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Fishes
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Fish Nutrition and Feed Technology II
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Fish Nutrition and Feed Technology II

A special issue of Fishes (ISSN 2410-3888). This special issue belongs to the section "Nutrition and Feeding".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (20 December 2023) | Viewed by 6414

Special Issue Editor

Prof. Dr. Marina Paolucci

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Sciences and Technologies, University of Sannio, 82100 Benevento, Italy
Interests: animal nutrition; feed manufacturing; animal product shelf-life; bioactive molecules; biopolymers
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The human population continues to grow, and many people around the world consider fish a key part of their diet. According to the Food and Agriculture Organization, fish account for nearly 17% of the world's protein intake, while in some coastal and island countries it is up to 70%. Aquaculture is the fastest growing food production sector in the world, and currently the main source of fish supply. This being the case, sustainably farmed fish can be a great way to help feed the human population. However, large-scale aquaculture can have significant environmental consequences. In fact, wild fish are needed, so-called fish meal, to feed certain farmed fish. The reduction in wild aquatic stocks used in the production of fish meal has prompted research into new products, such as alternative sources that can be used to feed farmed aquatic species. Some alternative feed ingredients include soy- and corn-based feed. However, these ingredients have also been criticized for being unsustainable and causing damage to the gastrointestinal tract of fish. There are other alternatives to feed ingredients that come from more sustainable sources, such as yeast, fungi, insects, and algae. We will hopefully have an ever-growing list of high-quality, sustainably produced alternative ingredients.

This second edition of the SI on fish nutrition and feed technology aims to improve our understanding of fish nutritional requirements in an era of new feed sources. Reviews and mini-reviews, original research, and short communications that include nutrition studies on all aquatic organisms as well as alternative feed resources technology are welcome.

The topics included, even if not exhaustive, are the following:

  • Metabolism, gene expression, and mechanisms of action of nutrients in aquatic species;
  • Evaluation of alternative ingredients for the elaboration of practical diets for farmed species;
  • Evaluation of functional supplements to improve the nutritional values and health statuses of farmed species;
  • Technologies for aquafeed production systems;
  • Evaluation of new feed production technologies;
  • Alternative feed ingredients and quality of the final products.

Prof. Dr. Marina Paolucci
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Fishes is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • fish nutrition
  • fish feed
  • altenative feed
  • feed technology
  • functional feed

Published Papers (4 papers)

