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Electronics
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Electromagnetic Compatibility Issues in Wireless Power Transfer Systems
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Electromagnetic Compatibility Issues in Wireless Power Transfer Systems

A special issue of Electronics (ISSN 2079-9292). This special issue belongs to the section "Power Electronics".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 December 2022) | Viewed by 9760

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Deniss Stepins

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Institute of Industrial Electronics and Electrical Engineering, Riga Technical University, 1658 Riga, Latvia
Interests: power electronics; electromagnetic interference; electromagnetic compatibility; wireless power transfer
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Prof. Dr. Myunghoi Kim

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
School of ICT, Robotics and Mechanical Engineering, Hankyong National University, Anseong 17579, Republic of Korea
Interests: microwave metamaterials; signal and power integrity; electromagnetic compatibility (EMC)
Prof. Dr. Janis Zakis

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Institute of Industrial Electronics and Electrical Engineering, Riga Technical University, 1658 Riga, Latvia
Interests: power electronics; inductive wireless power transfer; inverters
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

With an ever-growing passion for reliability and convenience of electric power transfer, wireless power transfer (WPT) has become very popular topic for research last decade. Nowadays, range of applications of WPT is very wide ranging from low-power devices to high-power ones. WPT can be used for wireless battery charging of electrical vehicles, implanted electronic devices, mobile robots and so on, as well as WPT can be used to transfer electric power to movable sensors and many other applications of WPT can be mentioned. For wireless power transfer near-field WPT techniques are very popular. They mainly include inductive-resonant, capacitive and strongly coupled magnetic resonant WPT techniques. One of the main drawbacks of nearfield WPT systems (which is not effectively solved yet) is that being inherently switch-mode converters, WPT systems emit conducted emissions and radiated emissions that can cause significant electromagnetic interference (EMI) to sensitive electronic equipment and pose important electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) issues. Additionally, WPT systems can generate strong leakage electromagnetic fields that can pose significant electromagnetic safety issues and can be hazardous for human health. WPT systems must comply with EMC standards and public health regulations. Thus, the electromagnetic emissions generated by WPT systems should be reduced.

This Special Issue is focused on improving of EMC and electromagnetic safety of modern nearfield WPT systems (inductive-resonant, strongly coupled magnetic resonant and capacitive WPT systems). Papers on modeling of electromagnetic emissions of WPT systems and coils as well as on novel or improved electromagnetic emission reduction techniques applied to near-field WPT systems are welcome. When proposing novel EMI reduction techniques or improving existing approaches, trade-off between EMI levels and other important performance characteristics (e.g. efficiency, power density, etc.) of WPT systems should be considered. Review articles on EMC and electromagnetic safety issues in WPT systems are also welcome. Potential research topics include, but are not limited to:

  • Novel conducted and radiated EMI reduction techniques applied to near-field WPT systems
  • Improvement of existing EMI suppression techniques applied to near-field WPT systems
  • Spread spectrum-based reduction of EMI in WPT systems
  • Reduction of leakage fields
  • EMC issues in MHz inductive and capacitive WPT systems
  • Modeling and optimization of WPT systems and WPT coils considering EMC and field leakage
  • Modeling of electromagnetic fields generated by WPT systems
  • Minimization of side-effects of existing EMI suppression techniques on other performance characteristics of WPT systems

Dr. Deniss Stepins
Prof. Dr. Myunghoi Kim
Prof. Dr. Janis Zakis
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Electronics is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2400 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • wireless power transfer
  • electromagnetic interference
  • electromagnetic compatibility
  • electromagnetic safety
  • inductive coupling
  • capacitive coupling
  • spread spectrum
  • conducted emissions
  • radiated emissions
  • leakage fields
  • shielding
  • inductive coils

Published Papers (5 papers)

