International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health

Research

28 pages, 4119 KiB

Open AccessArticle

The Development of an Oral Health Nursing Tool for Patients with a Psychotic Disorder: A Human-Centred Design with a Feasibility Test

by Sonja Kuipers, Stynke Castelein, Linda Kronenberg, Job van ’t Veer and Nynke Boonstra

Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2024, 21(4), 492; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph21040492 - 17 Apr 2024

Viewed by 747

Abstract

Patients with psychotic disorders frequently report oral health problems, while mental health nurses (MHNs) seem not to be fully aware of these problems and the risk factors. Therefore, this study aimed to develop supportive tools for MHNs regarding oral health to increase sensitisation [...] Read more.

Patients with psychotic disorders frequently report oral health problems, while mental health nurses (MHNs) seem not to be fully aware of these problems and the risk factors. Therefore, this study aimed to develop supportive tools for MHNs regarding oral health to increase sensitisation among MHNs and provide MHNs with the knowledge to recognise (potential) oral health problems in patients with a psychotic disorder. We used a human-centred design in which the user, MHNs and experts by experience were placed at the centre of the research process. Problems and needs in MHNs working with patients with a psychotic disorder were addressed. To identify key issues of problems as well as needs in terms of resources, we started with focus groups (n = 9). We analysed the data thematically based on the context of patients and MHNs in practice regarding oral health, preferred oral health tools focused on MHNs, and the intended outcomes of tools. A multi-criteria decision matrix was developed and analysed (n = 9) to identify the most optimal and viable solution based on established criteria and issues that are prevalent in the work of MHNs. The most promising result was the development of a brochure with an awareness screener. The brochure with the awareness screener was developed as a low-fidelity prototype for MHNs regarding oral health in patients with a psychotic disorder based on the latest scientific evidence. After testing it, the feasibility was tested through semi-structured interviews (n = 19). MHNs and experts by experience were satisfied with the tool and provided recommendations for adjustments to the content. Significant augmentations to the brochure included a clinical lesson and a toothbrush with toothpaste for patients. We can conclude that a brochure with an awareness screener is feasible for MHNs. Future steps aiming to further refine and optimise care processes for oral health tools in MHNs should take refining eligibility criteria for psychiatric populations and the language level of the target group of a tool into account. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances and Innovations in Mental Health and Public Health)

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13 pages, 302 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Exploring Psychiatric Home-Visit Nursing Practices for Patients with Schizophrenia and Hikikomori with a Thematic Analysis

by Maki Miou, Hirokazu Fujimoto, Kayano Yotsumoto, Misato Hirota, Satoshi Nishigaki and Takeshi Hashimoto

Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2024, 21(2), 181; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph21020181 - 05 Feb 2024

Viewed by 1314

Abstract

The phenomenon of some patients with schizophrenia withdrawing and becoming hikikomori needs to be resolved. In some countries, outreach methods are being employed. In Japan, psychiatric home-visit nursing for patients with schizophrenia and hikikomori is being implemented. However, it is not based on [...] Read more.

The phenomenon of some patients with schizophrenia withdrawing and becoming hikikomori needs to be resolved. In some countries, outreach methods are being employed. In Japan, psychiatric home-visit nursing for patients with schizophrenia and hikikomori is being implemented. However, it is not based on sufficient evidence and relies on the experience and intuition of individual nurses. This study explored the underlying themes in the nursing practices of psychiatric home-visit nurses via semi-structured interviews with 10 nurses and a thematic analysis. Nine key themes emerged. Four themes—(i) understanding the patient’s world, (ii) supporting the patients as they are, (iii) providing a sense of relief, and (iv) having equal relationships—highlighted the nurses’ commitment to respecting patients’ individuality while building and sustaining relationships. Two themes—(v) exploring the right timing and (vi) waiting for the appropriate timing—illustrated the nurses’ anticipation of proactive patient engagement. Finally, three themes—(vii) working together on things, (viii) continuing care for expanding the patient’s world, and (ix) nursing care for the patient’s future—underscored the nurses’ gradual and methodical approach to working alongside patients. Nursing practices based on these nine themes cultivated meaningful relationships and secured a sense of relief for the patients. Additionally, they awaited patients’ proactive engagement and delivered timely support to facilitate positive daily life changes. These findings contribute to the establishment of evidence-based nursing practices for patients with schizophrenia and hikikomori. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances and Innovations in Mental Health and Public Health)

13 pages, 526 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Trajectories of Drug Use and Depressive Symptoms among Latinx Youth and Sexual Minority Youth

by Alyssa Lozano, Tae Kyoung Lee, Elliott R. Weinstein, Yannine Estrada, Beck Graefe, Maria I. Tapia and Guillermo Prado

Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2023, 20(10), 5883; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20105883 - 19 May 2023

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1309

Abstract

Drug use and depression co-occur and disproportionately affect Latinx sexual minority youth relative to their heterosexual Latinx peers. However, heterogeneity in co-occurring patterns of drug use and depressive symptoms is unknown. The objective of the current study was to identify patterns of drug [...] Read more.

Drug use and depression co-occur and disproportionately affect Latinx sexual minority youth relative to their heterosexual Latinx peers. However, heterogeneity in co-occurring patterns of drug use and depressive symptoms is unknown. The objective of the current study was to identify patterns of drug use and depressive symptom trajectories and examine how these patterns varied between Latinx sexual minority youth and Latinx non-sexual minority youth. Latent class trajectory analysis identified distinct patterns of drug use and depressive symptom trajectories among 231 Latinx adolescents (Latinx sexual minority youth: n = 46, 21.4%; Latinx non-sexual minority youth: n = 169, 78.6%). After identifying class mean trajectories, we examined differences in mean trajectories across groups. A 3-class model was selected as the optimal class trajectory model for both groups, yet classes and trajectories differed. There were differences in initial levels of depression and drug use trajectories between both groups, as well as differences in patterns of drug use trajectories between both groups in two of the three classes. Given the variation in trajectory patterns, there is a need for practitioners to consider the unique needs of both groups to inform the development of preventive interventions for these two populations. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances and Innovations in Mental Health and Public Health)

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20 pages, 1242 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Physical, Psychiatric, and Social Comorbidities of Individuals with Schizophrenia Living in the Community in Japan

by Masaaki Matsunaga, Yuanying Li, Yupeng He, Taro Kishi, Shinichi Tanihara, Nakao Iwata, Takahiro Tabuchi and Atsuhiko Ota

Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2023, 20(5), 4336; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20054336 - 28 Feb 2023

Cited by 3 | Viewed by 2156

Abstract

The physical, psychiatric, and social comorbidities interfere with the everyday activities of community-dwelling individuals with schizophrenia and increase the risk of their readmission. However, these comorbidities have not been investigated comprehensively in Japan. We conducted a self-reported internet survey in February 2022 to [...] Read more.

