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Fire/Explosion Risk Assessment and Loss Prevention of Hazardous Materials, Mines...
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Fire/Explosion Risk Assessment and Loss Prevention of Hazardous Materials, Mines and Natural Gas

A special issue of Fire (ISSN 2571-6255).

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 31 October 2024 | Viewed by 7206

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Chuyuan Huang

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
School of Safety Science and Emergency Management, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China
Interests: industrial safety and emergency response; fire/explosion prevention of hazardous materials; fire/explosion risk assessment
Dr. Haipeng Jiang

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Chemical Machinery and Safety Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
Interests: process safety; dust explosions; explosion prevention; inherent safety
Dr. Lijuan Liu

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
School of Safety Science and Emergency Management, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China
Interests: fire/explosion safety; gas hydrogen and liquid hydrogen safety; CFD simulation of fire/explosion

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

With the continuous and rapid development of industrialization, the safety risks of traditional high-risk industries, such as hazardous materials and mines, are constantly increasing. The environment of natural gas utilization is complex, with multiple pipelines and connection points, aging pipelines, and the potential risk of fire and explosion events have increased significantly. In recent years, gas leakage and the long-term consequences of fires and secondary explosion incidents have caused a large number of casualties and property loss. The multi-factor coupling of explosion incidents with hazardous materials, natural gas, and in mines, makes the monitoring, early warning, and introduction of safety precautions more difficult.

For the prevention and control of hazardous materials, natural gas, and the environment of mines, there is an urgent need to promote research in theories or technologies related to fire/explosion risk monitoring, early warning systems to anticipate disasters, and real-time decision-making. In particular, intelligent and information technology not only enhances safety management, but also improves the accuracy of fire/explosion risk prediction, intelligent early warning systems, and safety protocols. This Special Issue aims to contribute to the knowledge and understanding in signal monitoring in relation to hazardous materials, natural gas, and mines; pattern recognition of disaster-causing factors; real-time status perception; accurate determination of fire/explosion hazards; theoretical risk early warning; and technical safety protection.

In this Special Issue, original research articles and reviews are welcome. Research areas may include (but are not limited to) the following:

  • Theories and catastrophes caused by explosions in the fields of hazardous materials, natural gas, and mines;
  • Risk assessment of explosion accidents in hazardous materials, gas fields and mines;
  • Gas pipeline leakage detection, location, and early warning technology;
  • Hazardous materials, mines, gas explosion risk monitoring, and early warning theories and technology;
  • Theory and technology of hazardous materials and gas explosion accident prevention and emergency response;
  • Safety protection technology for hazardous materials, mines, and gas explosions.

We look forward to receiving your contributions.

Dr. Chuyuan Huang
Dr. Haipeng Jiang
Dr. Lijuan Liu
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Fire is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2400 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • hazardous chemicals, mine, gas
  • fire and explosion
  • risk assessment
  • monitoring and early warning
  • safety precautions

Published Papers (6 papers)

