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Horticulturae
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Advances of Vegetable Cultivation
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Advances of Vegetable Cultivation

A special issue of Horticulturae (ISSN 2311-7524). This special issue belongs to the section "Vegetable Production Systems".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (30 November 2022) | Viewed by 18013

Special Issue Editor

Prof. Dr. Jianming Li

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shanxi, China
Interests: greenhouse structure design; greenhouse environment control; vegetable water regulation; organic vegetable cultivation; crop cultivation model

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Vegetables are one of the necessary foods for human beings in daily life, providing irreplaceable nutrients and vitamins. The cultivation of vegetables has a strong impact on their yield and quality. With the development of science and technology, more advanced greenhouse structure design, greenhouse environmental control, more intelligent water and fertilizer integrated cultivation mode, and crop growth models provide wide research directions for advanced vegetable cultivation. Therefore, high-efficiency vegetable cultivation should be taken seriously—for example, greenhouse structure design, the influence of the greenhouse environment (air and soil) on the growth of vegetables, the development of environmentally friendly fertilizers, etc.

This Special Issue of Horticulturae will provide a current overview of the most significant research carried out in the field of advances in vegetable cultivation. You are warmly invited to submit your work to this issue that focuses on the following aspects: new greenhouse structure and facilities design, the influence of environmental factors on vegetable growth and fruit quality, vegetable irrigation system and fertilizer utilization, environment-friendly fertilizer, organic vegetable cultivation, and vegetable disease and pest control.

Prof. Dr. Jianming Li
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Horticulturae is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2200 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • greenhouse structure
  • environment control
  • vegetable growth
  • fruit quality
  • irrigation system
  • fertilizer utilization
  • disease and pest control

Published Papers (6 papers)

