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Special Issue "Advances in Brassica Crops Genomics and Breeding, Volume II"

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A special issue of Horticulturae (ISSN 2311-7524). This special issue belongs to the section "Genetics, Genomics, Breeding, and Biotechnology (G2B2)".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 31 August 2023 | Viewed by 5068

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Prof. Dr. Xiaowu Wang

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Guest Editor

Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
Interests: Brassica genomics and genetics; molecular breeding
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Dr. Jian Wu

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Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
Interests: vegetable genetic breeding; genomics; genetic resources; molecular breeding
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Dr. Xu Cai
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Guest Editor

Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
Interests: pan-genome; genomics; genetics
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Following the tremendous success of the first edition of the Special Issue “Advances in Brassica Crops Genomics and Breeding” (https://www.mdpi.com/journal/horticulturae/special_issues/Brassica_Genomics), a second edition is being launched.

Brassica crops include vegetable, oil, ornamental and condimental crops. Many of these, such as Chinese cabbage, cabbage and rapeseed, are cultivated worldwide as important crops. Brassica species are unique not only because of their economic importance, but also because of the domestication of extreme morphological types, such as leafy heading, root/stem enlarging and florescence heading in these species. Moreover, Brassica species represent several important polyploidization events, including paleo-, meso- and present polyploidization, which make them ideal as model species for the investigation of polyploidization.

With the fast progress we are making in sequencing technologies, a number of genomes of Brassica crops species have been sequenced and high-quality chromosome scale assemblies were obtained. Moreover, the large-scale resequencing data of germplasm resources have been made available in B. rapa, B. oleracea, and B. napus, which allows GWAS and domestication analysis in these important crops. These breakthroughs accelerated the investigation into the genomics of the complex Brassica genomes, the evolution of different Brassica species, functional revealing of important genes, and the molecular marker-assisted breeding of Brassica crops. The purpose of this Special Issue is to present the recent advances in genomics and breeding in Brassica crops.

Prof. Dr. Xiaowu Wang
Prof. Dr. Jian Wu
Dr. Xu Cai
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Horticulturae is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 1800 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

brassica
marker-assisted breeding
gene mapping
QTL
SNP
GWAS
genomics
genome structure variation
transcriptomics
metabolomics

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Advances in Brassica Crops Genomics and Breeding in Horticulturae (14 articles)

Published Papers (6 papers)

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Open AccessArticle

QTL Mapping of Leaf-Related Traits Using a High-Density Bin Map in Brassica rapa

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Horticulturae 2023, 9(4), 433; https://doi.org/10.3390/horticulturae9040433 - 27 Mar 2023

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Abstract

The species Brassica rapa includes enormous leafy vegetables with extreme leaf morphological diversity. Leaf traits such as size, shape, weight, and ratio of the leaf blade to the petiole contribute to yield, appearance, and desirability to consumers. These leaf-related traits are controlled by quantitative trait loci (QTLs). The construction of high-density bin maps using low-coverage sequencing is a powerful method for QTL fine-mapping and gene identification. In this study, we performed whole-genome re-sequencing of Wutacai ‘Zhongbaye’ and Chinese cabbage ‘HN53’ and 150 F₂ individuals to construct a high-density bin map for QTL mapping of 11 leaf-related traits. The parental lines and F₂ population were re-sequenced at 10x and 1x coverage, respectively. A map containing 565 bin markers was constructed based on parental single-nucleotide polymorphisms and a modified sliding window approach. The total map length was 944.6 cM and the average distance of the bins was 1.65 cM. In total, 60 significant QTLs controlling 11 leaf-related traits were detected. We further identified candidate genes responsible for these complex leaf-related traits. These findings suggest that this cost-effective bin-mapping approach is capable of rapid identification of QTLs and candidate genes, and will thus facilitate the dissection of the underlying molecular basis of leaf morphological variations and accelerate the improvement of B. rapa vegetable breeding. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Brassica Crops Genomics and Breeding, Volume II)

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Open AccessEditor’s ChoiceArticle

Identification of a Monosomic Alien Chromosome Addition Line Responsible for the Purple Color Trait in Heading Chinese Cabbage

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Horticulturae 2023, 9(2), 146; https://doi.org/10.3390/horticulturae9020146 - 21 Jan 2023

Cited by 2 | Viewed by 671

Abstract

Purple heading Chinese cabbage has become popular in recent years due to its attractive color and health benefits. However, purple varieties remain rare, and the regulation mechanism of anthocyanin accumulation in Chinese cabbage is still largely unknown. By introducing the purple color trait from Brassica juncea, a new purple heading Chinese cabbage cultivar (18M-245) was generated with deep purple leaves at both the seedling and adult stages. Anthocyanin accumulation in 18M-245 increased when grown at low temperatures. FISH and genotyping results showed that the purple trait was caused by an alien chromosome addition line derived from the Brassica B genome. The LDOX coding gene BjuB014115 from the addition line was highly expressed in 18M-245, consistent with the results of anthocyanin accumulation. Meanwhile, several MYB and bHLH transcriptional factors from the Brassica A genome were found to directly bind to the promoter of BjuB014115, suggesting that interactions between the Brassica A and B genomes are involved in the regulatory network of anthocyanin biosynthesis in Chinese cabbage. Our results provide new insights into the regulation mechanism of anthocyanin biosynthesis in purple heading Chinese cabbage. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Brassica Crops Genomics and Breeding, Volume II)

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Open AccessFeature PaperArticle

Analysis of Structure Variations and Expression Characteristics of DMP8 and DMP9 Genes in Brassicaceae

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Horticulturae 2022, 8(11), 1095; https://doi.org/10.3390/horticulturae8111095 - 21 Nov 2022