The physical, psychiatric, and social comorbidities interfere with the everyday activities of community-dwelling individuals with schizophrenia and increase the risk of their readmission. However, these comorbidities have not been investigated comprehensively in Japan. We conducted a self-reported internet survey in February 2022 to identify individuals aged 20–75 years with and without schizophrenia using a prevalence case-control study. The survey compared physical comorbidities such as being overweight, hypertension, and diabetes; psychiatric comorbidities such as depressive symptoms and sleep disturbances; social comorbidities such as employment status, household income, and social support between participants with and without schizophrenia. A total of 223 participants with schizophrenia and 1776 participants without schizophrenia were identified. Participants with schizophrenia were more likely to be overweight and had a higher prevalence of hypertension, diabetes, and dyslipidemia than participants without schizophrenia. Additionally, depressive symptoms, unemployment, and non-regular employment were more prevalent in participants with schizophrenia than those without schizophrenia. These results highlight the necessity of comprehensive support and interventions addressing physical, psychiatric, and social comorbidities in individuals with schizophrenia in the community. In conclusion, effective interventions for managing comorbidities in individuals with schizophrenia are necessary to enable them to continue to live in the community. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances and Innovations in Mental Health and Public Health)

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27 pages, 3185 KiB

Open AccessArticle

A Human-Centered Design Approach to Develop Oral Health Nursing Interventions in Patients with a Psychotic Disorder

by Sonja Kuipers, Stynke Castelein, Linda Kronenberg, Job van ’t Veer and Nynke Boonstra

Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2023, 20(4), 3475; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20043475 - 16 Feb 2023

Cited by 2 | Viewed by 2047

Abstract

In mental health, oral health is often given little attention. Mental health nurses (MHNs) are professionally the appropriate target group to support maintaining and increasing oral health. We aimed to develop and validate personas that reflect the attitudes and needs of MHNs regarding [...] Read more.

In mental health, oral health is often given little attention. Mental health nurses (MHNs) are professionally the appropriate target group to support maintaining and increasing oral health. We aimed to develop and validate personas that reflect the attitudes and needs of MHNs regarding oral health in patients with a psychotic disorder. We used a human-centered design with contextual interviews (n = 10) to address the key issues of the problems and needs of MHNs working with patients with a psychotic disorder. We analyzed the data thematically and reflected on insights into unique personas, which were then validated by conducting semi-structured interviews (n = 19) and member checking. Four personas were found based on attitudes and perspectives, barriers, needs, suggestions for interventions, and site conditions regarding practicing oral care in this patient group. Our findings were as follows: the attitudes and perspectives differed from not feeling any responsibility to a holistic obligation, including oral health; suggestions for interventions for MHNs ranged from interventions focusing on improving skills and knowledge to using practical tools; most MHNs recognized themselves within a persona that had a holistic obligation that included oral health; in addition, the MHNs indicated that they considered the issue of oral health in this patient group important, but, in practice, took little responsibility for that role. These findings suggest that a toolkit with interventions for MHNs that are tailored to the personas that emerged from our research should be developed by MHNs in co-creation with designers. The differences between the perceived role and MHNs’ practice in oral health highlighted the need for role clarification and professional leadership of MHNs regarding oral health, which should be considered when developing interventions. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances and Innovations in Mental Health and Public Health)

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14 pages, 730 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Effectiveness of Agreement Criteria and Flows of Collaborative Care in Primary Mental Health Care in Brazil

by Valdecir Carneiro da Silva, Ardigleusa Alves Coêlho, Ana Angélica Rêgo de Queiroz, Gabriela Maria Cavalcanti Costa, João Carlos Alchieri, Ricardo Alexandre Arcêncio and Severina Alice da Costa Uchôa

Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2022, 19(22), 15148; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph192215148 - 17 Nov 2022

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1745

Abstract

The supply of mental health processes in primary care has gaps. This study aims to analyze the association of agreement criteria and flows between primary care teams and the Family Health Support Center (NASF) for mental health collaborative care, considering the difference between [...] Read more.

The supply of mental health processes in primary care has gaps. This study aims to analyze the association of agreement criteria and flows between primary care teams and the Family Health Support Center (NASF) for mental health collaborative care, considering the difference between capital and non-capital cities in Brazil. This cross-sectional study was conducted based on secondary data from the Primary Care Access and Quality Improvement Program. Agreement criteria and flows were obtained from 3883 NASF teams of the matrix support or collaborative care. The Chi-square test and multiple Poisson regression were used; p < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Prevalence ratios of negative associations demonstrated protective factors for support actions: follow-up at Psychosocial Care Center, management of psychopharmacotherapy, offer of other therapeutic actions, care process for users of psychoactive substances, and offer of activities to prevent the use of psychoactive substances. Collaborative care in primary care was effective, and capital cities were a protective factor compared with non-capital cities. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances and Innovations in Mental Health and Public Health)

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20 pages, 1484 KiB

Open AccessArticle

A Parallel Mediation Analysis on the Effects of Pandemic Accentuated Occupational Stress on Hospitality Industry Staff Turnover Intentions in COVID-19 Context

by Lavinia Denisia Cuc, Andrea Feher, Paul Nichita Cuc, Silviu Gabriel Szentesi, Dana Rad, Gavril Rad, Mioara Florina Pantea and Cosmin Silviu Raul Joldes

Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2022, 19(19), 12050; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph191912050 - 23 Sep 2022

Cited by 12 | Viewed by 4159

Abstract

The purpose of this research was to analyze how different effects of the COVID pandemic, expressed through pandemic accentuated occupational stress, perceived job insecurity, occupational safety and health perception and perceived organizational effectiveness, may impact turnover intentions of the personnel in the hospitality [...] Read more.

