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IJERPH
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Cardiorespiratory Fitness and Its Health Implications
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Cardiorespiratory Fitness and Its Health Implications

A special issue of International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health (ISSN 1660-4601). This special issue belongs to the section "Health Behavior, Chronic Disease and Health Promotion".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (30 March 2023) | Viewed by 6494

Special Issue Editor

Prof. Dr. Hyun-Sik Kang

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
College of Sport Science, Sungkyunkwan University, 300 Chenchen Dong, Suwon 440746, Republic of Korea
Interests: integrated exercise physiology; physical activity and fitness; modifiable risk factors; chronic diseases

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

We are very pleased to present the special issue on “Cardiorespiratory Fitness and its Health Implications” with International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health (IJERPH).

Cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) is a component of the health-related physical fitness that reflects the oxygen-carrying capacity of the cardiopulmonary and circulatory system into working skeletal muscle for energy production during sustained physical activity. The health benefits of maintaining or obtaining high CRF via regular exercise have been well established across the lifespan. In children and adolescents, high CRF has been associated with better physical and mental health conditions and better academic performance. In adults, high CRF plays a critical role in the protection against chronic diseases, including overweight and obesity, cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, and cancers, and the risk reduction of premature death from the metabolic and cardiovascular diseases. The health benefits of high CRF is not limited to the chronic diseases. In older adults, high CRF also provides the protection from depression and cognitive impairments and delays the onset of neurodegenerative diseases such as dementia or attenuates the disease progression.

The special issue welcomes any paper addressing the health implications of CRF from observational and experimental studies as well as systemic review or meta-analysis studies.

Prof. Dr. Hyun-Sik Kang
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2500 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • physical fitness and activity
  • health implications
  • disease prevention

Published Papers (3 papers)