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Research

15 pages, 6547 KiB  
Article
Investigating the Influence of Flue Gas Induced by Coal Spontaneous Combustion on Methane Explosion Risk
by Sijia Hu, Yanjun Li, Chuanjie Zhu, Baiquan Lin, Qingzhao Li, Baolin Li and Zichao Huang
Fire 2024, 7(4), 105; https://doi.org/10.3390/fire7040105 - 22 Mar 2024
Viewed by 651
Abstract
During the process of coal spontaneous combustion (CSC), a plethora of combustible gases alongside inert gases, such as CO2, are copiously generated. However, prior investigations have regrettably overlooked the pivotal influence of inert gas production on the propensity for methane explosions [...] Read more.
During the process of coal spontaneous combustion (CSC), a plethora of combustible gases alongside inert gases, such as CO2, are copiously generated. However, prior investigations have regrettably overlooked the pivotal influence of inert gas production on the propensity for methane explosions during CSC. To investigate the impact of the flue gas environment generated by CSC, containing both combustible and inert gases, on the risk of methane explosion, a high-temperature programmed heating test system for CSC was employed to analyze the generation pattern of flue gas. It was found that CO, CO2, and CH4 were continuously generated in large quantities during the process of CSC, which are the main components of CSC flue gas. The effect of the concentration and component ratio (CCO2/CCO) of the flue gas on the methane explosion limit was tested. It was found that the CSC flue gas led to a decrease in the methane explosion limit, and that the explosion limit range was facilitated at 0 < CCO2/CCO < 0.543 and suppressed at CCO2/CCO > 0.543. As the temperature of CSC increases, the risk of methane explosion is initially suppressed. When the coal temperature exceeds 330~410 °C, the explosion risk rapidly expands. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Fire/Explosion Risk Assessment and Loss Prevention of Hazardous Materials, Mines and Natural Gas)
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14 pages, 2853 KiB  
Article
Experimental Estimation of Turbulent Flame Velocity in Gasoline Vapor Explosion in Multi-Branch Pipes
by Keyu Lin, Peili Zhang, Jimao Duan, Shuo Xiang, Ting’ao Shen and Chaoshan Yang
Fire 2024, 7(2), 37; https://doi.org/10.3390/fire7020037 - 25 Jan 2024
Viewed by 1180
Abstract
The overpressure characteristics of gasoline explosions in multi-branch pipes are caused by various factors, with flame velocity as a particularly significant determinant. Overlooking the impact of turbulent flow in the branch pipes can induce a significant discrepancy in the outcome when using laminar [...] Read more.
The overpressure characteristics of gasoline explosions in multi-branch pipes are caused by various factors, with flame velocity as a particularly significant determinant. Overlooking the impact of turbulent flow in the branch pipes can induce a significant discrepancy in the outcome when using laminar flame velocity to determine the maximum rate of overpressure rise. To quantify the impact of turbulent flame velocity on the rate of overpressure rise in the gasoline explosions within branch pipes, the laminar flame velocity was replaced with its turbulent counterpart. Additionally, modifications to the formula for calculating the maximum overpressure rise rate were implemented. Then, experimental data of peak explosion overpressure and overpressure rise rate under different numbers of branches were obtained. Finally, the empirical data were inputted into the modified formula to determine the maximum rate of overpressure rise, thus enabling the calculation of the turbulent flame velocity across varying numbers of branches. The findings reveal a positive correlation between the number of branches and the turbulent flame velocity during tube explosions. When the number of branch pipes increased from 0 to 4, the turbulent flame velocity was found to range from 8.29 to 13.39 m/s. The increase in the number of branches did not consistently enhance the turbulent flame velocity. As the number of branches increased from zero to three, the turbulent flame velocity rose accordingly. Differently, as the number of branches exceeds three, the turbulent flame velocity exhibits fluctuations and peaks at a level approximately 1.8 times higher. The research method of this paper can provide a reference for estimating the turbulent flame velocity in the combustion process of flammable gas explosions in multi-branch tunnels. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Fire/Explosion Risk Assessment and Loss Prevention of Hazardous Materials, Mines and Natural Gas)
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22 pages, 5401 KiB  
Article
Explosive Characteristics Analysis of Gasoline–Air Mixtures within Horizontal Oil Tanks
by Xinsheng Jiang, Dongliang Zhou, Peili Zhang, Yunxiong Cai, Ri Chen, Donghai He, Xizhuo Qin, Keyu Lin and Sai Wang