The purpose of this research was to analyze how different effects of the COVID pandemic, expressed through pandemic accentuated occupational stress, perceived job insecurity, occupational safety and health perception and perceived organizational effectiveness, may impact turnover intentions of the personnel in the hospitality industry. Our research team designed an online questionnaire which was analyzed with network analysis to depict the relationship between factors, and, then, a confirmatory factor analysis was employed to confirm the distribution of the items to the envisaged five factors. Based on a sample of 324 randomized Romanian hospitality industry staff, the results of our cross-sectional study revealed that occupational safety and health perception, perceived organizational effectiveness and perceived job insecurity in the pandemic accentuated occupational stress to indirectly and significantly impact hospitality industry staff turnover intentions (TI). The results indicated that, while the total effect of PAOS on TI was significant, the direct effect was still significant, while all three mediators remained significant predictors. Overall, mediators partially mediated the relationship between PAOS and TI, indicating that employees with low scores on occupational safety and health perception (OSHP), and perceived organizational effectiveness (POE) and high scores on perceived job insecurity (PJI) were more likely to have higher levels of TI turnover intentions. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances and Innovations in Mental Health and Public Health)

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20 pages, 563 KiB

Open AccessArticle

The Alchemy of Coaching: Psychological Capital as HERO within Coaches’ Selves

by Nur Aimi Nasuha Burhanuddin, Nor Aniza Ahmad, Rozita Radhiah Said and Soaib Asimiran

Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2022, 19(19), 12020; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph191912020 - 23 Sep 2022

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1829

Abstract

The complex nature of coaching challenges instructional coaches (ICs) professionally as it requires them to deal with not only teachers’ resistance, acceptance and expectation but also adhere to the complex and multifaceted roles that they are bearing. Psychological capital (PsyCap) has been upheld [...] Read more.

The complex nature of coaching challenges instructional coaches (ICs) professionally as it requires them to deal with not only teachers’ resistance, acceptance and expectation but also adhere to the complex and multifaceted roles that they are bearing. Psychological capital (PsyCap) has been upheld as an effective construct for defending against stress, negative emotions and burnout among educators. This phenomenological study explores ways in which PsyCap was experienced by Malaysian instructional coaches (ICs). Data were gathered from face-to-face interviews with seven instructional coaches purposefully selected from six different District Education Offices (DEOs) throughout Malaysia. Extracted from participants’ own words and through the exploration performed, PsyCap was experienced by the participants through a sense of responsibility, positive resources and work commitment. This study highlights the importance of PsyCap as inner positive psychological resources that aided instructional coaches in their practice of coaching. In addition, this study suggests future research recommendations towards implementing PsyCap developmental training with another group of instructional coaches. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances and Innovations in Mental Health and Public Health)

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21 pages, 454 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Charting an Alternative Course for Mental Health-Related Anti-Stigma Social and Behaviour Change Programmes

by Daniel Walsh and Juliet Foster

Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2022, 19(17), 10618; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph191710618 - 25 Aug 2022

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1687

Abstract

Mental health-related anti-stigma strategies are premised on the assumption that stigma is sustained by the public’s deficiencies in abstract professional knowledge. In this paper, we critically assess this proposition and suggest new directions for research. Our analysis draws on three data sets: news [...] Read more.

Mental health-related anti-stigma strategies are premised on the assumption that stigma is sustained by the public’s deficiencies in abstract professional knowledge. In this paper, we critically assess this proposition and suggest new directions for research. Our analysis draws on three data sets: news reports (N = 529); focus groups (N = 20); interviews (N = 19). In each social context, we explored representations of mental health and illness in relation to students’ shared living arrangements, a key group indicated for mental health-related anti-stigma efforts. We analysed the data using term-frequency inverse-document frequency (TF-IDF) models. Possible meanings indicated by TF-IDF modelling were interpreted using deep qualitative readings of verbatim quotations, as is standard in corpus-based research approaches to health and illness. These results evidence the flawed basis of dominant mental health-related anti-stigma campaigns. In contrast to deficiency models, we found that the public made sense of mental health and illness using dynamic and static epistemologies and often referenced professionalised understandings. Furthermore, rather than holding knowledge in the abstract, we also found public understanding to be functional to the social context. In addition, rather than being agnostic about mental health-related knowledge, we found public understandings are motivated by group-based identity-related concerns. We will argue that we need to develop alternative anti-stigma strategies rooted in the public’s multiple contextualised sense-making strategies and highlight the potential of engaging with ecological approaches to stigma. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances and Innovations in Mental Health and Public Health)

13 pages, 394 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Prevalence and Factors Associated with Metabolic Syndrome in Patients at a Psychosocial Care Center: A Cross-Sectional Study

by Dandara Almeida Reis da Silva, Ludmila Santana de Almeida, Livia Lugarinho Correa, Rodrigo Fernandes Weyll Pimentel, Antonio Marcos Tosoli Gomes, Ana Gabriela Travassos, Adriana Mattos Viana, Monique Magnavita Borba da Fonseca Cerqueira, Marcio Costa de Souza, Anderson Reis de Sousa, Paulo José Bastos Barbosa, Julita Maria Freitas Coelho, Lucelia Batista Neves Cunha Magalhães, Argemiro D’Oliveira Júnior, Jorge Lopes Cavalcante Neto, Charles Souza Santos, Luiz Carlos Moraes França, Juliana de Lima Brandão, Livia Fajin de Mello dos Santos, Helena Ferraz Gomes, Ellen Marcia Peres, Thais Regis Aranha Rossi, Kairo Silvestre Meneses Damasceno, Millena Conceição das Mercês, Sandra Lúcia Fernandes, Eline de Almeida Soriano, Isolda Prado de Negreiros Nogueira Maduro, Tatiana Santos Brandão, Amanda Cardoso Menezes, Amália Ivine Costa Santana and Magno Conceição das Merces Show full author list Hide full author list

Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2022, 19(16), 10203; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph191610203 - 17 Aug 2022

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1935

Abstract

Background: Metabolic syndrome (MS) is associated with greater risk of morbimortality and it has high prevalence in people with mental illness. Objective: Estimate the prevalence of Metabolic Syndrome (MS) and its associated factors in the patients of a Psychosocial Care Center (CAPS in [...] Read more.