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Research

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17 pages, 5248 KiB  
Article
Effects of LED Red and Blue Light Component on Growth and Photosynthetic Characteristics of Coriander in Plant Factory
by Qi Gao, Qiuhong Liao, Qingming Li, Qichang Yang, Fang Wang and Jianming Li
Horticulturae 2022, 8(12), 1165; https://doi.org/10.3390/horticulturae8121165 - 08 Dec 2022
Cited by 10 | Viewed by 2750
Abstract
Coriander is a whole-plant edible micro vegetable frequently used in the food industry. Its fresh eating features give it a flavor that is both tasty and refreshing, as well as potentially dangerous due to the bacteria (e.g., Shigella sonnei) it may contain. [...] Read more.
Coriander is a whole-plant edible micro vegetable frequently used in the food industry. Its fresh eating features give it a flavor that is both tasty and refreshing, as well as potentially dangerous due to the bacteria (e.g., Shigella sonnei) it may contain. Artificial light-based plant factories are becoming increasingly popular due to the development of light-emitting diodes (i.e., LEDs). These plant factories employ artificial light to recreate the ideal lighting conditions for photosynthesis, ensuring plant yield and safety. Red (R) light and blue (B) light are essential for crop development and photosynthesis because R light and B light correspond to the wavelength absorption peaks of chlorophyll. However, the sensitivity of various crops to the light of varying wavelengths varies. Here, we determined the ideal R to B light ratio for cultivating coriander in plant factories by evaluating the photosynthetic characteristics of coriander (‘Sumai’) under different red–blue ratios. Specifically, we used monochrome red (R) and blue (B) light as controls and evaluated a total of seven different ratio treatments of R and B light (R, R:B = 5:1 (R5B1), R:B = 3:1 (R3B1), R:B = 1:1 (R1B1), R:B = 1:3 (R1B3), R:B = 1:5 (R1B5), B) under the background of uniform light intensity (200 ± 10 μmol m−2 s−1) and photoperiod (16-h/8-h light/dark). The results showed that the total yield of R:B = 3:1 (R3B1) was 16.11% and 30.61% higher than monochrome R and B treatments, respectively, the photosynthetic rate (Pn) and stomatal density were increased, and the nitrate content was decreased. Monochromatic light has adverse effects on crops. Monochromatic R light reduces the CO2 assimilation amount. Monochromatic blue light treatment lowers chlorophyll concentration and net photosynthetic rate. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances of Vegetable Cultivation)
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15 pages, 1989 KiB  
Article
Possibility of Vegetable Soybean Cultivation in North Europe
by Solvita Zeipiņa, Ingunn M. Vågen and Līga Lepse
Horticulturae 2022, 8(7), 593; https://doi.org/10.3390/horticulturae8070593 - 01 Jul 2022
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 2095
Abstract
The interest in cultivation of vegetable soybeans, also known as edamame, in the North Europe region has increased during the last years due to their high nutritional value and excellent taste properties. During the last decade the possible growing area for soybeans has [...] Read more.
The interest in cultivation of vegetable soybeans, also known as edamame, in the North Europe region has increased during the last years due to their high nutritional value and excellent taste properties. During the last decade the possible growing area for soybeans has expanded towards the north due to changes in climate as well as breeding efforts. In order to adopt vegetable soybean growing technology for commercial cultivation in the North Europe region, independent experiments were carried out in Latvia and Norway. This study shows that vegetable soybean is a crop with potential for successful cultivation at higher latitudes, such as the Nordic–Baltic region in North Europe, with yield levels comparable to other regions of the world. We observed that hydrothermal conditions had the most significant impact on soybean plant development. Sowing or planting as early as possible is a key to obtaining sufficient yield levels. In the study, the vegetation period needed to be at least 123 to 127 days, with growing degree days (GDD) at least 650, and hydrothermal coefficient (HTC) above 1. Under such conditions, the obtained marketable yield in Latvia ranged between 3 to 10 t ha−1 during the period of 2017–2019, and 1.2 to 10.5 t ha−1 in Norway. Planting density of 20–25 plants per m2 appeared to be optimal. The variety ‘Midori Giant’ showed the most stable yield outcome, but ‘Chiba Green’ also gave a satisfactory yield. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances of Vegetable Cultivation)
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14 pages, 3492 KiB  
Article
Evaluation of Electrostatic Spraying Equipment in a Greenhouse Pepper Crop
by Julián Sánchez-Hermosilla, José Pérez-Alonso, Patricio Martínez-Carricondo, Fernando Carvajal-Ramírez and Francisco Agüera-Vega
Horticulturae 2022, 8(6), 541; https://doi.org/10.3390/horticulturae8060541 - 17 Jun 2022
Cited by 8 | Viewed by 2610
Abstract
Greenhouse vegetable production is of great importance in southern Europe. It is a cultivation system characterised by a high planting density and environmental conditions that favour the development of pests and diseases. Although alternatives to chemical pest and disease control have been used [...] Read more.
Greenhouse vegetable production is of great importance in southern Europe. It is a cultivation system characterised by a high planting density and environmental conditions that favour the development of pests and diseases. Although alternatives to chemical pest and disease control have been used over recent years in greenhouse crops, it is still mostly plant protection products that are used to protect crops and prevent crop losses. Hand-held spraying equipment is mainly used to apply plant protection products to this type of crop. This equipment is technologically basic, offering low deposition efficiency in the plant canopy, high losses to the ground, and a high risk of worker exposure. In this context, it is important to utilise technologies that reduce the problems associated with using the conventional hand-held sprayers in greenhouses. This study evaluated the deposition and uniformity in the plant canopy and the losses to the ground when applying plant protection products with an electrostatic hand-held sprayer; the results were then compared with applications carried out using a conventional hand-held sprayer. For this purpose, a colorimetric method has been used based on the application of a tartrazine solution. The tests showed that the electrostatic spraying equipment increased the plant canopy deposition by 1.48 times that of the hand-held spray gun, resulting in a 48% reduction in the application rate. There was also a 1.78-times increase in deposition on the underside of the leaves and a 36.36% reduction in losses to the ground. In general, the electrostatic hand-held sprayer improves the effectiveness of the plant canopy deposition and reduces losses to the ground compared to the hand-held spray gun commonly used in pest and disease control. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances of Vegetable Cultivation)
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15 pages, 34187 KiB  
Article
Regulating Vapor Pressure Deficit and Soil Moisture Improves Tomato and Cucumber Plant Growth and Water Productivity in the Greenhouse
by Xiaoming Song, Lili Miao, Xiaocong Jiao, Musawar Ibrahim and Jianming Li
Horticulturae 2022, 8(2), 147; https://doi.org/10.3390/horticulturae8020147 - 09 Feb 2022
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 2536
Abstract
Atmospheric vapor pressure deficit (VPD) is the driving force that regulates the rate of water transport within plants. Under High VPD (HVPD), plants always reduce their photosynthesis rate and close their stomata. Experiments were performed under greenhouse conditions with cucumber and tomato plants [...] Read more.
Atmospheric vapor pressure deficit (VPD) is the driving force that regulates the rate of water transport within plants. Under High VPD (HVPD), plants always reduce their photosynthesis rate and close their stomata. Experiments were performed under greenhouse conditions with cucumber and tomato plants to identify the regulatory effect of VPD on plant water capacity. Treatments included two levels of soil water (100% and 60% field capacity [FC]) combined with two levels of VPD (LVPD and HVPD). Results indicated that with 60%FC, the plant heights of tomato and cucumber were enhanced under LVPD compared with those under HVPD. With 60%FC, relative leaf water contents under LVPD increased by 11% compared with those under HVPD. Furthermore, LVPD significantly improved the photosynthetic capacity of the two crops and changed their stress responses. Our results indicated that LVPD at different soil moisture levels reduced irrigation demand under greenhouse conditions. This approach can be applied in water management in greenhouse vegetable production in China and other regions of the world with temperate continental climates. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances of Vegetable Cultivation)
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Review

