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Applications for the Organic Rankine Cycle
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Applications for the Organic Rankine Cycle

A special issue of Energies (ISSN 1996-1073). This special issue belongs to the section "J: Thermal Management".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (10 May 2020) | Viewed by 25421

Special Issue Editor

Dr. Jovana Radulovic

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department: School of Mechanical and Design Engineering, University of Portsmouth, Anglesea building, Anglesea Road, Portsmouth PO1 3DJ, UK
Interests: energy systems; energy efficiency; energy storage
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

With the global energy demand on the rise, the utilisation of unconventional energy sources and the application of diverse energy systems continue to be the focal points of scientific and industrial research worldwide. The organic Rankine cycle is a promising technology, proven to be an effective tool for distributed electricity generation and harnessing waste heat energy. Standalone systems are commonly powered by biomass and successfully paired with concentrated solar power (CSP) and steam Rankine systems. On-board applications are being developed, with recent advances concentrating on waste heat recovery from exhaust gas heat, including internal combustion engines, heavy and light duty vehicles, and marine applications. Significant attention is being paid to the design and operation of ORC systems and their components, primarily expanders, working fluid selection, as well as optimization and control strategies.

Dr. Jovana Radulovic
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Energies is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • organic Rankine cycle
  • waste heat recovery
  • working fluids
  • expanders
  • thermoeconomic analysis

Published Papers (7 papers)