Background: Metabolic syndrome (MS) is associated with greater risk of morbimortality and it has high prevalence in people with mental illness. Objective: Estimate the prevalence of Metabolic Syndrome (MS) and its associated factors in the patients of a Psychosocial Care Center (CAPS in Brazilian Portuguese) in the city of Salvador, state of Bahia, Brazil. Method: Cross-sectional study set at CAPS in the city of Salvador-Bahia between August 2019 and February 2020. MS was evaluated according to the National Cholesterol Education Program’s Adult Treatment Panel III. In addition to descriptive statistics, gross and adjusted prevalence ratios were described. Results: MS was found in 100 (35.2%) individuals, 116 (40.9%) were obese and 165 (58.1%) had increased waist circumference. Polypharmacy was identified in 63 (22.3%) patients and 243 (85.9%) used antipsychotics. Under gross evaluation, women (PR = 1.88; 95%CI: 1.35–2.63) and those who used antidepressants (PR = 1.41; 95%CI: 1.05–1.88) showed an association with MS. After logistic regression, depression (PR = 1.86; 95%CI: 1.38–2.51), acanthosis (PR = 1.50; 95%CI: 1.18–1.90), use of antipsychotics (PR = 1.88; 95%CI: 1.13–2.75), and hypertriglyceridemic waist (PR = 3.33; 95%CI: 2.48–4.46) were associated with MS. Conclusion: The prevalence of MS signals multimorbidity among individuals with mental disorders and suggests a need for clinical screening. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances and Innovations in Mental Health and Public Health)

13 pages, 400 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Influence of Sociodemographic and Emotional Factors on the Relationship between Self-Compassion and Perceived Stress among Men Residing in Brazil during the COVID-19 Pandemic

by Emanuel Missias Silva Palma, Anderson Reis de Sousa, Jules Ramon Brito Teixeira, Wanderson Carneiro Moreira, Ana Caroline Monteiro de Araújo, Luiz Filipe Vieira Souza, Júlio Cézar Ramos dos Anjos, Hannah Souza de Almeida Portela, Herica Emilia Félix de Carvalho, Vinícius de Oliveira Muniz, Nilo Manoel Pereira Vieira Barreto, Éric Santos Almeida, Tilson Nunes Mota, Sélton Diniz dos Santos, Antônio Tiago da Silva Souza, Josielson Costa da Silva, Camila Aparecida Pinheiro Landim Almeida, Luciano Garcia Lourenção, Aline Macêdo de Queiroz, Edmar José Fortes Júnior, Magno Conceição das Merces, Shirley Verônica Melo Almeida Lima, Francisca Michelle Duarte da Silva, Nadirlene Pereira Gomes, Maria Lúcia Silva Servo, Evanilda Souza de Santana Carvalho, Sônia Barros, Tânia Maria De Araújo, Márcia Aparecida Ferreira de Oliveira, Álvaro Francisco Lopes de Sousa and Isabel Amélia Costa Mendes Show full author list Hide full author list

Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2022, 19(13), 8159; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19138159 - 03 Jul 2022

Cited by 2 | Viewed by 2256

Abstract

The analysis of sociodemographic and emotional factors is essential to understanding how men perceive stress and practice self-compassion. In health crises, this problem becomes an emergency for public health. This study aimed to analyze the influence of sociodemographic and emotional factors on the [...] Read more.

The analysis of sociodemographic and emotional factors is essential to understanding how men perceive stress and practice self-compassion. In health crises, this problem becomes an emergency for public health. This study aimed to analyze the influence of sociodemographic and emotional factors on the relationship between self-compassion and the perceived stress of men residing in Brazil during the COVID-19 pandemic. This is a nationwide cross-sectional study carried out between June and December 2020 with 1006 men who completed a semi-structured electronic questionnaire. Data were collected using the snowball technique. Perceived stress was measured by the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS-14), and self-compassion was assessed using the Self-Compassion Scale. Most men had low self-compassion (51.5%; n = 516) and a moderate level of perceived stress (60.9%; n = 613), while 15.9% (n = 170) had a high level of stress. The prevalence of men in the combined situation of low self-compassion and high perceived stress was 39.4% (n = 334). Living with friends had a higher prevalence of low self-compassion and high perceived stress. The prevalence of common mental disorders was high (54.3%). Men with low levels of self-compassion reported higher levels of perceived stress; however, this association was moderated by emotional and sociodemographic variables. These findings highlight the importance of considering individual and contextual factors in public policies promoting men’s mental health. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances and Innovations in Mental Health and Public Health)

15 pages, 721 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Mediating Effects of Social Support and Resilience on the Association between COVID-19-Related Stress and Mental Health in Korean Young Adults

by Dabok Noh and Suin Park

Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2022, 19(11), 6935; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19116935 - 06 Jun 2022

Cited by 11 | Viewed by 2368

Abstract

Young adults were vulnerable to mental health issues during the COVID-19 pandemic. However, the underlying pathway by which COVID-19-related stress influences mental health outcomes among young adults remains unclear. This study aimed to examine the mediating effects of social support and resilience between [...] Read more.

