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Electronics
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Advances in Antennas and Wireless Propagation
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Advances in Antennas and Wireless Propagation

A special issue of Electronics (ISSN 2079-9292). This special issue belongs to the section "Microwave and Wireless Communications".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (28 February 2022) | Viewed by 4152

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Muhammad Afzal

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
School of Electrical and Data Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia
Interests: antennas and propagation; satellite communications; wireless communications
Dr. Yang Yang

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
School of Electrical and Data Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia
Interests: RFIC; microwave; millimeter-wave and terahertz devices/circuits; reconfigurable antennas; wearable antennas; wearable medical devices; sensors and remote sensing techniques
Dr. Roy B. V. B. Simorangkir

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Wireless Sensor Network Group, Micro and Nanoelectronics Research Centre, Tyndall National Institute, University College Cork, T12R5CP Cork, Ireland
Interests: wearable antennas and sensors; flexible antennas; ultra-wideband antennas; reconfigurable antennas; unconventional materials-based antennas
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Prof. Dr. Karu P. Esselle

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
School of Electrical & Data Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia
Interests: antenna design and wave propagation; microwave and millimeter wave communication; engineering electromagnetics; metasurface
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Advances in wireless technologies and diverse applications demand novel design, techniques, and materials to realize compatible front-end antennas. Researchers from both academia and industry are striving to solve technical challenges with diverse solutions. Meta-surface-based antennas have been developed to realize thin low-profile beam-steering antennas for receiving satellite services on moving platforms operating in remote locations. Composite materials such as polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) have been investigated for flexible and wearable antennas. The additive manufacturing technique or 3D printing is demonstrated and tested to develop complex geometries for higher frequency applications. In this Special Issue, we invite respected colleagues and researchers to submit cutting-edge research on antennas and wireless communication, including advanced designs and techniques. Potential topics for this Special Issue include but are not limited to:

  • front-end antennas;
  • textile, wearable, and flexible antennas;
  • subterahertz and terahertz antenna technologies;
  • 5G and millimetre wave antennas;
  • metasurfaces and metamaterials theory, design, and applications;
  • reflectarrays, transmitarrays, and lenses;
  • design, simulation, and modelling of passive filter;
  • 3D printing technology for wireless applications.

Dr. Muhammad Afzal
Dr. Yang Yang
Dr. Roy Simorangkir
Prof. Dr. Karu P. Esselle
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Electronics is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2400 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • antennas
  • high gain
  • textile antenna
  • wearable antennas
  • flexible antennas
  • terahertz antennas
  • 5G
  • millimetre wave antennas
  • metasurfaces
  • metamaterials
  • sensors
  • beam steering
  • beamforming
  • reconfigurable
  • 3D printing
  • characterization
  • reflectarrays
  • transmitarrays
  • lenses
  • FSS
  • passive filter

Published Papers (2 papers)

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Research

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15 pages, 6567 KiB  
Article
Direction-of-Arrival Estimation of Electromagnetic Wave Impinging on Spherical Antenna Array in the Presence of Mutual Coupling Using a Multiple Signal Classification Method
by Oluwole John Famoriji and Thokozani Shongwe
Electronics 2021, 10(21), 2651; https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics10212651 - 29 Oct 2021
Cited by 14 | Viewed by 1452
Abstract
A spherical antenna array (SAA) is the configuration of choice in obtaining an antenna array with isotropic characteristics. An SAA has the capacity to receive an electromagnetic wave (EM) with equal intensity irrespective of the direction-of-arrival (DoA) and polarization. Therefore, the DoA estimation [...] Read more.
A spherical antenna array (SAA) is the configuration of choice in obtaining an antenna array with isotropic characteristics. An SAA has the capacity to receive an electromagnetic wave (EM) with equal intensity irrespective of the direction-of-arrival (DoA) and polarization. Therefore, the DoA estimation of electromagnetic (EM) waves impinging on an SAA with unknown mutual coupling needs to be considered. In the spherical domain, the traditional multiple signal classification algorithm (SH-MUSIC) is faced with a computational complexity problem. This paper presents a one-dimensional MUSIC method (1D-MUSIC) for the estimation of the azimuth and elevation angles. An intermediate mapping matrix that exists between Fourier series and the spherical harmonic function is designed, and the Fourier series Vandermonde structure is used for the realization of the polynomial rooting technique. This mapping matrix can be computed prior to the DoA estimation, and it is only a function of the array configuration. Based on the mapping matrix, the 2-D angle search is transformed into two 1-D angle findings. Employing the features of the Fourier series, two root polynomials are designed for the estimation of the elevation and azimuth angles, spontaneously. The developed method avoids the 2-D spectral search, and angles are paired in automation. Both numerical simulation results, and results from experimental measured data (i.e., with mutual coupling effect incorporated), show the validity, potency, and potential practical application of the developed algorithm. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Antennas and Wireless Propagation)
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Review

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25 pages, 4175 KiB  
Review
Critical Review of Basic Methods on DoA Estimation of EM Waves Impinging a Spherical Antenna Array
by Oluwole John Famoriji and Thokozani Shongwe
Electronics 2022, 11(2), 208; https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics11020208 - 10 Jan 2022
Cited by 10 | Viewed by 1799
Abstract
Direction-of-arrival (DoA) estimation of electromagnetic (EM) waves impinging on a spherical antenna array in short time windows is examined in this paper. Reflected EM signals due to non-line-of-sight propagation measured with a spherical antenna array can be coherent and/or highly correlated in a [...] Read more.
Direction-of-arrival (DoA) estimation of electromagnetic (EM) waves impinging on a spherical antenna array in short time windows is examined in this paper. Reflected EM signals due to non-line-of-sight propagation measured with a spherical antenna array can be coherent and/or highly correlated in a snapshot. This makes spectral-based methods inefficient. Spectral methods, such as maximum likelihood (ML) methods, multiple signal classification (MUSIC), and beamforming methods, are theoretically and systematically investigated in this study. MUSIC is an approach used for frequency estimation and radio direction finding, ML is a technique used for estimating the parameters of an assumed probability distribution for given observed data, and PWD applies a Fourier transform to the capture response and produces them in the frequency domain. Although they have been previously adapted and used to estimate DoA of EM signals impinging on linear and planar antenna array configurations, this paper investigates their suitability and effectiveness for a spherical antenna array. Various computer simulations were conducted, and plots of root-mean-square error (RMSE) against the square root of the Cramér–Rao lower bound (CRLB) were generated and used to evaluate the performance of each method. Numerical experiments and results from measured data show the degree of appropriateness and efficiency of each method. For instance, the techniques exhibit identical performance to that in the wideband scenario when the frequency f = 8 GHz, f = 16 GHz, and f = 32 GHz, but f = 16 GHz performs best. This indicates that the difference between the covariance matrix of the signal is coherent and that the steering vectors of signals impinging from that angle are small. MUSIC and PWD share the same problems in the single-frequency scenario as in the wideband scenario when the delay sample d = 0. Consequently, the DoA estimation obtained with ML techniques is more suitable, less biased, and more robust against noise than beamforming and MUSIC techniques. In addition, deterministic ML (DML) and weighted subspace fitting (WSF) techniques show better DoA estimation performance than the stochastic ML (SML) technique. For a large number of snapshots, WSF is a better choice because it is more computationally efficient than DML. Finally, the results obtained indicate that WSF and ML methods perform better than MUSIC and PWD for the coherent or partially correlated signals studied. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Antennas and Wireless Propagation)
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