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16 pages, 639 KiB  
Review
A Systematic Review of the Potential of a Dynamic Hydrogel as a Substrate for Sustainable Agriculture
by Siti Sahmsiah Sahmat, Mohd Y. Rafii, Yusuff Oladosu, Mashitah Jusoh, Mansor Hakiman and Hasmah Mohidin
Horticulturae 2022, 8(11), 1026; https://doi.org/10.3390/horticulturae8111026 - 02 Nov 2022
Cited by 6 | Viewed by 2566
Abstract
Adopting environmentally friendly or green technology and incorporating new alternative substrates for a sustainable agricultural industry has garnered the attention of numerous researchers. Although super absorbent hydrogels have exhibited great potential, natural hydrogel-based absorbents have gained more interest due to their environmentally safe [...] Read more.
Adopting environmentally friendly or green technology and incorporating new alternative substrates for a sustainable agricultural industry has garnered the attention of numerous researchers. Although super absorbent hydrogels have exhibited great potential, natural hydrogel-based absorbents have gained more interest due to their environmentally safe properties. The sources for the novel green polymer are easily obtained from agricultural wastes, such as polysaccharides, agarose, chitosan, and mucilage, with zero to minimal cost. The polymer also offers several attributes, including water usage and cost efficiencies, versatile application, and increasing plant growth. Furthermore, the polymer can act as a carrier agent and aid in improving the properties of planting mediums. The present review focuses on natural and chemical hydrogel-based polymers. It discusses their potential application in sustainable agriculture and the conservation of ecosystems by providing balanced protection for seeds, plants, and soil. Future perspectives based on previous investigations are also presented. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances of Vegetable Cultivation)
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22 pages, 2705 KiB  
Review
Development Status and Perspectives of Crop Protection Machinery and Techniques for Vegetables
by Shilin Wang, Tao Xu and Xue Li
Horticulturae 2022, 8(2), 166; https://doi.org/10.3390/horticulturae8020166 - 16 Feb 2022
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 3723
Abstract
Diseases and pests are important factors in vegetable cultivation; they not only affect the growth and appearance of vegetables but also affect the yield and quality. The disease and pest control of vegetables is dominated by chemical sprays, for now. As a result, [...] Read more.
Diseases and pests are important factors in vegetable cultivation; they not only affect the growth and appearance of vegetables but also affect the yield and quality. The disease and pest control of vegetables is dominated by chemical sprays, for now. As a result, the excessive use of pesticides has been a crucial factor of pesticides’ non-point source pollution, and it is also the main cause of excessive pesticide residues in vegetables. Therefore, the design of efficient plant protection machinery and technology has become an urgent demand in order to ensure the quality and safety of vegetables. In this review, the machinery and technologies for vegetable protection are introduced from the aspects of chemical control and physical control. In the aspect of chemical control, handheld sprayers, self-propelled or track sprayers, fixed-pipe spray systems, vertical and horizontal boom sprayers, unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) and vegetable seed treatment techniques are introduced. In the aspect of physical control, soil physical disinfection, pest trapping technologies and ozone sterilizers are introduced. Finally, the existing problems and perspectives of pesticide application sprayers and physical control equipment for vegetables are summarized. This paper can provide references for vegetable growers and researchers. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances of Vegetable Cultivation)
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