Fire 2024, 7(1), 24; https://doi.org/10.3390/fire7010024 - 11 Jan 2024
Viewed by 1460
Abstract
Horizontal oil tanks, like other oil storage containers, carry the risk of explosion when gasoline–air mixtures are ignited. With the widespread application of horizontal oil tanks in the petrochemical industry, attention to safety risks is increasing. However, currently, a limited amount of experimental [...] Read more.
Horizontal oil tanks, like other oil storage containers, carry the risk of explosion when gasoline–air mixtures are ignited. With the widespread application of horizontal oil tanks in the petrochemical industry, attention to safety risks is increasing. However, currently, a limited amount of experimental research on such tanks exists. To explore the characteristics of gasoline–air mixtures combustion within the confined space of horizontal oil tanks, this study constructed a medium-scale simulated horizontal oil tank (L/D = 3, V = 1.0 m3) platform. By investigating the effects of different initial gasoline–air mixture volume fractions and ignition positions on explosion overpressure characteristic parameters, an analysis of the combustion characteristics was conducted. It was found that the most dangerous gasoline–air mixture volume fraction is 1.9% when ignited at the top position and 2.1% at the middle. It was also observed that the ignition position has a significant impact on the variation in explosion overpressure characteristic parameters, with ignition at the middle position resulting having a greater explosive force compared to ignition at the top position. Furthermore, using ignition at the middle position as an example, a study was conducted on the flame morphology characteristics at initial gasoline–air mixture volume fractions of 1.1%, 1.9%, and 2.7%. The conclusions from this research deepen our understanding of the explosion characteristics of different containers, providing theoretical insights for the safe storage and transportation of oil materials in horizontal oil tanks. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Fire/Explosion Risk Assessment and Loss Prevention of Hazardous Materials, Mines and Natural Gas)
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15 pages, 6167 KiB  
Article
Experimental Study on the Isolation Effect of an Active Flame-Proof Device on a Gas Explosion in an Underground Coal Mine
by Zichao Huang, Rongjun Si, Guangcai Wen, Songling Jin and Shaoqian Xue
Fire 2023, 6(12), 468; https://doi.org/10.3390/fire6120468 - 13 Dec 2023
Viewed by 1238
Abstract
Passive explosion-isolation facilities in underground coal mines, such as explosion-proof water troughs and bags, face challenges aligned with current trends in intelligent and unmanned technologies, due to restricted applicability and structural features. Grounded in the propagation laws and disaster mechanisms of gas explosions, [...] Read more.
Passive explosion-isolation facilities in underground coal mines, such as explosion-proof water troughs and bags, face challenges aligned with current trends in intelligent and unmanned technologies, due to restricted applicability and structural features. Grounded in the propagation laws and disaster mechanisms of gas explosions, the device in this paper enables accurate identification of explosion flames and pressure information. Utilizing a high-speed processor for rapid logical processing enables judgments within 1 ms. Graded activation of the operating mechanism is enabled by the device. The tunnel flame-proof device’s flame-extinguishing agent has a continuous action time of 6075 ms. Experiments on the active flame-proof effect of a 100 m3 gas explosion were conducted using a cross-sectional 7.2 m2 large-tunnel test system. With a dosage of 5.6 kg/m2, the powder flame-extinguishing agent completely extinguished the explosion flame within a 20 m range behind the explosion isolator. Numerical calculations unveiled the gas-phase chemical suppression mechanism of the powder flame-extinguishing agent NH4H2PO4 in suppressing methane explosions. Building upon these findings, application technology for active flame-proofing was developed, offering technical support for intelligent prevention and control of gas explosions in underground coal mines. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Fire/Explosion Risk Assessment and Loss Prevention of Hazardous Materials, Mines and Natural Gas)
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12 pages, 3553 KiB  
Article
The Application of Nitrogen Curtain Technology to Longwall Goaf to Prevent the Spontaneous Combustion of Coal: A Case Study in Shajihai Coalmine, China
by Hai-Jiang Geng, Ya-Ming Zhao, Xiang-Lan Liu and Fu-Chao Tian
Fire 2023, 6(9), 363; https://doi.org/10.3390/fire6090363 - 18 Sep 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 901
Abstract
To enhance the inerting effect of nitrogen on large longwall goaf, a novel goaf-inerting method of using a full cross-section nitrogen curtain for a U-shaped ventilation working face is developed. The working principle of the full cross-section nitrogen curtain is elucidated. The design [...] Read more.
