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Genetically Modified Organisms (GMO) Biosafety
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Genetically Modified Organisms (GMO) Biosafety

A special issue of Genes (ISSN 2073-4425). This special issue belongs to the section "Technologies and Resources for Genetics".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 10 July 2024 | Viewed by 2918

Special Issue Editors

Prof. Dr. Jinjie Cui

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang 455000, China
Interests: GMO biosafety; interactions between plants; pests and natural enemies
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Xueke Gao

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor Assistant
State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang 455000, China
Interests: plant protection; GMO safety; biological control

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Transgenic technology overcomes the limitations of sexual hybridization between organisms and expands gene flow among species. Since its invention, this technology has been widely applied in fields such as agriculture, forestry, and medicine, ushering in a new era of research and application. While genetically modified technology benefits humanity, it also poses a certain threat to human society and the ecological environment. The safety of genetically modified organisms (GMOs) is one of the most important issues worldwide. The Special Issue will accept papers on all aspects of the safety of the genetically modified organisms including plants and animals. Especially the application of some emerging technologies or omics in the safety of genetically modified organisms. The topics of interest include, but are not limited to, the presentation of the current status of GMO biosafety and the discussion of future challenges and goals. Colleagues are encouraged to submit manuscripts with original research in GMO biosafety.

Prof. Dr. Jinjie Cui
Guest Editor

Dr. Xueke Gao
Guest Editor Assistant

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Genes is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • genetically modified organisms
  • biosafety
  • risk assessment
  • safety evaluation
  • non-target effect
  • biodiversity

Published Papers (3 papers)

