impact on classical risk factors in our cohort. Thus, perhaps educational status should be taken into account to more accurately reflect individual risk in cardiovascular risk models. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors: Epidemiology and Risk Assessment)
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