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Research

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14 pages, 1619 KiB  
Article
Heat Exchanger Sizing for Organic Rankine Cycle
by James Bull, James M. Buick and Jovana Radulovic
Energies 2020, 13(14), 3615; https://doi.org/10.3390/en13143615 - 14 Jul 2020
Cited by 14 | Viewed by 4858
Abstract
Approximately 45% of power generated by conventional power systems is wasted due to power conversion process limitations. Waste heat recovery can be achieved in an Organic Rankine Cycle (ORC) by converting low temperature waste heat into useful energy, at relatively low-pressure operating conditions. [...] Read more.
Approximately 45% of power generated by conventional power systems is wasted due to power conversion process limitations. Waste heat recovery can be achieved in an Organic Rankine Cycle (ORC) by converting low temperature waste heat into useful energy, at relatively low-pressure operating conditions. The ORC system considered in this study utilises R-1234yf as the working fluid; the work output and thermal efficiency were evaluated for several operational pressures. Plate and shell and tube heat exchangers were analysed for the three sections: preheater, evaporator and superheater for the hot side; and precooler and condenser for the cold side. Each heat exchanger section was sized using the appropriate correlation equations for single-phase and two-phase fluid models. The overall heat exchanger size was evaluated for optimal operational conditions. It was found that the plate heat exchanger out-performed the shell and tube in regard to the overall heat transfer coefficient and area. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Applications for the Organic Rankine Cycle)
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21 pages, 6917 KiB  
Article
Thermoeconomic Optimization with PSO Algorithm of Waste Heat Recovery Systems Based on Organic Rankine Cycle System for a Natural Gas Engine
by Guillermo Valencia Ochoa, Carlos Acevedo Peñaloza and Jorge Duarte Forero
Energies 2019, 12(21), 4165; https://doi.org/10.3390/en12214165 - 31 Oct 2019
Cited by 39 | Viewed by 3317
Abstract
To contribute to the economic viability of waste heat recovery systems application based on the organic Rankine cycle (ORC) under real operation condition of natural gas engines, this article presents a thermoeconomic optimization results using the particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm of a [...] Read more.
To contribute to the economic viability of waste heat recovery systems application based on the organic Rankine cycle (ORC) under real operation condition of natural gas engines, this article presents a thermoeconomic optimization results using the particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm of a simple ORC (SORC), regenerative ORC (RORC), and double-stage ORC (DORC) integrated to a GE Jenbacher engine type 6, which have not been reported in the literature. Thermoeconomic modeling was proposed for the studied configurations to integrate the exergetic analysis with economic considerations, allowing to reduce the thermoeconomic indicators that most influence the cash flow of the project. The greatest opportunities for improvement were obtained for the DORC, where the results for maximizing net power allowed the maximum value of 99.52 kW, with 85% and 80% efficiencies in the pump and turbine, respectively, while the pinch point temperatures of the evaporator and condenser must be 35 and 16 °C. This study serves as a guide for future research focused on the thermoeconomic performance optimization of an ORC integrated into a natural gas engine. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Applications for the Organic Rankine Cycle)
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20 pages, 3466 KiB  
Article
Innovation in an Existing Backpressure Turbine for Ensure Better Sustainability and Flexible Operation
by Aleš Hromádka, Martin Sirový and Zbyněk Martínek
Energies 2019, 12(14), 2652; https://doi.org/10.3390/en12142652 - 10 Jul 2019
Cited by 6 | Viewed by 2260
Abstract
Cogeneration power plants have already been operated in the Czech Republic for several decades. These cogeneration power plants have been mostly operated with original technologies. However, these original technologies have to be continuously innovated during the entire operation time. This paper is focused [...] Read more.
Cogeneration power plants have already been operated in the Czech Republic for several decades. These cogeneration power plants have been mostly operated with original technologies. However, these original technologies have to be continuously innovated during the entire operation time. This paper is focused on one of the possible innovations, which could lead to better sustainability and improved flexibility of the cogeneration power plants. Backpressure turbines are still used in many cogeneration power plants. However, backpressure turbines are currently losing suitability for cogeneration power plants, because they always need sufficient heat demand for optimal operation. Backpressure turbines rapidly lose efficiency when facing a lack of heat demand, i.e., mostly in summer season. Currently, condensing turbines are a preferable option for cogeneration power plants, which generally achieve less effective operation, as condensing turbines are able to operate with optional heat demand. Therefore, backpressure turbines are often replaced by condensing turbines with regulated outputs. In spite of the current trend, this article will present an innovative topology, which retains the original backpressure turbine with the addition of the organic Rankine cycle for residual energy utilization. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Applications for the Organic Rankine Cycle)
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17 pages, 2582 KiB  
Article
Optimization of an Organic Rankine Cycle System for an LNG-Powered Ship
by Jamin Koo, Soung-Ryong Oh, Yeo-Ul Choi, Jae-Hoon Jung and Kyungtae Park
Energies 2019, 12(10), 1933; https://doi.org/10.3390/en12101933 - 20 May 2019
Cited by 31 | Viewed by 3633
Abstract
Recovering energy from waste energy sources is an important issue as environmental pollution and the energy crisis become serious. In the same context, recovering liquefied natural gas (LNG) cold energy from an LNG-powered ship is also important in terms of energy savings. To [...] Read more.
Recovering energy from waste energy sources is an important issue as environmental pollution and the energy crisis become serious. In the same context, recovering liquefied natural gas (LNG) cold energy from an LNG-powered ship is also important in terms of energy savings. To this end, this study investigated a novel solution for a LNG-powered ship to recover LNG cold energy. Six different organic Rankine cycle (ORC) systems (three for high-pressure dual-fuel engines and three for medium-pressure dual-fuel engines) were proposed and optimized; nine different working fluids were investigated; annualized costs for installing proposed ORC systems were estimated based on the optimization results. In addition, a sensitivity analysis was performed to identify the effect of uncertainties on the performance of the ORC systems. As a result, the ORC system for the medium-pressure engines with direct expansion, multi-condensation levels, and a high evaporation temperature exhibited the best performance in terms of exergy efficiency, net power output and actual annualized cost. These results demonstrate the possibility of replacing a typical LNG supply system with an ORC system. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Applications for the Organic Rankine Cycle)
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20 pages, 4076 KiB  
Article
Experimental Investigation on Performance of an Organic Rankine Cycle System Integrated with a Radial Flow Turbine
by Lisheng Pan and Huaixin Wang
Energies 2019, 12(4), 724; https://doi.org/10.3390/en12040724 - 22 Feb 2019
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 3050
Abstract
An experimental method is used to investigate the performance of a small-scale organic Rankine cycle (ORC) system which is integrated with a radial flow turbine, using 90 °C hot water as a heat source. The considered working fluids are R245fa and R123. The [...] Read more.
An experimental method is used to investigate the performance of a small-scale organic Rankine cycle (ORC) system which is integrated with a radial flow turbine, using 90 °C hot water as a heat source. The considered working fluids are R245fa and R123. The relationship between cycle performance and the operation parameters is obtained. With constant condensing pressure (temperature), the outlet temperature of the hot water, the mass flow rate of the hot water and the evaporator heat transfer rate increase with increasing evaporating pressure. Turbine isentropic efficiency decreases and transmission-generation efficiency increases with rising evaporating pressure. In the considered conditions, the maximum specific energy is 1.28 kJ/kg, with optimal fluid of R245fa and an optimal evaporating temperature of 69.2 °C. When the evaporating pressure (temperature) is constant, the outlet temperature of the cooling water increases, and the mass flow rate of the cooling water decreases with increasing condensing pressure. Turbine isentropic efficiency increases and transmission-generation efficiency decreases with the rise of condensing pressure. In the considered conditions, the maximum specific energy is 0.89 kJ/kg, with optimal fluid of R245fa and an optimal condensing temperature of 29.1 °C. Turbine efficiency is impacted by the working fluid type, operation parameters and nozzle type. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Applications for the Organic Rankine Cycle)
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22 pages, 4913 KiB  
Article
Investigation of an Innovative Cascade Cycle Combining a Trilateral Cycle and an Organic Rankine Cycle (TLC-ORC) for Industry or Transport Application
by Xiaoli Yu, Zhi Li, Yiji Lu, Rui Huang and Anthony Paul Roskilly
Energies 2018, 11(11), 3032; https://doi.org/10.3390/en11113032 - 5 Nov 2018
Cited by 10 | Viewed by 3371
Abstract
An innovative cascade cycle combining a trilateral cycle and an organic Rankine cycle (TLC-ORC) system is proposed in this paper. The proposed TLC-ORC system aims at obtaining better performance of temperature matching between working fluid and heat source, leading to better overall system [...] Read more.
An innovative cascade cycle combining a trilateral cycle and an organic Rankine cycle (TLC-ORC) system is proposed in this paper. The proposed TLC-ORC system aims at obtaining better performance of temperature matching between working fluid and heat source, leading to better overall system performance than that of the conventional dual-loop ORC system. The proposed cascade cycle adopts TLC to replace the High-Temperature (HT) cycle of the conventional dual-loop ORC system. The comprehensive comparisons between the conventional dual-loop ORC and the proposed TLC-ORC system have been conducted using the first and second law analysis. Effects of evaporating temperature for HT and Low-Temperature (LT) cycle, as well as different HT and LT working fluids, are systematically investigated. The comparisons of exergy destruction and exergy efficiency of each component in the two systems have been studied. Results illustrate that the maximum net power output, thermal efficiency, and exergy efficiency of a conventional dual-loop ORC are 8.8 kW, 18.7%, and 50.0%, respectively, obtained by the system using cyclohexane as HT working fluid at THT,evap = 470 K and TLT,evap = 343 K. While for the TLC-ORC, the corresponding values are 11.8 kW, 25.0%, and 65.6%, obtained by the system using toluene as a HT working fluid at THT,evap = 470 K and TLT,evap = 343 K, which are 34.1%, 33.7%, and 31.2% higher than that of a conventional dual-loop ORC. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Applications for the Organic Rankine Cycle)
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Review