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Doubled haploid (DH) technology based on in vivo haploid induction (HI), which is used to obtain true-breeding lines within a single generation, is a technique that significantly increases modern crop-breeding efficiency. Recently, dicot Arabidopsis thaliana lines containing mutations in DMP8/9 were used as haploid inducer lines, but the use of this new HI mechanism is limited in Brassicaceae species, which include many important vegetable, oil, and fodder crops. Here, we investigated the phylogenetic distribution of the DMP8 and DMP9 homologous genes from 26 sequenced Brassicaceae species. We found that DMP8 only exists in the tribe Arabideae, while multiple copies of the DMP9 gene are presenting in all the investigated Brassicaceae species. The syntenic DMP9 genes were divided into two groups derived from the S genomic block and R genomic block, respectively. We further investigated the duplication, structure variations, and expression of the DMP9 genes in Brassica species that had undergone an extra whole-genome triplication. Our results revealed that DMP9 was lost in the most fractionated (MF2) subgenome, and the retained DMP9s in the least fractionated (LF) subgenome and medium fractionated (MF1) subgenome showed diversified expression patterns, indicating their functional diversification. Our results will be useful for obtaining the target DMP genes for the establishing of HI lines in Brassicaceae crops. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Brassica Crops Genomics and Breeding, Volume II)

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Open AccessArticle

Systematic Characterization of Brassica napus HIR Gene Family Reveals a Positive Role of BnHIR2.7 in Sclerotinia sclerotiorum Resistance

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Horticulturae 2022, 8(10), 874; https://doi.org/10.3390/horticulturae8100874 - 23 Sep 2022

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 945

Abstract

Hypersensitive-induced response protein (HIR) is a class of plant immune proteins that play pivotal roles in Sclerotinia sclerotiorum (Lib.) de Bary resistance. However, there has been no systematic investigation and identification of HIR genes in rapeseed (Brassica napus L.). Hence, we identified 50 BnHIR genes and classified them into four groups. Subcellular localization prediction suggested that HIR proteins are mainly localized in the mitochondria. Cis-acting elements involved in light and diverse abiotic stress were found in the promoter regions of BnHIR. The majority of BnHIR genes in Groups 1/3/4 were expressed in most examined tissues, especially in leaves and siliques pericarp, while the BnHIR genes in Group 2 were not or had low expression in all detected tissues. In the case of S. sclerotiorum inoculation, HIR genes in Groups 1/3/4 were strongly induced, especially homologous genes in Group 1, which exhibited different expression patterns. Moreover, overexpression of BnHIR2.7 in Arabidopsis thaliana illustrated its prominent resistance to S. sclerotiorum. Our study provides insight into the evolutionary relationships of the HIR family genes in B. napus and lays the foundation for their resistance to S. sclerotiorum in B. napus. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Brassica Crops Genomics and Breeding, Volume II)

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Mechanism of Tolerance to Head-Splitting of Cabbage (Brassica oleracea L. var. capitata L.): A Review of Current Knowledge and Future Directions

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Horticulturae 2023, 9(2), 251; https://doi.org/10.3390/horticulturae9020251 - 12 Feb 2023

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Abstract

Cabbage (Brassica oleracea L. var. capitata L.) is an important cruciferous vegetable, which is rich in dietary fiber, vitamins, beta-carotene and even good for cancer prevention. So, it is widely planted around the world. However, in the production of cabbage, the property of head-splitting not only reduces the appearance quality and commercial value of cabbage but also easily infects the area with head-splitting by germs, resulting in yield reduction, even no yield, and economic losses. For the head-splitting of cabbage, this paper introduced the causes, evaluation methods and indexes, and anatomic properties and reviewed some QTLs that have been obtained. But the cabbage molecular research of head-splitting is still in its infancy compared with other vegetable plants. Head-splitting is greatly affected by water. Although the cultivation and management methods can reduce the head-splitting rate, genetic improvement of head-splitting is still the most economic and efficient way in the long run. Therefore, the changes in the substances regulating cell water potential, the development of cell wall, ductility and toughness, calcium ion-regulated pectinase and cellulase activities, expansin genes, and even the ETH and ABA pathways related to maturation and abscission can provide ideas and directions for future gene mining and mechanism analysis for head-splitting tolerance, and thus accelerate the molecular breeding process. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Brassica Crops Genomics and Breeding, Volume II)

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Open AccessReview

Pectin, Lignin and Disease Resistance in Brassica napus L.: An Update

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Horticulturae 2023, 9(1), 112; https://doi.org/10.3390/horticulturae9010112 - 14 Jan 2023

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Abstract

The plant cell wall is dynamically modified during host–pathogen interactions and acts as a crucial factor controlling plant immunity. In the context of recently revised models of plant primary cell walls (PCWs), pectin is considered to be important in determining the mechanical properties of PCWs. A secondary cell wall is present in some cell types and lignin is normally present and acts to strengthen wall rigidity. In this review, we summarize the recent advances in understanding cell-wall-mediated defense responses against pathogens in Brassica napus L. (B. napus). A major part of this response involves pectin and lignin, and these two major cell wall components contribute greatly to immune responses in B. napus. Crosstalk between pectin and lignin metabolism has been detected in B. napus upon pathogen infection, suggesting a synergistic action of pectin and lignin metabolism in regulating cell wall integrity as well as wall-mediated immunity. The transcriptional regulation of cell-wall-mediated immunity in B. napus along with that in Arabidopsis is discussed, and directions for future work are proposed for a better understanding of wall-mediated plant immunity in B. napus. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Brassica Crops Genomics and Breeding, Volume II)

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