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Research

11 pages, 982 KiB  
Article
The Relationship between Late-Life Depression and Cognitive Function in Older Korean Adults: A Moderation Analysis of Physical Activity Combined with Lower-Body Muscle Strength
by Jiyoung Kong, Minjeong Kang and Hyunsik Kang
Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2022, 19(14), 8769; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19148769 - 19 Jul 2022
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 2146
Abstract
Background: This study examined the relationship of physical activity (PA) combined with lower-body muscle strength to late-life depression and cognitive impairment in 10,097 participants (6062 females) ≥ 65 years of age. Methods: Exposures were PA, sit-to-stand test (STST), and depressive symptoms. Outcome was [...] Read more.
Background: This study examined the relationship of physical activity (PA) combined with lower-body muscle strength to late-life depression and cognitive impairment in 10,097 participants (6062 females) ≥ 65 years of age. Methods: Exposures were PA, sit-to-stand test (STST), and depressive symptoms. Outcome was cognitive performance. Results: Depressed individuals had an increased risk of mild cognitive impairment (MCI; odds ratio (OR), adjusted OR = 1.845 and 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.580–2.154, p < 0.001) compared with non-depressed individuals. Individuals who had insufficient PA and a poor STST and either insufficient PA or a poor STST had an increased risk of MCI (adjusted OR = 1.329 and 95% CI = 1.209–1.46, p < 0.001 and adjusted OR = 2.822 and 95% CI = 2.488–3.200, p < 0001, respectively) compared with individuals who had sufficient PA and a good STST. A significant moderation effect of PA combined with lower-body muscle strength on the relationship between depression and cognitive function was observed (β = −1.3923; 95% CI = −2.1505 to −0.6341, p < 0.003). Conclusions: The negative effect of late-life depression on cognitive function was incremental in the order of sufficient PA and a good STST, insufficient PA or a poor STST, and insufficient PA and a poor STST. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Cardiorespiratory Fitness and Its Health Implications)
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12 pages, 650 KiB  
Article
The Acute Effects of Single or Repeated Bouts of Vigorous-Intensity Exercise on Insulin and Glucose Metabolism during Postprandial Sedentary Behavior
by Tobias Engeroff, Eszter Füzeki, Lutz Vogt and Winfried Banzer
Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2022, 19(8), 4422; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19084422 - 7 Apr 2022
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 1769
Abstract
Fitness and exercise may counteract the detrimental metabolic and mood adaptations during prolonged sitting. This study distinguishes the immediate effects of a single bout vs. work-load and intensity-matched repeated exercise breaks on subjective well-being, blood glucose, and insulin response (analyzed as area under [...] Read more.
Fitness and exercise may counteract the detrimental metabolic and mood adaptations during prolonged sitting. This study distinguishes the immediate effects of a single bout vs. work-load and intensity-matched repeated exercise breaks on subjective well-being, blood glucose, and insulin response (analyzed as area under the curve) during sedentary time; and assesses the influence of fitness and caloric intake on metabolic alterations during sedentariness. Eighteen women underwent cardiopulmonary exercise testing and three 4 h sitting interventions: two exercise interventions (70% VO2max, 30 min, cycle ergometer: (1) cycling prior to sitting; (2) sitting interrupted by 5 × 6 min cycling), and one control condition (sitting). Participants consumed one meal with ad libitum quantity (caloric intake), but standardized macronutrient proportion. Exercise breaks (4057 ± 2079 μU/mL·min) reduced insulin values compared to a single bout of exercise (5346 ± 5000 μU/mL·min) and the control condition (6037 ± 3571 μU/mL·min) (p ≤ 0.05). ANCOVA revealed moderating effects of caloric intake (519 ± 211 kilocalories) (p ≤ 0.01), but no effects of cardiorespiratory fitness (41.3 ± 4.2 mL/kg/min). Breaks also led to lower depression, but higher arousal compared to a no exercise control (p ≤ 0.05). Both exercise trials led to decreased agitation (p ≤ 0.05). Exercise prior to sitting led to greater peace of mind during sedentary behavior (p ≤ 0.05). Just being fit or exercising prior to sedentary behavior are not feasible to cope with acute detrimental metabolic changes during sedentary behavior. Exercise breaks reduce the insulin response to a meal. Despite their vigorous intensity, breaks are perceived as positive stimulus. Detrimental metabolic changes during sedentary time could also be minimized by limiting caloric intake. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Cardiorespiratory Fitness and Its Health Implications)
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10 pages, 781 KiB  
Article
Association between Cardiorespiratory Fitness and Metabolic Syndrome in Korean Older Adults
by Shinuk Kim
Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2022, 19(6), 3671; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19063671 - 19 Mar 2022
Cited by 6 | Viewed by 2061
Abstract
Background: Little is known about the relationship between non-exercise-based estimation of cardiorespiratory fitness (eCRF) and metabolic syndrome (MetS) in Korea. The current study examined the prognostic role of eCRF in the risk stratification of MetS in a representative sample of Korean older adults [...] Read more.
Background: Little is known about the relationship between non-exercise-based estimation of cardiorespiratory fitness (eCRF) and metabolic syndrome (MetS) in Korea. The current study examined the prognostic role of eCRF in the risk stratification of MetS in a representative sample of Korean older adults (1822 men and 3069 women). Methods: The data used in the current study were extracted from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys IV and V. eCRF was obtained using a previously validated algorithm. MetS was defined according to the National Cholesterol Education Program definition with the acceptance of a Korean-specific waist circumference cutoff point. Results: Lower eCRF was significantly correlated with abnormalities in several components of MetS, including abdominal obesity, elevated glucose, elevated triglycerides, and decreased high-density lipoprotein cholesterol. Furthermore, there was an inverse linear relationship between MetS prevalence and eCRF levels; higher eCRF was significantly and independently associated with lower prevalence of MetS. Conclusion: The current findings suggest that eCRF can be adopted as a prognostic measure in determining the risk for MetS for elderly persons. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Cardiorespiratory Fitness and Its Health Implications)
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