Young adults were vulnerable to mental health issues during the COVID-19 pandemic. However, the underlying pathway by which COVID-19-related stress influences mental health outcomes among young adults remains unclear. This study aimed to examine the mediating effects of social support and resilience between COVID-19-related stress and mental health outcomes. A sample of 1000 Korean young adults was obtained via online survey. Participants completed self-report questionnaires assessing COVID-19-related stress, social support, resilience, depression, and anxiety. Overall, 48.1% and 23.4% of participants were classified as having depression and anxiety states, respectively. Path analysis using AMOS version 26.0 (IBM Corp., Armonk, NY, USA) showed that the direct effects of stress from social distancing difficulties on depression and anxiety were much greater than those of stress from fear of infection and anger toward others. In addition, there were significant indirect effects of social support and resilience in the relationship between stress related to difficulties due to social distancing and mental health outcomes. The mediating roles of social support and resilience suggest that interventions to increase these factors can be effective strategies to reduce the risks of depression and anxiety among young adults suffering from stress related to social distancing difficulties. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances and Innovations in Mental Health and Public Health)

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15 pages, 521 KiB

Open AccessArticle

The Interaction between Serotonin Transporter Allelic Variation and Maternal Care Modulates Instagram Sociability in a Sample of Singaporean Users

by Andrea Bonassi, Ilaria Cataldo, Giulio Gabrieli, Moses Tandiono, Jia Nee Foo, Bruno Lepri and Gianluca Esposito

Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2022, 19(9), 5348; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19095348 - 28 Apr 2022

Cited by 4 | Viewed by 1866

Abstract

Human social interactions ensure recognition and approval from others, both in offline and online environments. This study applies a model from behavioral genetics on Instagram sociability to explore the impact of individual development on behavior on social networks. We hypothesize that sociable attitudes [...] Read more.

Human social interactions ensure recognition and approval from others, both in offline and online environments. This study applies a model from behavioral genetics on Instagram sociability to explore the impact of individual development on behavior on social networks. We hypothesize that sociable attitudes on Instagram resulted from an interaction between serotonin transporter gene alleles and the individual’s social relationship with caregivers. We assess the environmental and genetic components of 57 Instagram users. The self-report questionnaire Parental Bonding Instrument is adopted to determine the quality of parental bonding. The number of posts, followed users (“followings”), and followers are collected from Instagram as measures of online social activity. Additionally, the ratio between the number of followers and followings (“Social Desirability Index”) was calculated to estimate the asymmetry of each user’s social network. Finally, buccal mucosa cell samples were acquired, and the polymorphism rs25531 (T/T homozygotes vs. C-carriers) within the serotonin transporter gene was examined. In the preliminary analysis, we identified a gender effect on the number of followings. In addition, we specifically found a gene–environment interaction on the standardized Instagram “Social Desirability Index” in line with our predictions. Users with the genotype more sensitive to environmental influences (T/T homozygotes) showed a higher Instagram “Social Desirability Index” than nonsensitive ones (C-carriers) when they experienced positive maternal care. This result may contribute to understanding online social behavior from a gene*environment perspective. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances and Innovations in Mental Health and Public Health)

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17 pages, 1037 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Shyness and School Engagement in Chinese Suburban Preschoolers: A Moderated Mediation Model of Teacher–Child Closeness and Child Gender

by Yunpeng Wu, Min Fang, Jianfen Wu, Yingmin Chen and Hui Li

Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2022, 19(7), 4270; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19074270 - 02 Apr 2022

Cited by 3 | Viewed by 2170

Abstract

Shyness is associated with poorer preschool engagement, but few studies have evaluated the underlying mechanisms in Chinese preschoolers. This study explored the mediating role of teacher–child closeness and the moderating role of child gender in the association between shyness and school engagement to [...] Read more.

Shyness is associated with poorer preschool engagement, but few studies have evaluated the underlying mechanisms in Chinese preschoolers. This study explored the mediating role of teacher–child closeness and the moderating role of child gender in the association between shyness and school engagement to fill this gap. With the cluster sampling method, a total of 532 young children (240 girls; M_age = 4.29 years, SD = 0.65 years) were recruited from 15 suburban kindergartens in East China. Mothers rated children’s shyness, and teachers evaluated children’s school engagement and teacher–child closeness five months later. The results reveal the following: (1) Shyness was related to higher cooperative participation and lower school avoidance; (2) Teacher–child closeness mediated the relationships between shyness and school engagement. Specifically, shyness negatively predicted teacher–child closeness, and teacher–child closeness positively predicted cooperative and independent participations and school liking, and negatively predicted school avoidance; (3) Child gender moderated the relationship between shyness and school engagement, and specifically, for boys but not girls, shyness was significantly linked with lower school avoidance; for girls but not boys, shyness was significantly related to higher cooperative participation and lower independent participation. These findings have implications for the school engagement of preschoolers. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances and Innovations in Mental Health and Public Health)

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16 pages, 419 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Factors Associated with Emotion Regulation in Men with Internet Access Living in Brazil during the COVID-19 Pandemic

by Jules Ramon Brito Teixeira, Anderson Reis de Sousa, Emanuel Missias Silva Palma, Wanderson Carneiro Moreira, Thiago da Silva Santana, Nilo Manoel Pereira Vieira Barreto, Maciel Alves de Moura, Oscar Javier Vergara-Escobar, Oscar Yovani Fabián José, Gildásio Souza Pereira, Paulo Henrique Martins de Oliveira, Jacilene Santiago do Nascimento Trindade dos Santos, Emerson Lucas Silva Camargo, Tânia Maria de Araújo, Isabel Amélia Costa Mendes, Carla Aparecida Arena Ventura, Evanilda Souza de Santana Carvalho and Álvaro Francisco Lopes de Sousa

Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2022, 19(7), 3877; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19073877 - 24 Mar 2022

Cited by 5 | Viewed by 2547

Abstract

Objective: to evaluate the factors associated with emotion regulation in men with internet access living in Brazil during the COVID-19 pandemic. Method: an epidemiological survey, conducted with 1015 men. An electronic form was applied containing sociodemographic and occupational characteristics, support and coping strategies, [...] Read more.