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Research

14 pages, 828 KiB  
Article
Administration of Red Macroalgae (Galaxaura oblongata) in the Diet of the Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) Improved Immunity and Hepatic Gene Expression
by Metin Yazici, Fatemeh Zavvar, Seyed Hossein Hoseinifar, Shiva Nedaei and Hien Van Doan
Fishes 2024, 9(2), 48; https://doi.org/10.3390/fishes9020048 - 26 Jan 2024
Viewed by 1411
Abstract
This study is designed to evaluate the effects of dietary red macroalgae (Galaxaura oblongata) on growth performance, serum, and skin mucus immunological and antioxidant responses in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). For this, rainbow trout were fed diets containing different [...] Read more.
This study is designed to evaluate the effects of dietary red macroalgae (Galaxaura oblongata) on growth performance, serum, and skin mucus immunological and antioxidant responses in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). For this, rainbow trout were fed diets containing different levels of G. oblongata (0 (ctrl), 0.5 (G1), and 1 (G2) %) for 8 weeks. Following the feeding trial, there were no significant differences in growth performance between the experimental treatments (p > 0.05). Total immunoglobulin (Ig) content and lysozyme (LYZ) activity in serum were increased in fish fed G. oblongata (p < 0.05), with the highest value at (0.5%). Regardless of the inclusion level, mucus total Ig levels were significantly increased in the G. oblongata groups (p < 0.05), and mucus LYZ activity was not changed (p > 0.05). All groups fed G. oblongata showed higher serum catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activities than the control group (p < 0.05). However, skin mucus SOD activity increased more in the group fed 1% of G. oblongata than the other groups (p < 0.05). Additionally, the skin mucus GPx activity showed higher values in the group fed 0.5 and 1% G. oblongata than in the control (p < 0.05). No significant differences were recognized between the experimental treatments in terms of CAT activity and malondialdehyde (MDA) concentration (p > 0.05). G. oblongata up-regulated gpx gene expression with the maximum value at the group fed 1% G. oblongata (p < 0.05). Additionally, interleukin 6 (il-6) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (tnf-α) gene expressions were significantly up-regulated in fish fed 1% compared with the control and 0.5% groups. Based on the results, 0.5–1% G. oblongata can be used in the fish diet and enhance immunity without causing impairment in growth. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Fish Nutrition and Feed Technology II)
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16 pages, 1034 KiB  
Article
The Impact of Marine Resource-Free Diets on Quality Attributes of Atlantic Salmon
by Ewen McLean, Kelly B. Campbell, David D. Kuhn, Michael F. Tlusty and Frederick T. Barrows
Fishes 2024, 9(1), 37; https://doi.org/10.3390/fishes9010037 - 17 Jan 2024
Viewed by 1451
Abstract
The influence of feeding Atlantic salmon for 90 days on diets that excluded fishmeal (FM) and fish oil (FO) was examined for influence on various quality traits. In addition, the effect of adding krill meal (KM; 0%, 2.5%, and 5%), as a putative [...] Read more.
The influence of feeding Atlantic salmon for 90 days on diets that excluded fishmeal (FM) and fish oil (FO) was examined for influence on various quality traits. In addition, the effect of adding krill meal (KM; 0%, 2.5%, and 5%), as a putative feed palatant was also examined. Total replacement of FM/FO had a limited effect on production characteristics, affecting percentage yields of headed and gutted control fish and their standard length (p < 0.05). Variances between dietary groups were observed for pigmentation, and plant protein-based KM-free-fed fish returned deeper hues across their belly, NQC (Norwegian Quality Cut), and back portions (p < 0.03). No differences were measured for relative fin condition. δ13C and δ15N concentrations were lower and higher, respectively (p < 0.05) for fish fed the FM/FO-based diet. δ13C:δ15N likewise differed between treatments with FM/FO-fed salmon expressing higher ratios. Fillet mechanical characteristics varied with fish fed on animal protein-based diets, without KM expressing higher springiness and resilience (p < 0.05). Fish fed plant-based diets were generally preferred by younger taste testers. The results from this trial illustrate that FM/FO can be completely removed from salmon diets without problematic effects on quality and palatability attributes. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Fish Nutrition and Feed Technology II)
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12 pages, 881 KiB  
Article
The Effects of Grapevine (Vitis vinifera L.) Leaf Extract on Growth Performance, Antioxidant Status, and Immunity of Zebrafish (Danio rerio)
by Seyed Hossein Hoseinifar, Zohreh Fazelan, Ehab El-Haroun, Morteza Yousefi, Metin Yazici, Hien Van Doan and Marina Paolucci
Fishes 2023, 8(6), 326; https://doi.org/10.3390/fishes8060326 - 19 Jun 2023
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1573
Abstract
An 8-week feeding trial was carried out to evaluate the effects of grapevine (Vitis vinifera) leaf extract (GLE) on the growth, oxidative enzymatic activities, immunity, and expression of antioxidant genes in zebrafish (Danio rerio). Three hundred and sixty zebrafish [...] Read more.
An 8-week feeding trial was carried out to evaluate the effects of grapevine (Vitis vinifera) leaf extract (GLE) on the growth, oxidative enzymatic activities, immunity, and expression of antioxidant genes in zebrafish (Danio rerio). Three hundred and sixty zebrafish were supplied and fed with different levels of GLE: 0, 0.5, 1, and 2 g kg−1. The dietary administration of 1 g kg−1 of GLE significantly increased growth parameters in fish. Fish fed diets with GLE showed increased total protein. The total Ig and lysozyme activity significantly changed in the whole-body serum, but not in skin mucus. GLE significantly increased Catalase (CAT), Superoxide Dismutase (SOD), and Glutathione Peroxidase (GPx) activities compared to the control diet. GLE treatments caused a significant decrease in the malondialdehyde (MDA) content. In the skin mucus, only CAT and SOD activities significantly increased. The highest expression of Toll-like receptor-1 (TLR-1) and Tumor Necrosis Factor-α (TNFα) genes was achieved in fish fed 2 g kg−1 of GLE. CAT and SOD gene expressions were significantly higher in fish fed 1 and 2 g kg−1 of GLE. GPx gene expression was significantly higher in fish fed 1 g kg−1 of GLE. In conclusion, the results of the present study revealed that GLE affects growth performance and regulates antioxidant and immune gene expression. The determination of the optimum dosage merits further research. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Fish Nutrition and Feed Technology II)
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17 pages, 1382 KiB  
Article
Benefits of Polyphenol-Based Synbiotics in Crustacean Diet
by Daniela Sateriale, Serena Facchiano, Katrin Kaldre, Giuseppina Forgione, Giuseppa Anna De Cristofaro, Caterina Pagliarulo and Marina Paolucci
Fishes 2023, 8(5), 255; https://doi.org/10.3390/fishes8050255 - 10 May 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1464
Abstract
Here, the olive leaf extract (OLE) rich in polyphenols was employed as a prebiotic agent, together with Lactobacillus reuteri and Bacillus clausii, to develop synbiotics. The prebiotic effect of olive leaf extract on the probiotic strains was tested at concentrations of 0, [...] Read more.
Here, the olive leaf extract (OLE) rich in polyphenols was employed as a prebiotic agent, together with Lactobacillus reuteri and Bacillus clausii, to develop synbiotics. The prebiotic effect of olive leaf extract on the probiotic strains was tested at concentrations of 0, 50, 100, 400, and 1000 μg mL−1, and also 20 and 40 mg mL−1. Olive leaf extract at 40 mg mL−1 showed the best prebiotic activity on L. reuteri and B. clausii. A basal diet and two experimental synbiotic-containing diets were prepared. The synbiotic diets were manufactured by adding to the basal diet 5 × 106 CFU g−1 L. reuteri + 5 × 106 CFU g−1 B. clausii + 0.25 mg g−1 OLE and 1 × 107 CFU g−1 L. reuteri + 1 × 107 CFU g−1 B. clausii + 0.25 mg g−1 OLE. The diets were administered to the freshwater crayfish Astacus astacus (1.35 ± 0.04 g) in an 84-day feeding trial. The diet containing 5 × 106 CFU g−1 L. reuteri + 5 × 106 CFU g−1 B. clausii + 0.25 mg g−1 OLE significantly improved (p < 0.05) final weight, specific growth rate, body condition, and survival rate. A significant growth of Enterobacteriaceae, which include strains with proven beneficial activities for intestinal health and general animal welfare, significantly increased in crayfish fed with synbiotics. The obtained results could be suitable for functional feed development in crayfish farming. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Fish Nutrition and Feed Technology II)
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