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Fire
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Fire and Combustion in Microgravity
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Fire and Combustion in Microgravity

A special issue of Fire (ISSN 2571-6255).

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 January 2024) | Viewed by 3322

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Jun Fang

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
State Key Laboratory of Fire Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
Interests: fire dynamics and control technology in special environments
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Qiang Wang

E-Mail Website1 Website2
Guest Editor
School of Automobile and Transportation Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China
Interests: jet flame; flame instability; flame spread over solid fuel; blow out; lift off
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Feng Zhu

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Key Laboratory of Microgravity, Institute of Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
Interests: combustion of solid materials; spacecraft fire safety
Dr. Feng Guo

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Division of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-8628, Japan
Interests: combustion; fire safety; material flammability; flame spread; fire modeling; reduced gravity

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Combustion, flame and smoke characteristics under micro-gravity conditions have attracted an extensive and worldwide research interest. In manned aircraft, such as space stations, under micro-gravity conditions, i.e., the disappearance of normal gravity, combustion behavior, flame structure, smoke particle morphology and size distribution behave differently to how they would under terrestrial conditions. Fire is prone to occur in microgravity, and fire suppression resources are scarce in the aircraft. This poses a huge threat to life safety; therefore, the systematic research of fire behaviors, fire detection and suppression is necessary. Furthermore, the research of combustion dynamics, such as cool flames, droplet combustion, coal combustion, and so on, in a microgravity environment, will promote the deeper understanding of combustion principles and the development of advanced technology on Earth. Over the last several decades, although NASA and other research institutes across the world have carried out numerous studies and achieved fruitful results, the inherently complicated combustion physics and ever-changing interdisciplinary technology necessitate greater efforts toward the fundamental research of fire and new fire prevention methods.

In this Special Issue, we seek articles that address experimental, numerical and theoretical fire and combustion dynamics in microgravity, as well as fire detection and suppression methods. Especially, innovative research, including new experimental facilities and findings, advanced fire prevention and protection technology is very much welcome.

Dr. Jun Fang
Dr. Qiang Wang
Dr. Feng Zhu
Dr. Feng Guo
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Fire is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2400 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • microgravity
  • jet flame
  • flame spread
  • liquid fire
  • solid fire
  • fire detection
  • fire suppression

Published Papers (2 papers)

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Research

21 pages, 7517 KiB  
Article
Spherical Diffusion Flames of Ethylene in Microgravity: Multidimensional Effects
by Sergey M. Frolov, Vladislav S. Ivanov, Fedor S. Frolov and Ilya V. Semenov
Fire 2023, 6(8), 285; https://doi.org/10.3390/fire6080285 - 27 Jul 2023
Viewed by 920
Abstract
The joint American–Russian Space Experiment Flame Design (Adamant) was implemented on the International Space Station (ISS) in the period from 2019 to 2022. The objectives of the experiment were to study the radiative extinction of spherical diffusion flames (SDF) around a porous burner [...] Read more.
The joint American–Russian Space Experiment Flame Design (Adamant) was implemented on the International Space Station (ISS) in the period from 2019 to 2022. The objectives of the experiment were to study the radiative extinction of spherical diffusion flames (SDF) around a porous burner (PB) under microgravity conditions, as well as the mechanisms of control of soot formation in the SDF. The objects of the study were the normal and inverse SDFs of gaseous ethylene in an oxygen atmosphere with nitrogen dilution at room temperature and pressures ranging from 0.5 to 2 atm. The paper presents the results of transient 1D and 2D calculations of 24 normal and 13 inverse SDFs with and without radiative extinction. The 1D calculations revealed some generalities in the evolution of SDFs with different values of the stoichiometric mixture fraction. The unambiguous dependences of the ratio of flame radius to fluid mass flow rate through the PB on the stoichiometric mixture fraction were shown to exist for normal and inverse SDFs. These dependences allowed important conclusions to be made on the comparative flame growth rates, flame lifetime, and flame radius at extinction for normal and inverse SDFs. The 2D calculations were performed for a better understanding of the various observed non-1D effects like flame asymmetry with respect to the center of the PB, flame quenching near the gas supply tube, asymmetrical flame luminosity, etc. The local mass flow rate of fluid through the PB was shown to be nonuniform with the maximum flow rate attained in the PB hemisphere with the attached fluid supply tube, which could be a reason for the flame asymmetry observed in the space experiment. The evolution of 2D ethylene SDFs at zero gravity was shown to be oscillatory with slow alterations in flame shape and temperature caused by the incepience of torroidal vortices in the surrounding gas. Introduction of the directional microgravity, on the level of 0.01g, led to the complete suppression of flame oscillations. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Fire and Combustion in Microgravity)
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19 pages, 12659 KiB  
Article
Simulation of Low-Temperature Oxidation and Combustion of N-Dodecane Droplets under Microgravity Conditions
by Sergey M. Frolov and Valentin Y. Basevich
Fire 2023, 6(2), 70; https://doi.org/10.3390/fire6020070 - 15 Feb 2023
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1396
Abstract
Fires are considered among the most dangerous accidents on manned spacecraft. That is why several programs of combustion experiments were implemented at the International Space Station (ISS) since 2008. In the experiments with n-heptane and n-dodecane droplet combustion, a new phenomenon was discovered, [...] Read more.
Fires are considered among the most dangerous accidents on manned spacecraft. That is why several programs of combustion experiments were implemented at the International Space Station (ISS) since 2008. In the experiments with n-heptane and n-dodecane droplet combustion, a new phenomenon was discovered, namely, the phenomenon of the radiative extinction of a burning droplet with subsequent multiple flashes of flame. In this paper, n-dodecane droplet ignition, combustion, radiative extinction, and subsequent low-temperature oxidation with multiple flashes of cool, blue, and hot flames under microgravity conditions are studied computationally. The mathematical model takes into account multiple elementary chemical reactions in the vicinity of a droplet in combination with heat and mass transfer in liquid and gas, heat release, convection, soot formation, and heat removal by radiation. The model is based on the non-stationary one-dimensional differential equations of the conservation of mass and energy in liquid and gas phases with variable thermophysical properties within the multicomponent diffusion concept in the gas phase. Calculations confirm the important role of the soot shell formed around the droplet and low-temperature reactions in the phenomenon of droplet radiative extinction with multiple flame flashes in the space experiment at the ISS. Calculations reveal the decisive role of the blue flame, arising due to the decomposition of hydrogen peroxide, in the multiple flame flashes. Calculations with forced ignition of the droplet reveal the effect of the ignition procedure on droplet evolution in terms of the timing and the number of cool, blue, and hot flame flashes, as well as in terms of the combustion rate constant of the droplet. Calculations with droplet self-ignition reveal the possible existence of new modes of low-temperature oxidation of droplets with the main reaction zone located very close to the droplet surface and with only partial conversion of fuel vapor in it. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Fire and Combustion in Microgravity)
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