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Research

16 pages, 4057 KiB  
Article
Thorough Study of Multi-Switching-Frequency-Based Spread-Spectrum Technique for Suppression of Conducted Emissions from Wireless Battery Chargers
by Deniss Stepins, Aleksandrs Sokolovs and Janis Zakis
Electronics 2023, 12(3), 687; https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics12030687 - 30 Jan 2023
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1171
Abstract
The multi-switching-frequency technique is one of the spread-spectrum techniques for suppression of conducted emissions generated by wireless battery chargers. Its advantage is a relatively easy implementation with a microcontroller. In this paper, an original thorough experimental study of the effect of the multi-switching-frequency-based [...] Read more.
The multi-switching-frequency technique is one of the spread-spectrum techniques for suppression of conducted emissions generated by wireless battery chargers. Its advantage is a relatively easy implementation with a microcontroller. In this paper, an original thorough experimental study of the effect of the multi-switching-frequency-based spread spectrum technique parameters (e.g., combinations of number of pulses, frequency order, etc.) on the performance characteristics (conducted emissions levels, efficiency, etc.) of an inductive-resonant wireless battery charger with a closed loop control is presented. It is shown that combinations of a number of pulses and frequency order have a noticeable impact on the performance characteristics of the wireless chargers. The suppression of the conducted emissions can be improved significantly by using optimized parameters of the technique. Moreover, it is proved experimentally that a relatively inexpensive microcontroller with a transceiver can be used to implement both closed-loop control of the wireless charger and the multi-switching-frequency technique. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Electromagnetic Compatibility Issues in Wireless Power Transfer Systems)
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14 pages, 4984 KiB  
Article
An Improved Spread-Spectrum Technique for Reduction of Electromagnetic Emissions of Wireless Power Transfer Systems
by Deniss Stepins, Dhruv Deveshkumar Shah, Aleksandrs Sokolovs and Janis Zakis
Electronics 2022, 11(17), 2733; https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics11172733 - 30 Aug 2022
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1384
Abstract
The application of conventional spread spectrum techniques for conducted electromagnetic emission (EME) reduction in inductive-resonant wireless power transfer (WPT) systems may not reduce conducted EME enough due to specific frequency characteristics of the resonant systems and it can lead to some “adverse effects”, [...] Read more.
The application of conventional spread spectrum techniques for conducted electromagnetic emission (EME) reduction in inductive-resonant wireless power transfer (WPT) systems may not reduce conducted EME enough due to specific frequency characteristics of the resonant systems and it can lead to some “adverse effects”, mainly in terms of decreased efficiency. Therefore, in this paper, an improved spread spectrum approach, multi-switching frequency and multi-duty cycle (MFMD) technique, is proposed. The proposed approach can give a considerably better conducted EME reduction along with a better efficiency than the conventional spread spectrum techniques based on a multi-switching frequency scheme. In the proposed approach, the inductive-resonant WPT system can operate at multiple switching frequencies (e.g., three different frequencies) and for a part of a control signal with a specific switching frequency, there is a specific duty cycle. The technique can be implemented in a simple way using an inexpensive 8-bit microcontroller. The effect of the MFMD scheme on the conducted EME and efficiency of the WPT system is studied in detail. The WPT system conducted EME and the efficiency are studied experimentally with a designed laboratory prototype. The performance characteristics of the WPT system with the MFMD scheme are compared to those with the multi-switching frequency scheme and without the spread spectrum. The WPT system with the proposed spread spectrum technique has a better performance than that with the conventional spread spectrum technique. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Electromagnetic Compatibility Issues in Wireless Power Transfer Systems)
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17 pages, 1246 KiB  
Article
Modeling Electrical Conductivity of Metal Meshes for Predicting Shielding Effectiveness in Magnetic Fields of Wireless Power Transfer Systems
by Steve Zimmer, Martin Helwig, Anja Winkler and Niels Modler
Electronics 2022, 11(14), 2156; https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics11142156 - 09 Jul 2022
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 1872
Abstract
The dimensioning of wireless power transfer systems requires compliance with safety standards for human exposure and electromagnetic compatibility. For this reason, shielding is conventionally carried out with heavy and costly plates. In order to evaluate a lightweight and low-cost alternative, this paper presents [...] Read more.