Objective: to evaluate the factors associated with emotion regulation in men with internet access living in Brazil during the COVID-19 pandemic. Method: an epidemiological survey, conducted with 1015 men. An electronic form was applied containing sociodemographic and occupational characteristics, support and coping strategies, as well as emotional and behavioral aspects. Emotion regulation was assessed using the Emotion Regulation Questionnaire. Results: The prevalence values observed were 44.6% for Low Cognitive Reappraisal and of 47.1% for High Emotional Suppression. The following factors were identified as associated: (a) with Low Cognitive Reappraisal: being aged 30 years old or more, practicing physical activity, worrying about social distancing and having positive emotions and feelings; and (b) with High Emotional Suppression: being heterosexual, non-white race/skin color, having security support or public administration, not sanitizing food, worrying about lack of physical activity and not having negative emotions. Conclusion: the adoption of emotion regulation strategies was associated with individual, contextual and emotional/behavioral characteristics. Masculinity ideals seem to exert an influence on these relationships. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances and Innovations in Mental Health and Public Health)

16 pages, 485 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Different Coping Patterns among US Graduate and Undergraduate Students during COVID-19 Pandemic: A Machine Learning Approach

by Yijun Zhao, Yi Ding, Yangqian Shen, Samuel Failing and Jacqueline Hwang

Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2022, 19(4), 2430; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19042430 - 19 Feb 2022

Cited by 6 | Viewed by 2658

Abstract

COVID-19 caused unprecedented disruptions to regular university operations worldwide. Dealing with 100% virtual classrooms and suspension of essential in-person activities resulted in significant stress and anxiety for students coping with isolation, fear, and uncertainties in their academic careers. In this study, we applied [...] Read more.

COVID-19 caused unprecedented disruptions to regular university operations worldwide. Dealing with 100% virtual classrooms and suspension of essential in-person activities resulted in significant stress and anxiety for students coping with isolation, fear, and uncertainties in their academic careers. In this study, we applied a machine learning approach to identify distinct coping patterns between graduate and undergraduate students when facing these challenges. We based our study on a large proprietary dataset collected from 517 students in US professional institutions during an early peak of the pandemic. In particular, we cast our problem under the association rule mining (ARM) framework by introducing a new method to transform survey data into market basket items and customer transactions in which students’ behavioral patterns were analogous to customer purchase patterns. Our experimental results suggested that graduate and undergraduate students adopted different ways of coping that could be attributed to their different maturity levels and lifestyles. Our findings can further serve as a focus of attention (FOA) tool to facilitate customized advising or counseling to address the unique challenges associated with each group that may warrant differentiated interventions. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances and Innovations in Mental Health and Public Health)

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17 pages, 380 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Strategies to Reduce Mental Illness Stigma: Perspectives of People with Lived Experience and Caregivers

by Shazana Shahwan, Chong Min Janrius Goh, Gregory Tee Hng Tan, Wei Jie Ong, Siow Ann Chong and Mythily Subramaniam

Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2022, 19(3), 1632; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19031632 - 31 Jan 2022

Cited by 5 | Viewed by 7147

Abstract

Background: Reducing the stigma surrounding mental illness is a global public health priority. Traditionally, anti-stigma campaigns were led by mental health professionals/organisations and had an emphasis on increasing mental health literacy. More recently, it has been argued that people with lived experience have [...] Read more.

Background: Reducing the stigma surrounding mental illness is a global public health priority. Traditionally, anti-stigma campaigns were led by mental health professionals/organisations and had an emphasis on increasing mental health literacy. More recently, it has been argued that people with lived experience have much to contribute in terms of extending and strengthening these efforts. The purpose of this paper was to elicit views and suggestions from people with lived experience (PWLE) as well as from informal caregivers of people with mental health conditions, on effective strategies to combat the stigma surrounding mental illness. Methods: Six focus group discussions (FGDs) were carried out with PWLE recruited at outpatient services at the Institute of Mental Health, Singapore, and five FGDs were carried out with informal caregivers who responded to advertisements for the study between March and November 2018. In all, the sample comprised 42 PWLE and 31 caregivers. All the FGDs were transcribed verbatim and were analysed using thematic analysis. A pragmatic approach was adopted for the study, and the researchers did not assume any particular philosophical orientation. Results: Four overarching themes depicting strategies to combat stigma were identified through thematic analysis. They were (1) raising mental health awareness, (2) social contact, (3) advocacy by influential figures or groups, and (4) the legislation of anti-discriminatory laws. Conclusions: These strategies were in line with approaches that have been used internationally to disrupt the process of stigma. Our study has further identified nuanced details on how these strategies can be carried out as well as possible areas of priority in the Singapore landscape. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances and Innovations in Mental Health and Public Health)

19 pages, 1804 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Psychological Distress in Men during the COVID-19 Pandemic in Brazil: The Role of the Sociodemographic Variables, Uncertainty, and Social Support

by Anderson Reis de Sousa, Jules Ramon Brito Teixeira, Emanuel Missias Silva Palma, Wanderson Carneiro Moreira, Milena Bitencourt Santos, Herica Emilia Félix de Carvalho, Éric Santos Almeida, Raíssa Millena Silva Florencio, Aline Macêdo de Queiroz, Magno Conceição das Merces, Tilson Nunes Mota, Isabella Félix Meira Araújo, Josielson Costa da Silva, Sélton Diniz dos Santos, Emerson Lucas Silva Camargo, Luciano Garcia Lourenção, Richardson Augusto Rosendo da Silva, Evanilda Souza de Santana Carvalho, Iracema Lua, Sônia Barros, Tânia Maria de Araújo, Márcia Aparecida Ferreira de Oliveira, Álvaro Pereira, Wilson Abreu and Carlos Alberto da Cruz Sequeira Show full author list Hide full author list

Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2022, 19(1), 350; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19010350 - 29 Dec 2021

Cited by 14 | Viewed by 2752

Abstract

Objective: To analyze the relationships between sociodemographic variables, intolerance to uncertainty (INT), social support, and psychological distress (i.e., indicators of Common Mental Disorders (CMDs) and perceived stress (PS)) in Brazilian men during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: A cross-sectional study with national coverage, of [...] Read more.

