Genotoxicity: Damage to DNA and Its Consequences

A special issue of Genes (ISSN 2073-4425). This special issue belongs to the section "Molecular Genetics and Genomics".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (25 May 2023) | Viewed by 2180

Special Issue Editor


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Guest Editor
Department of Zoology, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
Interests: DNA damage; cytogenetics; chemoprevention; human population genetics; PPCPs; molecular entomology

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Genetic toxicology is a subspecialty of general toxicology that addresses the problems of toxicity to the DNA in cells. This toxicity results either from accidents during the normal chemical transactions of DNA, often during replication, or exposure to high-energy electromagnetic or particle radiation, or highly reactive chemicals in the environment. The need to evaluate the genotoxic potentials of xenobiotics has been necessitated by the fact that, each year, new chemical substances are being introduced into our environment and, in most cases, the consequences of human exposure to them are unknown. These agents can provoke genetic changes which may affect not only the present but also the future generation. Several studies have shown the possible pathways and mechanisms of induction of DNA damage. There are reports on individual substances’ or mixtures’ interactions with DNA. Likewise, biochemical and molecular mechanisms of genotoxicity have been extensively reported in the literature. In recent years, some medicinal plants have been shown to have both genotoxic and anti-genotoxic properties. DNA damage has dramatic short- and long-term consequences on the organism in which it occurs. As much as genomic changes have beneficial effects, they have also been implicated in the etiology of certain genetic disorders and cancer.

In this Special Issue, we are soliciting articles on genomic instability and the associated effects. Areas to be covered may include, but are not limited to, the following:

  • Emerging contaminants and genetic change;
  • Biochemical mechanism of genotoxicity;
  • Genetic safety evaluation of herbal extracts;
  • Molecular mechanism of genotoxicity;
  • Genomic instability and carcinogenesis;
  • DNA damage and cancer;
  • Human health effects of genetic change;
  • Endocrine disruptors and the DNA;
  • Current approach in genotoxicity testing;
  • Genotoxicity and epigenetics;
  • Alternatives to laboratory animals in genotoxicity testing;
  • DNA damage and repair;
  • Genomic instability and gene expression analysis.

Prof. Dr. Adekunle Bakare
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

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Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Genes is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

 

Keywords

  • mutagens

  • carcinogens
  • environmental DNA damage
  • genetic diseases mechanisms of genotoxicity
  • genoprotective substances
  • gene expression
  • public health effect
  • toxicogenomics

Published Papers (1 paper)

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Research

20 pages, 2869 KiB  
Article
Skin Immuno-CometChip in 3D vs. 2D Cultures to Screen Topical Toxins and Skin-Specific Cytochrome Inducers
by Dean S. Rosenthal, Li-Wei Kuo, Sarah L. Seagrave, Vikas Soni, Nusrat Islam, Geetanjali Minsky, Lucia Dussan-Cuellar, Brian Ell, Cynthia M. Simbulan-Rosenthal and Peter Sykora
Genes 2023, 14(3), 630; https://doi.org/10.3390/genes14030630 - 2 Mar 2023
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1675
Abstract
The targets of topical genotoxic agents are basal and stem cells of the skin. These cells may misrepair DNA lesions, resulting in deleterious mutations of tumor suppressors or oncogenes. However, the genotoxicity of many compounds has not as yet been determined and needs [...] Read more.
The targets of topical genotoxic agents are basal and stem cells of the skin. These cells may misrepair DNA lesions, resulting in deleterious mutations of tumor suppressors or oncogenes. However, the genotoxicity of many compounds has not as yet been determined and needs to be tested using a relevant skin model. To this end, we designed a new high-throughput assay for the detection of agents that create DNA damage in epidermal stem and basal cells and used it to test known DNA-damaging agents. We utilized either 2D epidermal cells or 3D skin equivalents and topically exposed them to different compounds. The Skin Immuno-CometChip assay uses arrays of microwells formed in a collagen/agarose mixture to capture single basal cells in each microwell by virtue of collagen binding to α2β1 integrin, which is present only on basal and stem cells. The presence of β1 integrin was verified by immunofluorescent labeling cells that were then subjected to an electrical field, allowing for the migration of nicked DNA out of the nucleoid in alkali, with the resulting DNA comets stained and imaged. Furthermore, using improved comet detection software allowed for the automated and rapid quantification of DNA damage. Our study indicates that we can accurately predict genotoxicity by using 3D skin cultures, as well as keratinocytes grown in 2D monolayers. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Genotoxicity: Damage to DNA and Its Consequences)
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