To enhance the inerting effect of nitrogen on large longwall goaf, a novel goaf-inerting method of using a full cross-section nitrogen curtain for a U-shaped ventilation working face is developed. The working principle of the full cross-section nitrogen curtain is elucidated. The design principle and key parameters of the nitrogen curtain needed to achieve an optimum nitrogen injection effect are established. The nitrogen curtain technology is successfully applied to the scenario of fire prevention in the underground goaf. The field study shows that the full cross-section curtain injection of nitrogen exhibits many advantages such as simple operation and homogeneous diffusion. The implementation of the nitrogen curtain reduced the maximum width of the goaf oxidation zone from 70 m to 20 m. And the CO concentration in the upper corner decreased from 21.8 ppm to 11.2 ppm after 18 h of nitrogen injection. After 48 h of injection, the CO concentration in the upper corner remained unchanged and the concentration had reduced to 0 in the lower corner. It was demonstrated that the inerting efficiency of the full cross-section nitrogen curtain reached 86% in the upper corner and 100% in the lower, which is significantly superior to the traditional buried-pipe nitrogen injection method. The effect verifies the effectiveness of the curtain injection method of nitrogen, which can ensure a safe working face production. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Fire/Explosion Risk Assessment and Loss Prevention of Hazardous Materials, Mines and Natural Gas)
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16 pages, 12407 KiB  
Article
Study on the Characteristics and Influence Factor of Methane and Coal Dust Gas/Solid Two-Phase Mixture Explosions
by Yue Wang, Zhi Wang, Xingyan Cao and Haoyue Wei
Fire 2023, 6(9), 359; https://doi.org/10.3390/fire6090359 - 15 Sep 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 789
Abstract
This research aimed to the characteristics and influence factor of methane and coal dust gas/solid two-phase mixture explosions by experiment. Through comparative analysis of flame propagation characteristics, pressure, flame temperature and products, the characteristics of gas/solid explosions and its influence factor were analyzed. [...] Read more.
This research aimed to the characteristics and influence factor of methane and coal dust gas/solid two-phase mixture explosions by experiment. Through comparative analysis of flame propagation characteristics, pressure, flame temperature and products, the characteristics of gas/solid explosions and its influence factor were analyzed. And the influence mechanism was also revealed. Results indicate that the coal dust parameter and methane concentration were the important influence factor on mixture explosions. Explosion intensity could be indirectly affected by influencing the flame propagation. Under the determined coal dust parameter, the explosion parameter showed a change trend of increase firstly and then decrease as the methane concentration increased. And it was the greatest at 6% methane concentration. However, the concentration of coal dust corresponding to the maximum pressure was variable and was decreased successively as the methane concentration increased. The corresponding dust concentrations were 500 g/m3 and 200 g/m3 under 2% and 10% methane concentrations, respectively. Meanwhile, the pressure all presented an increasing trend with the reduction of coal dust diameter under five coal dust concentrations, and the explosion intensity was the greatest at 300 g/m3 coal dust concentration. For 2% methane concentration, the explosion would not occur as the dust concentration was less than 400 g/m3. And the same phenomena also appeared as the methane concentration exceeded 10%. The explosion parameter presented the same change trend with the changes of methane concentration and coal dust parameters. Besides, the thermal stability and decomposition oxidation characteristics of burned coal dust were evidently changed compared with unburned coal dust. The weight loss rate and oxidation reaction rate were decreased, and the corresponding temperature was increased. It indicates that coal dust participated in gas/dust two-phase explosion reactions, and the pyrolysis reaction of volatile matter led to an obvious reduction in the weight loss and oxidation reaction rate. And the precipitation of volatile matter also resulted in an obvious pore structure on its surface. The physical parameters and internal components of coal dust were important factors affecting the reaction rates of gas/dust mixture explosions. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Fire/Explosion Risk Assessment and Loss Prevention of Hazardous Materials, Mines and Natural Gas)
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