Objective: To analyze the relationships between sociodemographic variables, intolerance to uncertainty (INT), social support, and psychological distress (i.e., indicators of Common Mental Disorders (CMDs) and perceived stress (PS)) in Brazilian men during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: A cross-sectional study with national coverage, of the web survey type, and conducted with 1006 Brazilian men during the period of social circulation restriction imposed by the health authorities in Brazil for suppression of the coronavirus and control of the pandemic. Structural equation modeling analysis was performed. Results: Statistically significant direct effects of race/skin color (λ = 0.268; p-value < 0.001), socioeconomic status (SES) (λ = 0.306; p-value < 0.001), household composition (λ = 0.281; p-value < 0.001), PS (λ = 0.513; p-value < 0.001), and INT (λ = 0.421; p-value < 0.001) were evidenced in the occurrence of CMDs. Black-skinned men with higher SES, living alone, and with higher PS and INT levels presented higher prevalence values of CMDs. Conclusions: High levels of PS and INT were the factors that presented the strongest associations with the occurrence of CMDs among the men. It is necessary to implement actions to reduce the stress-generating sources as well as to promote an increase in resilience and the development of intrinsic reinforcements to deal with uncertain threats. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances and Innovations in Mental Health and Public Health)

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27 pages, 1815 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Distress and Spiritual Well-Being in Brazilian Patients Initiating Chemotherapy during the COVID-19 Pandemic—A Cross-Sectional Study

by Angelo Braga Mendonça, Eliane Ramos Pereira, Carinne Magnago, Pedro Gilson da Silva, Diva Cristina Morett Leão, Rose Mary Costa Rosa Andrade Silva and Karina Cardoso Meira

Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2021, 18(24), 13200; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph182413200 - 15 Dec 2021

Cited by 7 | Viewed by 3281

Abstract

Social distancing and the priority given to COVID-19 patients in health services, which caused postponement of appointments and cancer treatment, may have triggered unprecedented levels of distress in cancer patients. The aim of this study was to analyze the prevalence of distress and [...] Read more.

Social distancing and the priority given to COVID-19 patients in health services, which caused postponement of appointments and cancer treatment, may have triggered unprecedented levels of distress in cancer patients. The aim of this study was to analyze the prevalence of distress and the levels of spiritual well-being of people initiating chemotherapy during the COVID-19 pandemic, identifying the factors associated with distress, and determining if there is a relationship between distress and spiritual well-being. A cross-sectional study was conducted with 91 Brazilians. Data were collected by applying the Spiritual Well-Being Scale (SWBS) and the Distress Thermometer and Problem List for Patients. The prevalence of distress was 59.5%, and the average score of spiritual well-being was 106.54 (±9.06). Emotional issues were the most reported by patients with distress. The Poisson regression showed that male sex (PR = 0.588; 95% CI 0.392–0.881), age (PR = 0.985; 95% CI 0.973–0.996), and spiritual well-being score were predictors of distress (PR = 0.971; 95% CI 0.946–0.996). These findings indicate that distress relief involves implementation of public health programs capable of integrating spiritual interventions into cancer care. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances and Innovations in Mental Health and Public Health)

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15 pages, 2155 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Experience of Vulnerable Women Narrated through the Body-Mapping Technique

by Jacqueline de Souza, Carla Aparecida Arena Ventura, Jordana Luiza Gouvêa de Oliveira, Loraine Vivian Gaino, Juliana Cristina dos Santos Monteiro, Jaqueline Lemos de Oliveira, Leticia Yamawaka de Almeida, Solina Richter and Denise Saint-Arnault

Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2021, 18(24), 13094; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph182413094 - 11 Dec 2021

Cited by 6 | Viewed by 2699

Abstract

Vulnerable women are considered a priority in public policies and research agendas. It is necessary to understand better the specificities of their daily lives and the meanings they attribute to their experiences, as this undoubtedly contributes to more grounded and culturally appropriate practices. [...] Read more.

Vulnerable women are considered a priority in public policies and research agendas. It is necessary to understand better the specificities of their daily lives and the meanings they attribute to their experiences, as this undoubtedly contributes to more grounded and culturally appropriate practices. Additionally, innovative techniques in qualitative research are demanded in academia. This narrative research study was carried out with fourteen women from a Brazilian socioeconomically vulnerable neighborhood. We used the body-mapping technique to investigate the experiences of women with mental health disorders or psychosocial distress. The aim was to analyze the self-perception about daily stressors and discuss the feasibility of this technique to facilitate this group’s storytelling. Data collection was performed through focus groups, guided by the body-mapping technique steps, and supplemented with individual interviews. Interpersonal conflicts and violence were the main stressors. These strongly impacted the well-being of these women and their children. Some important personal qualities and resilience were identified. Body-mapping played a fundamental role in facilitating storytelling. It amplified the linguistic possibilities for participants to express their feelings and promoted reflections about the present, past, and glimpses into the future. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances and Innovations in Mental Health and Public Health)

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12 pages, 357 KiB

Open AccessArticle

The Mental Health and Syndemic Effect on Suicidal Ideation among Migrant Workers in China: A Cross-Sectional Study

by Kechun Zhang, Chen Xu, Yinghuan Zhang, Rongxi Wang, Xiaoyue Yu, Tian Hu, Yaqi Chen, Zixin Wang, Bolin Cao, Hui Chen, Yujie Liu, Shangbin Liu, Huachun Zou and Yong Cai

Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2021, 18(21), 11363; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph182111363 - 29 Oct 2021

Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1897

Abstract

Background: Migrant workers are in a socially disadvantaged position and thus suffer from more stress and mental health disorders, resulting in a high risk of suicidal ideation. This study aimed to explore the association between psychosocial problems and suicidal ideation, and the syndemic [...] Read more.