The dimensioning of wireless power transfer systems requires compliance with safety standards for human exposure and electromagnetic compatibility. For this reason, shielding is conventionally carried out with heavy and costly plates. In order to evaluate a lightweight and low-cost alternative, this paper presents a comprehensive investigation of the shielding effectiveness of metal meshes in magnetic fields of wireless power transfer systems, including analytical modeling and experimental validation. Special emphasis is laid on the validation of novel analytical approximation approaches to model the anisotropic electrical conductivity of metal meshes. The proposed approaches show good consistency of the mean value taking into account warp and weft direction, whereas the modeling of the anisotropic behavior is not sufficiently accurately represented. Using the calculated electrical conductivity, the analytical modeling of the maximum shielding effectiveness based on a literature-known approach is very consistent for the experimental validation. Thus, the performed studies provide a significant contribution to the dimensioning of metal meshes as shielding for wireless power transfer systems. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Electromagnetic Compatibility Issues in Wireless Power Transfer Systems)
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16 pages, 4454 KiB  
Article
Suppression of Radiated Emissions from Inductive-Resonant Wireless Power Transfer Systems by Using Spread-Spectrum Technique
by Deniss Stepins, Janis Zakis, Padmapriya Padmanaban and Dhruv Deveshkumar Shah
Electronics 2022, 11(5), 730; https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics11050730 - 26 Feb 2022
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1828
Abstract
Inductive-resonant wireless power transfer systems are often used for wireless transfer of electric power. However, they are significant sources of radiated electromagnetic emissions. The effect of spread-spectrum approach based on classical switching frequency modulation of inductive-resonant wireless power transfer system inverter operating frequency [...] Read more.
Inductive-resonant wireless power transfer systems are often used for wireless transfer of electric power. However, they are significant sources of radiated electromagnetic emissions. The effect of spread-spectrum approach based on classical switching frequency modulation of inductive-resonant wireless power transfer system inverter operating frequency and multi-frequency technique on the radiated emissions and efficiency is studied experimentally in detail. The influence of the classical frequency modulation and multi-frequency technique parameters on the peak radiated emission levels and the efficiency of the inductive-resonant wireless power transfer system are investigated more comprehensively. It is shown in the paper that the spread-spectrum approaches can lead to an appreciable radiated emissions reduction with small or large impact on the system’s efficiency. Some useful recommendations on how to choose parameters of the periodic switching frequency modulation or the multi-frequency technique considering a trade-off between the radiated emissions reduction and the efficiency are also proposed. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Electromagnetic Compatibility Issues in Wireless Power Transfer Systems)
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15 pages, 4122 KiB  
Article
Meander-DGS Effect on Electromagnetic Bandgap Structure for Power/Ground Noise Suppression in High-Speed Integrated Circuit Packages and PCBs
by Myunghoi Kim
Electronics 2022, 11(2), 211; https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics11020211 - 10 Jan 2022
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1853
Abstract
In this paper, we present the impact of a meander-shaped defected ground structure (MDGS) on the slow-wave characteristics of a lowest-order passband and a low cutoff frequency of the first stopband of an electromagnetic bandgap (EBG) structure for power/ground noise suppression in high-speed [...] Read more.
In this paper, we present the impact of a meander-shaped defected ground structure (MDGS) on the slow-wave characteristics of a lowest-order passband and a low cutoff frequency of the first stopband of an electromagnetic bandgap (EBG) structure for power/ground noise suppression in high-speed integrated circuit packages and printed circuit boards (PCBs). A semi-analytical method is presented to rigorously analyze the MDGS effect. In the analytical method, a closed-form expression for a low cutoff frequency of the MDGS-EBG structure is extracted with an effective characteristic impedance and a slow-wave factor. The proposed analytical method enables the fast analysis of the MDGS-EBG structure so that it can be easily optimized. The analysis of the MDGS effect revealed that the low cutoff frequency increases up to approximately 19% while comparing weakly and strongly coupled MDGSs. It showed that the miniaturization of the MDGS-EBG structure can be achieved. It was experimentally verified that the low cutoff frequency is reduced from 2.54 GHz to 2.00 GHz by decreasing the MDGS coupling coefficient, which is associated with the miniaturization of the MDGS-EBG structure in high-speed packages and PCBs. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Electromagnetic Compatibility Issues in Wireless Power Transfer Systems)
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