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Research

14 pages, 847 KiB  
Article
Propidium Monoazide-Treated, Cell-Direct, Quantitative PCR for Detecting Viable Chloramphenicol-Resistant Escherichia coli and Corynebacterium glutamicum Cells
by Yang Qin, Bo Qu and Bumkyu Lee
Genes 2023, 14(12), 2135; https://doi.org/10.3390/genes14122135 - 27 Nov 2023
Viewed by 883
Abstract
With the rapid development and commercialization of industrial genetically modified microorganisms (GMMs), public concerns regarding their potential effects are on the rise. It is imperative to promptly monitor the unintended release of viable GMMs into wastewater, the air, and the surrounding ecosystems to [...] Read more.
With the rapid development and commercialization of industrial genetically modified microorganisms (GMMs), public concerns regarding their potential effects are on the rise. It is imperative to promptly monitor the unintended release of viable GMMs into wastewater, the air, and the surrounding ecosystems to prevent the risk of horizontal gene transfer to native microorganisms. In this study, we have developed a method that combines propidium monoazide (PMA) with a dual-plex quantitative PCR (qPCR) approach based on TaqMan probes. This method targets the chloramphenicol-resistant gene (CmR) along with the endogenous genes D-1-deoxyxylulose 5-phosphate synthase (dxs) and chromosomal replication initiator protein (dnaA). It allows for the direct quantitative detection of viable genetically modified Escherichia coli and Corynebacterium glutamicum cells, eliminating the requirement for DNA isolation. The dual-plex qPCR targeting CmR/dxs and CmR/dnaA demonstrated excellent performance across various templates, including DNA, cultured cells, and PMA-treated cells. Repeatability and precision, defined as RSDr% and bias%, respectively, were calculated and found to fall within the acceptable limits specified by the European Network of GMO Laboratories (ENGL). Through PMA–qPCR assays, we determined the detection limits for viable chloramphenicol-resistant E. coli and C. glutamicum strains to be 20 and 51 cells, respectively, at a 95% confidence level. Notably, this method demonstrated superior sensitivity compared to Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA), which has a detection limit exceeding 1000 viable cells for both GM bacterial strains. This approach offers the potential to accurately and efficiently detect viable cells of GMMs, providing a time-saving and cost-effective solution. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Genetically Modified Organisms (GMO) Biosafety)
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12 pages, 4085 KiB  
Article
The Identification of the Banana Endogenous Reference Gene MaSPS1 and the Construction of Qualitative and Quantitative PCR Detection Methods
by Lili Zhu, Ying Lin, Wenli Yang, Zhiwen Pan, Weiting Chen, Juan Yao, Ou Sheng, Lingyan Zhou and Dagang Jiang
Genes 2023, 14(12), 2116; https://doi.org/10.3390/genes14122116 - 23 Nov 2023
Viewed by 726
Abstract
Endogenous reference genes play a crucial role in the qualitative and quantitative PCR detection of genetically modified crops. Currently, there are no systematic studies on the banana endogenous reference gene. In this study, the MaSPS1 gene was identified as a candidate gene through [...] Read more.
Endogenous reference genes play a crucial role in the qualitative and quantitative PCR detection of genetically modified crops. Currently, there are no systematic studies on the banana endogenous reference gene. In this study, the MaSPS1 gene was identified as a candidate gene through bioinformatics analysis. The conservation of this gene in different genotypes of banana was tested using PCR, and its specificity in various crops and fruits was also examined. Southern blot analysis showed that there is only one copy of MaSPS1 in banana. The limit of detection (LOD) test showed that the LOD of the conventional PCR method is approximately 20 copies. The real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR (qPCR) method also exhibited high specificity, with a LOD of approximately 10 copies. The standard curve of the qPCR method met the quantitative requirements, with a limit of quantification (LOQ) of 1.14 × 10−2 ng—about 20 copies. Also, the qPCR method demonstrated good repeatability and stability. Hence, the above results indicate that the detection method established in this study has strong specificity, a low detection limit, and good stability. It provides a reliable qualitative and quantitative detection system for banana. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Genetically Modified Organisms (GMO) Biosafety)
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15 pages, 3672 KiB  
Article
Response of the Propylea japonica Microbiota to Treatment with Cry1B Protein
by Fengchao Diao, Yarong Li, Xueke Gao, Junyu Luo, Xiangzhen Zhu, Li Wang, Kaixin Zhang, Dongyang Li, Jichao Ji and Jinjie Cui
Genes 2023, 14(11), 2008; https://doi.org/10.3390/genes14112008 - 27 Oct 2023
Viewed by 816
Abstract
Propylea japonica (Thunberg) (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) is a dominant natural enemy of insect pests in farmland ecosystems. It also serves as an important non-target insect for environmental safety evaluations of transgenic crops. Widespread planting of transgenic crops may result in direct or indirect exposure [...] Read more.
Propylea japonica (Thunberg) (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) is a dominant natural enemy of insect pests in farmland ecosystems. It also serves as an important non-target insect for environmental safety evaluations of transgenic crops. Widespread planting of transgenic crops may result in direct or indirect exposure of P. japonica to recombinant Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) protein, which may in turn affect the biological performance of this natural enemy by affecting the P. japonica microflora. However, the effects of Bt proteins (such as Cry1B) on the P. japonica microbiota are currently unclear. Here, we used a high-throughput sequencing method to investigate differences in the P. japonica microbiota resulting from treatment with Cry1B compared to a sucrose control. The results demonstrated that the P. japonica microbiome was dominated by Firmicutes at the phylum level and by Staphylococcus at the genus level. Within-sample (α) diversity indices demonstrated a high degree of consistency between the microbial communities of P. japonica treated with the sucrose control and those treated with 0.25 or 0.5 mg/mL Cry1B. Furthermore, there were no significant differences in the abundance of any taxa after treatment with 0.25 mg/mL Cry1B for 24 or 48 h, and treatment with 0.5 mg/mL Cry1B for 24 or 48 h led to changes only in Staphylococcus, a member of the phylum Firmicutes. Treatment with a high Cry1B concentration (1.0 mg/mL) for 24 or 48 h caused significant changes in the abundance of specific taxa (e.g., Gemmatimonades, Patescibacteria, Thauera, and Microbacterium). However, compared with the control, most taxa remained unchanged. The statistically significant differences may have been due to the stimulatory effects of treatment with a high concentration of Cry1B. Overall, the results showed that Cry1B protein could alter endophytic bacterial community abundance, but not composition, in P. japonica. The effects of Bt proteins on endophytes and other parameters in non-target insects require further study. This study provides data support for the safety evaluation of transgenic plants. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Genetically Modified Organisms (GMO) Biosafety)
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