Background: Migrant workers are in a socially disadvantaged position and thus suffer from more stress and mental health disorders, resulting in a high risk of suicidal ideation. This study aimed to explore the association between psychosocial problems and suicidal ideation, and the syndemic effect of concurrent psychosocial problems on suicidal ideation among migrant workers. Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study and recruited 1805 migrant workers in Shenzhen, China. Each participant completed a self-administered questionnaire to report sociodemographic information and mental health status. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression were used to explore the association between psychosocial variables and suicidal ideation, and their syndemic effect on suicidal ideation. Results: The prevalence of suicidal ideation among migrant workers was 7.5%. All selected psychosocial variables were independently associated with suicidal ideation. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that three psychosocial variables were associated with suicidal ideation: anxiety (ORm: 1783, 95% CI: 1.089–2.920), entrapment (ORm: 2.064, 95% CI: 1.257–3.388), and defeat (ORm: 2.572, 95% CI: 1.612–4.103). Various mental health issues can exist simultaneously to increase the risk of suicidal ideation (AOR: 5.762, 95% CI: 3.773–8.802). Workers with more psychosocial problems were more likely to have suicidal ideation. Conclusions: The association between poor mental health and suicidal ideation should not be overlooked among migrant workers. The co-occurring or syndemic effect of psychosocial problems may increase the risk of suicidal ideation. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances and Innovations in Mental Health and Public Health)

10 pages, 335 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Gender Differences in Sexual Behaviors and Their Relevance to Mental Health among High School Students with Sexual Experience in South Korea

by Hyunlye Kim, Kwang-Hi Park and Suin Park

Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2021, 18(21), 11295; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph182111295 - 27 Oct 2021

Cited by 3 | Viewed by 2232

Abstract

We explored gender differences in sexual behavior, and their relevance to mental health among high school students in South Korea. This study was based on data from the 14th Korea Youth Risk Behavior Web-Based Survey (2018). The subjects were 2460 high school students [...] Read more.

We explored gender differences in sexual behavior, and their relevance to mental health among high school students in South Korea. This study was based on data from the 14th Korea Youth Risk Behavior Web-Based Survey (2018). The subjects were 2460 high school students who reported sexual experiences. Student′s t-test, ANOVA, and Rao-Scott chi-squared test were performed to identify the significance of the differences. Boys had earlier sexual debuts (Rao-Scott χ² = 53.55, p < 0.001), a lower frequency of using contraceptives (Rao-Scott χ² = 26.57, p < 0.001), and lower rates of sex education in school (Rao-Scott χ² = 11.20, p = 0.004). With respect to mental health factors, there was a difference in suicidality according to sexual risk behaviors, with a stronger association found in boys. In girls, there was an association between pregnancy experiences and suicidal ideation (Rao-Scott χ² = 9.90, p = 0.003), plans (Rao-Scott χ² = 17.25, p < 0.001), and attempts (Rao-Scott χ² = 23.11, p < 0.001). Our findings suggest differences by gender and age group in the association between sexual behavior and mental health. It is necessary to devise a sex education strategy for adolescents considering gender and early versus late adolescent development period. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances and Innovations in Mental Health and Public Health)

Review

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18 pages, 809 KiB

Open AccessReview

Strategies Adopted by Addiction Facilities during the Coronavirus Pandemic to Support Treatment for Individuals in Recovery or Struggling with a Substance Use Disorder: A Scoping Review

by Divane de Vargas, Caroline Figueira Pereira, Rosa Jacinto Volpato, Ana Vitória Corrêa Lima, Rogério da Silva Ferreira, Sheila Ramos de Oliveira and Thiago Faustino Aguilar

Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2021, 18(22), 12094; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph182212094 - 18 Nov 2021

Cited by 6 | Viewed by 3181

Abstract

This review aimed to identify and synthesize strategies and actions adopted by addiction facilities to support and maintain treatment during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. A scoping review was conducted using the following information sources: Virtual Health Library, SCOPUS, Web of Science, [...] Read more.

This review aimed to identify and synthesize strategies and actions adopted by addiction facilities to support and maintain treatment during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. A scoping review was conducted using the following information sources: Virtual Health Library, SCOPUS, Web of Science, PubMed, CINAHL, and Latin American and Caribbean Health Science Literature. From a total of 971 articles, 28 studies were included. The strategies to maintain the care offer were telehealth/telemedicine, counselling/screening, 24-h telephone, webinars, conducting group therapy and support among users, adaptation for electronic health records, increased methadone/naloxone dispensing, restriction in the number of medication dispensing/day, and electronic prescription and home delivery medications. These strategies can be used to support health professionals in addressing the impact of the pandemic on the treatment of those in recovery or struggling with a substance use disorder when in-person treatment is not possible. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances and Innovations in Mental Health and Public Health)

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30 pages, 1093 KiB

Open AccessSystematic Review

Farmer Mental Health Interventions: A Systematic Review

by Terasa Younker and Heidi Liss Radunovich

Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2022, 19(1), 244; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19010244 - 26 Dec 2021

Cited by 33 | Viewed by 9138

Abstract

The prevalence of mental health disorders and suicide amongst agricultural producers is a global problem. Community leaders, researchers, policymakers, and clinicians have mobilized to develop programs to address this issue. This study reviewed a wide range of mental health interventions targeting farmer mental [...] Read more.

The prevalence of mental health disorders and suicide amongst agricultural producers is a global problem. Community leaders, researchers, policymakers, and clinicians have mobilized to develop programs to address this issue. This study reviewed a wide range of mental health interventions targeting farmer mental health spanning over 50 years and examined their reported effectiveness and constraints. A total of ninety-two articles on farmer mental health were included in a final systematic review. Most articles were written concerning mental health literacy and peer and paraprofessional support interventions in the United States and Australia. Among the 56 studies reporting empirical evaluative data, 21 were mixed-method, 20 quantitative, 11 qualitative, and 5 literature synthesis. Non-experimental, self-reported, and qualitative data suggest efficacy of mental health literacy programs, peer and paraprofessional support, and community-based and agroecological interventions. However, most interventions were not subject to rigorous evaluation and only one intervention was evaluated using a control condition. The heterogeneity of existing studies and paucity of rigorous evaluation proscribes firm conclusions related to program-type efficacy. This review demonstrates that there is still a need for a stronger and broader evidence base in the field of farmer mental health interventions, which should focus on both holistic, multi-component programs and targeted approaches. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances and Innovations in Mental Health and Public Health)

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