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26 pages, 5101 KiB  
Review
Application of the Multi-Vane Expanders in ORC Systems—A Review on the Experimental and Modeling Research Activities
by Piotr Kolasiński
Energies 2019, 12(15), 2975; https://doi.org/10.3390/en12152975 - 1 Aug 2019
Cited by 17 | Viewed by 4114
Abstract
This paper reviews the applications of the multi-vane expanders in ORC (organic Rankine cycle) systems. The operating principle and design of the ORC systems are addressed in the introduction. Then, there is a brief review of the expanders applied in small-power and micro-power [...] Read more.
This paper reviews the applications of the multi-vane expanders in ORC (organic Rankine cycle) systems. The operating principle and design of the ORC systems are addressed in the introduction. Then, there is a brief review of the expanders applied in small-power and micro-power ORCs, and a discussion of the multi-vane expander design and operating principle as an introduction to a comprehensive review on the applications of the multi-vane expanders in ORC systems. The different features of the multi-vane expanders—i.e., the design of the expander, its geometrical dimensions and operating conditions, durability, applied working fluid, obtained power output, and efficiency—are analyzed in this paper. This review clearly indicates that multi-vane expanders are a promising alternative to the different types of the expanders applied in ORC systems. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Applications for the Organic Rankine Cycle)
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