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Healthcare
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Obesity, Dietary and Physical Activity
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Obesity, Dietary and Physical Activity

A special issue of Healthcare (ISSN 2227-9032).

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 December 2023) | Viewed by 3732

Special Issue Editor

Dr. Edyta Mądry

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Physiology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Fredry 10, 61-701 Poznan, Poland
Interests: chronic stress; obesity; physical activity; training programs; dietetic intervention; lifestyle intervention; metabolic health; work–life balance, stress-connected diseases; obesity-linked diseases
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Overweight and obesity have reached epidemic proportions in all age groups worldwide and are major risk factors for premature mortality and morbidity.

Changes in the diet, overeating, frequent snacking, and physical inactivity are the main reasons for energetic imbalance, where energy intake exceeds energy expenditure.

At the same time, diet, lifestyle, and physical activity are the crucial points for potential interventions which can inhibit the processes of gaining weight or even reverse the global trends of mortality.

We invite for publication randomized trials, systematic reviews, and meta-analyses with potentially the most significant impact on changing our medical reality.

Dr. Edyta Mądry
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Healthcare is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2700 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • obesity management
  • diet modification
  • fasting
  • physical activity types and programs
  • physical activity monitoring methods
  • lifestyle intervention
  • chronic diseases linked to obesity: atherosclerosis, dyslipidemias, cardiovascular diseases, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, diabetes, osteoarticular problems

Published Papers (2 papers)

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Research

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17 pages, 1060 KiB  
Article
The Impact of Exercise Training Intensity on Physiological Adaptations and Insulin Resistance in Women with Abdominal Obesity
by Nourhen Mezghani, Achraf Ammar, Omar Boukhris, Rihab Abid, Atyh Hadadi, Turki Mohsen Alzahrani, Omar Trabelsi, Mohamed Ali Boujelbane, Liwa Masmoudi, Ibrahim Ouergui, Kamel Jamoussi, Mouna Mnif, Hafedh Mejdoub, Piotr Zmijewski, Jordan M. Glenn, Khaled Trabelsi and Hamdi Chtourou
Healthcare 2022, 10(12), 2533; https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare10122533 - 14 Dec 2022
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 2099
Abstract
Abdominal obesity has emerged globally as a major public health issue due to its high prevalence and morbidity. The benefits of physical exercise among the obese population are well documented. However, the optimal exercise intensity for reducing body fat and preventing insulin resistance [...] Read more.
Abdominal obesity has emerged globally as a major public health issue due to its high prevalence and morbidity. The benefits of physical exercise among the obese population are well documented. However, the optimal exercise intensity for reducing body fat and preventing insulin resistance and metabolic disorders is still under debate. This study aimed to examine the effects of three different intensities of combined endurance and strength training programs on anthropometric variables, physiological and muscular adaptations, and insulin sensitivity. Forty-three obese young women (age 26.4 ± 4.7 years, BMI 33.1 ± 2.5 kg/m2) were randomly assigned to one of four groups: a control group (G0), a moderate-intensity training group (G50, exercising brisk walking at 50% heart rate reserve HRR), a high-intensity training group (G75, exercise jogging at 75% HRR), and an alternated-intensity training group (G50/75, exercise brisk-walking/jogging at 50–75% HRR) with additional strength training once a week for each group. Body composition, waist circumference (WC), fasting blood glucose, insulin sensitivity and resistance (Homa-IR), resting heart rate (RHR), 6-min walk distance (6MWD), 1-repetition maximum (1-RM), and time to exhaustion (TTE) at 45% and 75% maximal voluntary contraction (MVC) for both the flexor and extensor muscle groups of the knees, were recorded before and after three months of exercise training. All training groups showed significant decreases in body mass, BMI, total body fat, body fat percentage, WC, abdominal and visceral mass (p < 0.001), with a greater reduction of body mass and BMI in G75 (p < 0.05). Lean mass increased significantly only in G50/75 (p < 0.05). The insulin sensitivity and Homa-IR decreased in the three training groups (p < 0.01), with greater enhanced resistance in G50 compared to G75 and G50/75 (p < 0.05). In contrast, there were no pre-post changes in all groups for fasting blood glucose (p > 0.05). 1-RM and TTE of the knee flexor and extensor muscles were improved in the three groups (p < 0.01), with greater improvement in G50/75 for 1RM and G75 in most of the TTE parameters (p < 0.05). RHR decreased and 6MWD increased significantly in the three training groups (p < 0.01), with greater 6MWD improvement in G75 (p < 0.05). In conclusion, the three training intensities seem to generate benefits in terms of body composition, physiological and muscular adaptations, and insulin resistance. High training intensity resulted in greater improvements in body mass, BMI, and endurance and strength, whereas moderate training intensity resulted in greater improvements of insulin resistance and homo-IR. Following alternate-intensity training, greater improvements were observed in lean mass and maximal strength performance. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Obesity, Dietary and Physical Activity)
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17 pages, 2721 KiB  
Systematic Review
Anthropometric Parameters in Patients with Fatty Acid Oxidation Disorders: A Case–Control Study, Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
by Maria Wasiewicz-Gajdzis, Małgorzata Jamka, Jakub Geltz, Kamila Bokayeva, Łukasz Kałużny, Joanna Jagłowska and Jarosław Walkowiak
Healthcare 2022, 10(12), 2405; https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare10122405 - 30 Nov 2022
Viewed by 1085
Abstract
This study compared the anthropometric parameters of patients with fatty acid oxidation disorders (FAOD) and healthy controls, showing an increased prevalence of abnormal body weight (overweight and obesity) in the FAOD group. First, differences in BMI, BMI percentiles and z-scores, and weight and [...] Read more.
This study compared the anthropometric parameters of patients with fatty acid oxidation disorders (FAOD) and healthy controls, showing an increased prevalence of abnormal body weight (overweight and obesity) in the FAOD group. First, differences in BMI, BMI percentiles and z-scores, and weight and weight percentiles were compared in a cohort of 39 patients with FAOD and 156 healthy controls, as well as between patients born before and after the introduction of a populational newborn screening programme (NBS) in 2014 in Poland. We also performed a systematic literature review yielding 12 studies mentioning anthropometric parameters in 80 FAOD patients and 121 control subjects, followed by a meta-analysis of data from 8 studies and our cohort. There were significant differences in body weight percentiles (p = 0.001), BMI (p = 0.022), BMI percentiles (p = 0.003) and BMI z-scores (p = 0.001) between FAOD patients and controls in our cohort but not between pre- and post-newborn-screening patients. The meta-analysis did not show any differences in weight and BMI in all tested subgroups, i.e., all FAOD patients vs. controls, medium-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase (MCADD) patients vs. controls and patients with FAOD types other than MCAD vs. controls. These results, however, should be interpreted with caution due to the overall low quality of evidence as assessed by GRADE, the small sample sizes and the significant heterogeneity of the included data. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Obesity, Dietary and Physical Activity)
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